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Pengaruh Fortifikasi Zat Besi terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Sensori Biskuit Ubi Kayu yang Disuplementasi Tepung Ikan-Tempe
No full textThe prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia in 2013 was still high at 37.1%. The impact of anemia on long-term pregnant women causes a decrease in the quality of human resources. Therefore, it is necessary to provide foods with high iron content and which are easily absorbed. Cassava biscuits that have been enriched with Tempe fish flour and fortified Fe are expected to be an alternative to anemia control and pregnant women PEM through a "food-based" approach. The study aims to produce cassava biscuits supplemented with Tempe fish flour and fortified Fe, so that it contains high protein and Fe and has good sensory properties. The experimental design used in the study was Randomized Block Design with 2 factors: type of fortification (F); FeSO4 (F1); NaFeEDTA (F2), and concentration of fortification (K), i.e. 0 ppm (K1); 30 ppm (K2); 45 ppm (K3); 60 ppm (K4); and 75 ppm (K5). The variables observed included water content, Fe content, free fatty acid levels, and peroxide numbers. While sensory properties are texture, fishy smell, metallic taste, and level of preference. The results showed that fortification with 45 ppm FeSO4 was the best treatment that produced biscuits with the best sensory properties. The biscuits have the characteristics of 6.01±0.54% moisture content, 43.69±0.34 ppm db Fe content, 1.17±0.02% free fat acid content, and 9.66±0.76meq O2 / kg peroxide rate. The sensor characteristics are rather crisp texture, less noticeable fishy aroma, less noticeable metal flavor, and rather preferred taste
Pola Perubahan Protein Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens) Selama Fermentasi Tempe Menggunakan Inokulum Raprima
Get PDFTempe is a nutritious healthy food because it contains bioactive compounds that are beneficial to human health. This product is good for those who are vegetarian. During the fermentation process, fungi produce proteases that break down the velvet bean’s proteins into protein fragments or peptides which have functional properties. The fungus strain and the duration of incubation time will affect the bioactive peptides formed. This study aimed to determine the effect of tempe inoculum on changes in peptide concentration and protein patterns during fermentation. The results showed that proteolytic activity increased rapidly at the beginning of tempe fermentation and reached its optimum activity in 96 h fermentation period (0.046 U/mL). The pH of tempe changed from 7.01 then decreased to 5.92 in 30 h incubation, after that it increased again to 7.25 at the end of fermentation time (120 h). Peptide concentration increased with increasing fermentation time. The degree of hydrolysis increased rapidly until 24 h of incubation, then began to be stable until 96 h of incubation (reaching the hydrolysis degree of 46.31%). SDS PAGE patterns showed the formation of proteins/peptides with a molecular weight of <25 kDa as a result of hydrolysis of velvet bean protein during tempe fermentation using Raprima inoculu
Value Chain Analysis on Pigmented Rice: A Case Study in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFWhite rice has become the main source of carbohydrates, but in the last few years, red and black rice are getting more popular. Red and black rice can be an alternative food for people who wish to reduce the risk of diabetics due to its low glycemic index. Pigmented rice demand in Yogyakarta is continuously increasing. However, farmers are reluctant to plant pigmented rice because of their lower yields. Value chain analysis on pigmented rice is performed to provide the condition of the business’ performance for farmers who are not willing to work on pigmented rice yet. The objective of this study was to identify the main activities and to measure the performance of the value chain. The value chain performance was measured by calculating profit, marketing margin, and farmer’s share. In the business of pigmented rice nowadays, there are 5 actors involved, i.e. farmer, farmers group, association of farmers groups, distributor, and retailer. These five actors formed 5 value chains for red rice and 4 value chains for black rice. The main activities were cultivating, cropping, milling, sorting out, packing, and selling. The performance of the pigmented rice was as follows: on the red rice value chain, farmers earned the highest profit in each chain, except on the chain where the association of farmers groups was involved. The largest marketing margin was found on the farmer – association of farmer groups – retailer – end-user consumer chain. On the black rice value chain, farmers earned the highest profit in each chain, except on the chain where the farmers group was involved. The largest marketing margin found on the farmer – farmers group – distributor – retailer – end-user consumer chain. For both the red and the black rice value chain, the farmer’s highest share was obtained on the farmers – distributor – end-user consumer chain
Lotka Volterra Model Simulation for Rice-field Rat and Tyto Alba Owls in Sumpiuh District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java
Get PDFRice-field rat (Rattus argentiventer) is a rodent that has a high level of productivity. These animals attack rice plants from the vegetative to the generative phase. This research aimed to analyze and to predict the accuracy of the use of owls with mathematical equations model in Kebokura and Lebeng villages, Sumpiuh district. Lotka - Volterra and Competitive Lotka-Volterra models were used to predict the population dynamics of Owl (predator) and rice-field rats (prey), then Runge - Kutta numerical method was applied to analyze the population dynamics of predator and prey at a certain time. The results of the analyses using the Lotka – Volterra, Competitive Lotka - Volterra equations and simulation data, each graph data showed that the rats’ population was able to be maximally suppressed. Based on the analysis result, started with 24 owls and 1,689 rats, the rats’ population could be suppressed to 104 using Lotka – Volterra, and to 176 using the Competitive Lotka – Volterra model. Then in the first and second simulation, started with 50 and 100 owls and 1,689 rats, analysis using Lotka – Volterra and Competitive Lotka – Volterra showed that the rat population could be suppressed to as much as 126, 188 and 145, 189, respectively. Based on the analysis, it could be concluded that use of Serak Jawa owl strategy was able to reduce and stabilize the rat populations. Furthermore, the higher population of owls can prevent the population explosion of rats and can suppress the rat population to a lower number
Analisis Proksimat dan Total Serat Pangan pada Crackers Fortifikasi Tepung Tempe dan Koleseom (Talinumtiangulare)
Get PDFKolesom is a vegetable which contains a high dietary fiber content. Tempe is an Indonesian food that contains high protein and can be an alternative protein source. However, both tempe and kolesom haven’t been widely utilized. One way to improve the utilization is by adding kolesom and tempe flour to increase the nutrient content of crackers. Crackers are one type of crunchy-textured biscuits and are often consumed as a snack. The addition of tempe flour and kolesom flour are also expected to increase protein and dietary fiber content of crackers. This research was aimed to determine the best formulation and proximate level of crackers fortified with tempe and kolesom flour. Cracker production began with the manufacture of tempe flour which has a protein content of 49.08% and kolesom flour which has a total dietary fiber content of 19.22%. Determination of the best crackers based on panelists’ preferences was based on organoleptic test. The highest overall percentage of preference was found in F5 crackers (T10% + K2.5g), containing 4.81% moisture content, 2.53% ash content, 18.43% total fat, 11.90% protein, 62.33% total carbohydrate, and total dietary fiber 8.29 %
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Ubi Ungu sebagai Pewarna Merah pada Soft Candy dan Stabilitasnya
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the purple sweet potato pigment extract concentration in soft candy formulation and its stability during storage. The research was conducted in two steps i.e. the addition of purple sweet potato pigment extract concentration in soft candy and of soft candy’s red pigment stability during storage. Firstly, the soft candy formulation was added with the red pigment of purple sweet potato extract in various concentrations, i.e. control (0% extract); 0.25% concentration of the pigment extract; 0.50%; 0.75%; and 1%. Secondly, the stability examination of pigment extract in soft candy was carried out at various storage temperatures: at refrigerator temperature (4 °C); at room temperature (27 ℃); and at 35 °C within the observation period of every 2 days for 14 days. The results showed that soft candy with the purple sweet potato red pigment extract addition of 0.75% concentration gave the highest value on panelists’ acceptance in terms of color, odor, texture, taste and overall acceptance as follows: 6.08 (like); 4.02 (neutral); 5.58 (like); 5.46 (rather like); and 5.92 (like), respectively, with the following levels of anthocyanin, total phenolic and antioxidant activity: 12,74±0,06 mg/100 g; 0,73±0,02 g/100 g and 0,76±0,02 g AAE/100 g, respectively. Stability of soft candy’s red pigment extract during storage at a temperature of 35 °C for 14 days showed a decline in the value of a* (redness), but an increase in the value of b* (yellowness) and the value of L (brightness), as a significant indicator of the purple sweet potato red pigment extract color change on soft candy, meanwhile at refrigerator (4 ℃) and room temperatures (27 ℃) after 14 days observation has not shown the loss or a significant reduction of red pigment color
Simulating Streamflow Through The SWAT Model in The Keduang Sub-Watershed, Wonogiri Regency, Indonesia
Get PDFWater resource modelling has been used to analyze the sustainability of the watershed affected by human activity and natural disasters. The objective of this research was to evaluate the SWAT model and its applicability in the Keduang Sub-Watershed for streamflow prediction, which is part of Bengawan Solo Watershed. A SWAT integrated with Geographic Information Systems (ArcGIS, version 10.4.1) was used to simulate Keduang Sub-Watershed streamflow for the period from 2008 to 2017. Model calibration and validation were performed for monthly and daily periods using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting 2 (SUFI-2) within SWAT-CUP using daily observed streamflow data at the catchment outlet. The results during calibration and validation periods showed that the value of the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), the coefficient of determination (R2), Percent Bias (PBIAS) and Root Mean Square (RSR) had different values for daily and monthly simulation. The calibration and validation outputs for daily and monthly simulation showed a good model performance for discharges. In the daily simulation, the value of NSE, R2, PBIAS and RSR were 0.57; 0.58; -3.4 and 0.67 for calibration periods, whereas in the validation period the values of NSE, R2, PBIAS and RSR were 0.50; 0.51; -10.7 and 0.65, respectively. The monthly simulation had better results than the daily simulation where the value of NSE, R2, PBIAS, RSR were 0.79; 0.81; -6.2 and 0.54 for calibration periods, as well as 0.73; 0.69;-1.9 and 0.71 for validation periods, respectively. Those results indicated that the SWAT model was acceptable for Keduang watershed simulation based on the model performance which was higher than the minimum standard acceptance
Akseptabilitas Es Krim dengan Fortifikasi Mesocarp Lontar (Borassus flabeliffer L.) sebagai Antioksidan dan Serat Pangan Alami
Get PDFLontar palm (Borassus flabeliffer L.) fruit is one of the specific tropical fruits from East Nusa Tenggara province (NTT)-Indonesia that is rich in functional compounds such as beta-carotene as an antioxidant and food fiber. However, the utilization of these fruits is still limited due to the streroidal saponins and pholifenol content that makes them taste bitter and less favored by consumers. Therefore, one alternative that can be done is by enriching them into ice cream products. The production of Ice cream cannot go through with high heating processing so that the antioxidants extracted from lontar palm mesocarp can be in a stable condition. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ice cream on the acceptability values of the hedonic test, determining of fiber and beta-carotene content and evaluating antioxidant activities fortification from the lontar's mesocarp. The amount of lontar mesocarp for fortification (F) were 30%, 40% and 50% of the wet weight with the combination of some variation of milk treatment such as full cream milk, sweetened condensed milk, and liquid soy milk. The acceptability of the product was tested using hedonic test against color, aroma, texture, and flavor parameter. Antioxidant activity was performed by determination of the DPPH value (1.1-diphenyl-2picryhydrazil radical-scavenging), dietary fiber using enzymatic-gravimetric methods and UV-Vis spectrophotometers to analyze the content of beta-carotene. The results showed that on the acceptability test, the most preferred samples valued by panelists were the fortification, F1 treatment (30%) with the content of β-carotene of full cream milk was 2212.44 ± 11.82 μg /100 mg, dietary fiber was 8.95 ± 0.05%, and antioxidant activity was 45.54 ± 0.36%
Analisis Penggunaan Alat Mesin Pertanian Berbasis Traktor Tangan pada Kegiatan Perawatan Budidaya Tebu
Get PDFJava contributes 63.7% of national sugar production, in which 55.6% is produced by the farmer from 312,973 ha of sugarcane area (65.6% of Indonesia’s cane crop area). Farm labor in Java was very limited in the past two decades, so was needed mechanization. Howeveer, the size of agricultural machines were not accordance with the size of land, the limited of spares, and was not optimally managed. This research aimed to calculate operational cost of farm machinery (hand tractor) on the cane cultivation activities up to 6-month cane growth period. This study was carried out at Comal, Center of Java at alluvial land 8 mdpl and at Pasuruan, East Java at alluvial 10 mdpl. From each location, 2 plots of 0.1 ha were observed. The treatments were manual and machine cultivation with 3 replications. The observed agrotechnical parameters were the bud emergence, number of stalk, clump, stalk height and diameter, and operational cost of using machinery. The agrotechnical result using t-test (95% confidence rate) showed no significance among treatments. Other results revealed that using machinery for fertilizing, soil heaping up, and soil moving (gulud) in Pasuruan can substitute manual daily worker (HOK) for 6 HOK, 12 HOK and 20 HOK, respectively, using tractor by 7 hours/day. Meanwhile in Comal, using machinery for fertilizing, soil heaping up, and soil hilling up (gulud) can substitute manual daily worker (HOK) for 9 HOK, 16 HOK, and 20 HOK, respectively. The cost analysis indicated the 35.54% reduction of using machinery compared to the manual expense. This study revealed that the machinery could substitute the manual worker for cane cultivation