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Pengaruh Pasang Surut terhadap Pengendapan Lumpur di Lahan Sawah Rawa Kawasan Sungai Barito Kalimantan Selatan
Get PDFSwamp land has a great potential to be developed as a paddy field area. However it has many constraints such as-phyrite (FeS2) at the depth of 30–60 cm and lack of soil nutrition. On the other hand, supply of marine clay from the sea which contains a lot of smektit clay mineral can be used to netralize this condition. Mud clay is very important for the development of rice root because it contains much nutrition and to enlarge the top of soil reducing the oxidation of phyrite. This study was conducted from January 2016 to June 2017 in swamp land area of Barito River of South Kalimantan. Data was collected by measuring the difference between maximum and minimum sea tide (tidal amplitude) and the deposition of mud clay. The results indicated that the distribution of mud clay deposit vary depends on the geography and the tidal amplitude of the zone. Zone VII has higher concenration of mud clay than the other one. The distribution pattern of mud clay deposit follows the parabola type, verticaly and horizontaly type, as well. Increasing of mud clay at all of the zone areas are not significantly effected by the daily tidal amplitude, only depends on climate condition/the season change
Evaluation of Yield and Yield Components of Two Potato Cultivars in Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran
Get PDFIn order to study the yield and yield components of two potato cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The experiment was performed in two locations, Jolgeh-Rokh district, and Fariman city, in professional farmers’ fields in Khoarasan Razavi province. The main plots consisted of two potato cultivars, Agria and Fontane cultivars (medium maturing), which were identified as the main cultivars used in chips production factories in the Province. Our results showed higher potential of Agria cultivar for production of stems per plant compared to Fontana cultivar. Both stem number and tuber number per plant along with tuber weight and tuber yield were higher in Fariman location than in Jolgeh-Rokh
Efek Antimikroba Kombinasi Nisin dengan Minyak Atsiri Curcuma pada Mikroorganisme Patogen dan Pembusuk Pangan
Get PDFEssential oil and nisin are natural compounds that have antimicrobial activity. Both compounds are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The concentration of essential oil and nisin needed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms can be determined using the microdilution method. The combination of Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma zedoaria (v/v) (0.25%; 0.5%; 1%; 2%; and 4%) with nisin (b/v) (62.5 IU; 125 IU; 250 IU; 500 IU; and 1000 IU) could inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus FNCC 0057, Salmonella typhimurium FNCC 0050, Eschericia coli FNCC 0091, Staphylococcus aureus FNCC 0047, Pseudomonas fluorescens FNCC 0070, and Aspergillus niger FNCC 6080. In higher concentration, several combinations gave bacteriocidal effect on Bacillus cereus FNCC 0057, Salmonella typhimurium FNCC 0050, Eschericia coli FNCC 0091, and Pseudomonas fluorescens FNCC 0070. The combination of nisin with Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Curcuma longa, and Curcuma zedoaria showed synergistic activities in several target microorganisms
Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Black Glutinous Rice Anthocyanin during Fermentation by Pediococcus pentosaceus N11.16
Get PDFAnthocyanin was developed into natural food colorant in microemulsion systems to improve their stability and readiness for food preparation. Anthocyanin has an antioxidant activity. The degradation of anthocyanin into small compound could increase the biological activity. Anthocyanin was extracted from black glutinous rice and prepared using food grade surfactant such as Tween 80, Tween 20, and Span 80. Microemulsion was then added into modified deMann Rogosa Sharp (MRS) medium as much as 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm. Lactic acid bacteria genus Pediococcus pentosaceus N11.16 were grown for 18–24 hours and were used as enzyme producers. This experiment was aimed to determine the stability of anthocyanin in microemulsion systems to enzymatic degradation. The modified MRS medium was added with microemulsion and incubated for 24 h. Phenolic content remained stable during the fermentation process in all treatments, while the highest antioxidant activity was found in the sample with 20 ppm of anthocyanin. Total acid-producing bacteria were also monitored during the incubation and the result showed that there was a decline in their growth. There was a significant change in the antioxidant activity during incubation
Identifikasi Karakteristik dan Faktor Pengaruh pada Berbagai Tipe Longsor
Get PDFLandslide disaster mitigation is necessary in areas vulnerable to this disaster. Banjarnegara is one of the regencies in Central Java Province with high ground movement potential, hence, it is prone to landslides. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and factors that influence the type of landslides in Banjarnegara District. The observation of the research was based on the results of landslide vulnerability analysis. Identification of the landslides characteristics, both in types and factors that influence them, are carried out by a survey method with a purposive random sampling technique by considering the locations that have experienced landslides, and the level of vulnerability to landslides. The survey was conducted using a landslide control card (KKL) which was compiled based on the factors that cause landslides. Scoring was done to determine the determinants of the landslide type quantitatively, on a scale of 1 to 5. The results showed that there were three types of landslides found in the study location, namely rotational slide, creep slide and flows. Factors that influenced rotational slide in the study site were slope, soil depth, faults, and infrastructure, while for creep slide were faults, slope, length of slope, and infrastructure. In addition, flows were affected by faults and infrastructure. The highest KKL value was 77 in the rotation landslide type and the lowest was 51 in the creep landslide type. Rainfall is also a trigger factor for the three types of landslides. It is highly recommended to do technical mitigation by observing the principles of soil and water conservation and high adaptation to the people living in this area.
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy: Prediksi Cepat dan Simultan Kadar Unsur Hara Makro pada Tanah Pertanian
Get PDFPlants need an ideal and healthy soil condition for their growth and a sufficient amount of soil macronutrients. To determine soil nutrients, several methods have been widely employed. Yet, most of them are based on solvent extraction, which is normally time-consuming, requires complicated sample preparation, and sometimes involves chemical materials. Thus, a novel, fast and simultaneous method is required as an alternative method used to predict soil macronutrients in a short period and without involving chemical materials. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be considered for this need, since this method is fast, environmentally friendly, and non-destructive. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to apply an NIRS method to predict soil macronutrients (N, P, and K). The diffuse reflectance spectrum was acquired for soil samples in a wavelength range from 1000–2500 nm. Spectra data were corrected using a smoothing method whilst prediction models were developed using principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLSR). Prediction accuracy and robustness were evaluated using these following statistical indicators: correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSEC) and residual predictive deviation (RPD). The results showed that NIRS was able to predict soil macronutrients simultaneously with a maximum correlation coefficient r = 0.97 for N prediction, r = 0.99 for P prediction, and r = 0.95 for K prediction. Thus, it may be concluded that an NIRS method is feasible to be applied as a novel, reliable and fast method to predict soil macronutrients (N, P, and K) simultaneously
Penerapan Sistem Monitoring Lahan dan Analisa Neraca Air Klimatik Pertanian di Lahan Gambut
Get PDFFarming in peatland can produce a commodity well if it follows the right planting calendar. Microclimate conditions in the peatland cannot yet be measured in real-time within a shorter time interval. Pelalawan, a region where most of its farmers use peatland for oil palm cultivation, need guidance on applying the best method of oil palm cultivation, which is possible to improve. This study aims to apply a telemetric based (field monitoring system) real-time climatic data application to monitor the agricultural field (peatland). Climate data and weather – soil sensors were set up in Pelalawan village from August 18 to November 16, 2018. Besides, the advancement of planting calendar determination method is also done for peatland farming with a climatic water balance analysis. The change in peatland farming has been successfully observed and measured. The changes in the climatic environment can be observed continuously within a time interval of 30 minutes. Sun radiation data show a significant fluctuation shift from day to day. It also occurs for rainfall, temperature and humidity data. Climatic data fluctuation can be monitored directly and continuously with a Field Monitoring System (FMS) application. Water balance for paddy and corn is obtained based on Plant Water Need and Effective Rain. The recommended schedule according to water balance analysis (surplus and deficit) is paddy 1 – corn – paddy 2
Hydrogen and Methane Production Under Conditions of Anaerobic Digestion of Key-Lime and Cabbage Wastes
Get PDFIn this article, the results of key lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia) wastes and cabbage (Brassica L.) wastes anaerobic digestion are presented. Anaerobic digestion of the wastes was performed in batch process, neutral pH (key-lime 7.47 and cabbage 7.67) and substrate concentration of Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS) 10 gVSS/L. One of the aims of this research was to check the availability of these substrates to be the source of methane and hydrogen. Key lime wastes produced 32 times more methane than raw cabbage. However, hydrogen production from cabbage was 149 times higher than key lime. The percentage of methane production in cabbage was up to 81% and in key lime was up to 75%. This research showed from the substrates comparison that efficient hydrogen production is less dependent on low pKa, pH than on total solids of the substrates
Penentuan Pola Tanam Padi dan Jagung Berbasis Neraca Air di Kecamatan Lewa Kabupaten Sumba Timur
Get PDFLewa is one of districts in East Sumba Regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province. It is characterized by dry land, its agriculture depends on rain. The main commodities are Oryza sativa and Zeamays. Due to lack of water, the cropping pattern design is vital. One of methods for designing crroping pattern is water balance analysis. The aim of this study was to understand water balance status and to decide the cropping pattern based of paddy and corn farming in Lewa District. The NRCS Java Newhall Simulation Model (jNSM) was adopted for water balance modeling. The water balance status then was mapped by using the Arc view software for showing total water availability in Lewa district. There were two zones: I (water availability 413 mm/year) and II (water availability: 868 mm/year). Based on the water availability, the zone I could be designed one period a year in rainy season (December-April) with cropping option paddy or corn. While zone II could be planted two times with cropping option corn-paddy or corn-corn