Jurnal Sain Veteriner
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Karakterisasi Gen Non Struktural 1 (NSI) Virus Avian Influenza pada Isolat Itik Tahun 2013
Get PDFWabah avian influenza (AI) di Indonesia telah terjadi sejak akhir tahun 2003 dan masih terjadi secara endemis sampai sekarang. Pada akhir tahun 2012 terjadi kasus kematian yang cukup tinggi pada itik yang disebabkan penyakit AI subtipe H5N1 yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam clade 2.3.2, sedangkan virus AI sebelumnya diklasifikasikan pada clade 2.1.1, 2.1.2 dan 2.1.3. Salah satu yang berperan dalam virulensi penyakit AI adalah motif asam amino C-terminal protein nonstruktural1 (NS1). Analisis sekuens virus influenza terutama protein nonstruktural 1 (NS1) yang berasal dari unggas mempunyai motif asam amino ESEV pada Cterminal sedang pada virus influenza manusia mempunyai motif RSKV pada C-terminal. Data sekuen NS1 untuk virus AI terbaru belum lengkap sehingga perlu disekuen untuk melengkapi data molekuler NS1 virus AI.Residu C-terminal protein NS1 virus avian influenza subtype H5N1 perlu dikaji karena mempengaruhi patogenisitas dan virulensi virus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui motif asam amino pada C-terminal protein nonstruktural 1 (NS1) virus avian influenza yang menyerang itik pada tahun 2013. Sampel berasal dari kasus AI pada itik di Tulungagung dan Blitar pada tahun 2013. Isolasi virus menggunakan telur berembrio tertunas ayam. Identifikasi virus AI subtipe H5N1 menggunakan teknik reverse transcription polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dengan primer H5 (Lee et al., 2001) dengan target amplifikasi 545 bp dan primer N1 (Payungporn et al., 2004) dengan target amplifikasi 131 bp. Amplifikasi gen NS1 menggunakan RT-PCR dengan 2 pasang primer (Bannet-Noah et al., 2007) yang didesain mengamplifikasi gen NS dan dilanjutkan proses sekuensing gen NS1. Sekuen yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan software MEGA 5.05 yang meliputi multiple alignment, prediksi asam amino dan analisis pohon filogenetik. Hasil sekuen isolat diperoleh panjang nukleotida yang mengkode protein NS1 sepanjang 690 nt. Hasil analisis pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa ke lima isolat uji tidak berada satu grup dengan dengan isolat asal Indonesia tahun 2003- 2008 dan berdekatan dengan klaster virus AI yang berasal dari Asia clade 2.3.2. Pada semua isolat tahun 2013 ditemukan delesi asam amino pada posisi 80-84, substitusi asam amino D92E, asam amino 149 semua isolat mempunyai asam amino alanine (A), asam amino ke 196 ditemukan adanya variasi substitusi berupa lysine (K) dan glutamic acid (E) dan asam amino pada gen NS1 mempunyai motif ESEV pada posisi PDZ ligand
Identifikasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Isolat 9A dari Kolon Sapi Bali sebagai Probiotik melalui Analisis Gen 16S rRNA
Get PDFBakteri asam laktat (BAL) merupakan bakteri yang mampu memfermentasi laktosa dan menghasilkan asam laktat sebagai produk utamanya. BAL berpotensi dalam memproduksi bakteriosin dan bersifat probiotik. Disisi lain, sapi bali diketahui memiliki banyak keunggulan salah satunya mampu memanfaatkan hijauan yang kurang bergizi, dan mempunyai daya cerna yang baik terhadap pakan, sehingga diharapkan dapat ditemukan BAL yang memiliki keunggulan spesifik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba BAL isolat9A asal kolon sapi bali sehingga bisa di manfaatkan sebagai kandidat probiotik, serta untuk menganalisis susunan nukleotida dan gambaran pohon filogenetiknya. Penelitian diawali dengan kultivasi isolat pada media MRS broth, dilanjutkan dengan uji katalase dan pewarnaan Gram. Isolat BAL yang sudah terkonfirmasi diuji aktivitas antimikrobanya dengan bakteri patogen (Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus). Analisis molekuler dilakukan dengan amplifikasi gen 16S rRNA menggunakan primer B27F dan U1492R. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba bakteri asam laktat isolat 9A mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus antara 37,56 - 61,47%, dengan rata-rata 50.35% jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol antibiotika. Dalam penelitian ini BAL tidak menunjukkan terjadinya penghambatan pada pertumbuhan E. Coli. BAL isolat 9A teridentifikasi sebagai Streptococcus bovis dengan tingkat similaritas 99% dan berada satu cluster denganspesies Streptococcus bovis dengan nilai bootstrap sebesar 100
Efek Diet Tinggi Kolesterol Terhadap Peningkatan Kolesterol Darah, Gambaran Histopatologi Hati, dan Bobot Badan Kelinci New Zealand White Jantan
Get PDFThis study was conducted to analyze the high cholesterol diet effect of egg yolk powder toward the increase of blood cholesterol and body weight in male New Zealand White rabbit and learned their liver histophatology figure. The experimental studies with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) used 13 male New Zealand White rabbit aged 6 – 7 months and weight 2,9 – 4,0 kg. Rabbit were divided into 3 groups: group 0 (n=4) given the standard feed, group 1 (n=4) given high cholesterol diet from egg yolk powder, and group 2 (n=5) given high cholesterol diet from egg yolk powder and red palm oil mix. The intervention was implemented for 8 weeks after 4 weeks adaptation period. The results showed that intervention of high cholesterol diet from egg yolk powder significantly increased levels of serum cholesterol and fatty liver, but did not significantly affect body weight of male New Zealand White rabbit.
Respon Sistem Homeostasis Kalsium Tikus Ovariektomi yang Mengkonsumsi Kombinasi Calcitriol dengan Raloxifene
Get PDFNormal range of calcium (Ca) level in the blood is maintained by Ca homeostasis in the intestinal, kidney and bone. The objective of this research was to study the response of calcium homeostasis system ovariectomized rats consuming combination of calcitriol and raloxifene by calcium balance study. Twenty five female Wistar rats at 8 weeks of age were divided into five groups of five: normal control (NK), ovariectomy control (OVK), ovariectomy+calcitriol (OVD ), ovariectomy+ raloxifene (OVR), and ovariectomy+calcitriol+ 20raloxifene supplementation (OVDR), of five each. Seven weeks after the surgery, each rats was placed into individual metabolic cages for Ca balance studies (Ca consumption, feces and urine Ca excretion, and intestinalCa absorption). In 5 to 8 days of the balance studies, the remaining food, urine, and feces were collected every day for Ca analyses. The results showed that Ca consumption, feces and urine Ca excretion, and intestinal Ca absorption of OVDR rats were higher than OVK rats. Consumption and feces Ca excretion of OVDR rats were higher than OVK rats which informed the decrease of estrogen hormone. Intestinal Ca absorption of OVDR rats was higher than OVK rats which informed the decrease of parathyroid hormone. Meanwhile, urine Ca excretionof OVDR rats was higher than OVK rats which informed the decrease of parathyroid hormone and estrogen. In conclusions, the response of calcium homeostasis system in ovariectomized rats consuming combination ofcalcitriol and raloxifene for 8 weeks was marked by increasing Ca absorption in intestine and Ca excretion in urine
Ekstrak Air Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzch) sebagai Penghambat Perkembangan Telur Cacing Gastrointestinal Ruminansia Secara in Vitro
Get PDFGastrointestinal worm disease in cattle is scathing for the breeder’s as it lowers cattle’s productivity and inflict major economic loss. Furthermore, the interraction between cattle, man and the environment might bringout the risk of zoonotic diseases (diseases which can spread between man and animals). Kebar grass contains phytochemical elements such as alkaloid, saponin, tanin, glycoside and flavonoid. Those elements have the potentialas an alternate anthelmentic in the effort to utilize the endemic biodiversities of Papua. This research is performed at Faculty of Animal Husbandry Animal Health Laboratory and Faculty of Math and Natural Science MicrobiologyLaboratory of Universitas Papua, for 8 months. The leaves and the stems of the kebar grass were collected and stored at room temperature. The Kebar grass extract was divided into 3 parts, i.e. fresh extract, wind dried extractand sun dried extract. Fresh fecal samples were collected and examined with the native method. The samples where nematodes eggs are found is treated with kebar grass extract. As a comparison, positive control is made withoxfendazole and negative control is made nematodes larvae fertilization. Fecal cultures and grass extract mixture is left alone for 7 days in room temperature and examined under microscope with 400x fortification to see whetnerthere is any development of the nematodes’ eggs. The obstained data is analyzed by tabulation and descriptive method. The result is the samples mixed with kebar grass extract show no development of nematodes’ egg. As acomparison, the negative control which is observed with baerman method shows development of nematodes’ eggs. It can be concluded that the effect of kebar grass extract can deters nematodes’ egg development
Potensi Imunologi Serbuk Umbi Tanaman Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia tuberose) Terhadap Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin
No full textDiabetes melitus adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia akibat penurunan kadar hormon insulin yang diproduksi kelenjar pankreas. Banyak obat alternatif yang digunakan untuk mengatasi maupun mencegah penyakit diabetes melitus, salah satunya adalah umbi tanaman Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia tuberose) yang mengandung senyawa polisakarida tinggi untuk meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh serbuk umbi tanaman Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia tuberose.) terhadap kadar dan respon imun tikus Wistar yang diinduksi streptozotocin.Tikus yang digunakan adalah tikus Wistar sebanyak 25 ekor jantan, umur sekitar 2 bulan, dengan berat badan 180-250 gram. Tikus dibagi 5 kelompok secara acak masing-masing 5 ekor. Tikus kelompok I, II dan III dibuat diabetes dengan induksi dosis tunggal streptozotocin intraperitoneal 40 mg/kg bb yang dilarutkan dalam buffer sodium sitrat 0,1 M. Tikus diabetes kelompok I diterapi dengan serbuk umbi tanaman Sarang Semut dosis A (18 mg/200 g bb/tikus/ekor/hari/PO) selama 21 hari dan tikus diabetes kelompok II diterapi dengan serbuk umbi tanaman Sarang Semut dosis B (9 mg/200 g bb tikus/ekor/hari/PO) selama 21 hari. Tikus diabetes kelompok III diberi perlakuan 0,5 mL NaCl fisiologis/200 g bb tikus/ekor/hari/PO selama 21 hari sebagai kontrol positif diabetes. Kelompok IV diberi serbuk umbi tanaman Sarang Semut dosis A (18 mg/200 g bb tikus/ekor/hari/PO) selama 21 hari untuk mengetahui efek dari Sarang Semut itu sendiri. Kelompok V diberi perlakuan 0,5 mL NaCl fisiologis/200 g bb tikus/ekor/hari/PO) selama 21 hari sebagai kontrol negatif. Pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 7, 14 dan 21 terhadap setiap kelompok tikus. Di akhir penelitian, dilakukan uji respon imunologik terhadap fungsi leukosit yaitu uji lazy leucocyte syndrome.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk umbi Sarang Semut mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, memperbaiki fungsi imunologik leukosit. Pemberian serbuk Sarang Semut dosis A (18 mg/200 g bb tikus/ekor/hari/PO) memperlihatkan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dosis B (9 mg/200 g bb tikus/ekor/hari/PO). Disimpulkan bahwa serbuk umbi Sarang Semut memiliki potensi sebagai antidiabetes melitus dan mampu meningkatkan respon imunologik
Ancaman terhadap Masuknya Virus Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku melalui Daging Ilegal di Perbatasan Darat Indonesia-Malaysia
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberadaan daging ilegal di perbatasan darat Indonesia-Malaysia sebagai ancaman risiko masuknya virus PMK ke wilayah Indonesia. Data primer diambil menggunakan teknik pengumpulan pendapat pakar dengan kuisioner, wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview) dan pengamatan langsung di lapang. Data sekunder diperoleh dari publikasi ilmiah dan tulisan atau data yang tidak dipublikasi (statistik, dokumen dan laporan dari instansi berwenang). Penentuan responden secara purposive sampling. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa daging ilegal diperkirakan berasal dari berbagai negara termasuk dari negara/zona yang berstatus endemis PMK seperti Semenanjung Malaysia, Thailand, India dan negara/zona yang dinyatakan tidak diketahui oleh responden. Jenis daging ilegal yang masuk ke Entikong berisiko sebagai sumber infeksi PMK seperti daging beku bertulang tanpa limfoglandula dan jeroan beku tanpa limfoglandula. Berdasarkan jalur dan frekuensi pengangkutan, perkiraan volume pemasukan daging ilegal menunjukkan kemungkinan daging masih bisa lolos melalui jalur non-kendaraan. Kondisi-kondisi tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa pemasukan daging ilegal dapat sebagai ancaman risiko masuknya virus PMK ke Indonesia khususnya di perbatasan darat Indonesia-Malaysia, Entikong. Perlu dilakukan upaya pencegahan untuk mengurangi ancaman risiko yaitu dengan melakukan pengawasan yang lebih ketat di pintu-pintu pemasukan dengan koordinasi lintas instansi di perbatasan untuk bersama-sama mencegah pemasukan daging ilegal
Efek Antikariogenik Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica) sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan Streptococcus Mutans penyebab Karies Gigi
Get PDFAnti-plaque agents are known to reduce the formation of dental biofilms such as fluoride and chlorhexidine. However, excessive use of fluoride causes fluorosis and chlorhexidine side effects caused genotoxic. Pluchea indica L is one of the abundance of tropical herbs in the Asia-Pacific reported to have antiinflammatoryproperties and reduces the incidence of gastric necrosis, antinociception, neutralizing toxic venom, antioxidant, antiulcerative, hepatoprotective, antimoeba and broad-spectrum antimicrobial. This study examinesthe effectiveness anticariogenic Pluchea indica leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans causing dental caries in vitro. Determination of Minimum Inhibitoric Concentration (MIC) on Pluchea indica leafextract is by diffusion test on the growth of Streptococcus mutans by Kirby Bauer Test. S. mutans concentration Mc Farland 0.5 standard (108 CFU ml-1) were inoculated in media Müller-Hinton agar (MHA). Paper diskcontaining Pluchea indica leaf extract at each concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% were placed in an agar medium inoculated bacteria then incubated at 37°C on condition microaerophilia using candlejar. Determination of significance various Pluchea indica leaf extract concentration using one-way ANOVA test. The result of the diffusion method showed Pluchea indica leaf extract at a minimum concentration of 10% beenable to establish inhibited zone of Streptococcus mutans growth in MHA media. By one-way ANOVA test to various concentrations of extracts using Microsoft Excel 2007 have been obtained with F=4.85, Fcrit = 2.85 andP-value = 0.0071. Based on this research, it was concluded that Inhibitoric Minimum Concentration Pluchea indica leaf extract is capable of effective concentration of 10% and it has a significant (P-value< 0,05) of variousconcentration
Kesembuhan Skin Flap H-Plasty dan Linear Closure untuk Penutupan Luka Area Lateral Thoraks
Get PDFSkin flap is one of the techniques use for large wound closure. This study were aimed to determine the rate of cure of skin flap H-plasty and linear closure based on subjective and objective clinical observation. Six male local cats at 1-2 years old, weighing 3-4 kg, were divided into two treatment groups. All cats were made 3 x 3 cm wound in the thoracic area for skin graft. Thoracic defects were treated with skin flap techniques H-plasty (group I) and linear closure (group II). Subjective observations was performed on days 3, 6, 9 and 12 after skin flap which was covering skin discoloration, pain response, time hair growth as well a bleeding tests that performed on the 18th day after the skin flap. Objective observation was made on day 18 by administration of 0.9% NaCland observed the absorption time, while the onset of drug effect was noticed by pupillary reflex observation after 0.2 ml adrenaline injection under the skin flap. The observation on day 9 showed that skin flap linear closure wasbetter than skin flap H-plasty, which was characterized by similar skin color with surrounding skin, reduced pain response and rapid hair growth. Bleeding blood test was showed a glowing red colored and immediately came outafter incision in both groups. The absorption time of 0.9% NaCl and the effects of adrenaline were faster in thegroup skin flap linear closure. Skin flap H-plasty and linear closure techniques can be applied to repair woundsin the thoracic area of cat skin, however, the linear closure flap of skin was healing faster than skin flap H-plasty
Kemampuan Fertilisasi Spermatozoa Sexing dan Perkembangan Awal Embrio Secara In Vitro pada Sapi
Get PDFThe aim of the present study was to investigate the fertilization ability of bovine oocytes and early bovine embryonic development in vitro, fertilized by frozen X and Y sperm separated by bovine serum albumin (BSA) gradient column. Oocytes were collected from slaughter house ovarian by flushing and slicing technique. Oocytes were than maturated in tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 supplemented with 10 IU/ml pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG), 10 IU/ml human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 24 h in 5% CO2 incubator 39oC. Oocytes then fertilized with three kind of different frozen spermatozoa (X,Y and unsexing spermatozoa as control) for 14 h with final concentration 2x106 spermatozoa/mL. Embryos were cultured insynthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) supplemented with essential and non essential amino acid and 0.3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 96 h. Results of the experiments revealed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in thefertilization ability (49.17%; 51.40%; 53.42%) for X, Y and control group, respectively. No significant difference (P>0.05) in the number of embryos development (47.77%; 48.25%; 54.43%) for X, Y and control group, respectively. Furthermore, only small number of embryos could pass development blockade (23.80%; 26.08%; 23.61%) for X, Y and control spermatozoa with statistically no significant difference (P>0.05). It is concluded that sexed spermatozoa separated by BSA gradient column had comparable fertilization ability with unsexing spermatozoa and had ability to supported early embryonic development