agriTECH
Not a member yet
1394 research outputs found
Sort by
Development Strategy of Red Seaweed Industry (Rhodophyta) in the Poleang Minapolitan Cluster Bombana Regency
Full text linkIndonesia is the world’s largest producer of red seaweed, but its utilization as a source of economic growth is still not optimal, as evidenced by the large amount of exports in raw form, insufficient land utilization, and harvest yields that do not meet standards. This study aims to formulate development strategies for the red seaweed industry in the Poleang sub-district of Bombana Regency through the identification of internal and external conditions. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The analysis used includes descriptive, financial, and SWOT analysis. The results of the study show that the red seaweed industry in Poleang still faces various challenges, such as red seaweed production that does not meet standards, unstable production volumes, seaweed processing plants operating below full capacity, low educational levels among farmers, limited market access and capital resources for farmers, the absence of structured farmer groups, the suboptimal role of financial institutions, climate and weather changes, pests and diseases, and highly volatile seaweed prices. However, there are also significant development opportunities, such as the availability of extensive cultivation areas conducive to seaweed growth, a sufficient labor force, experienced farmers, relatively easy seaweed marketing, simple cultivation techniques, the availability of tissue culture technology and processing industries, profitable cultivation efforts with an RC ratio of 1.94, and the significant potential of the red seaweed market and its processed products both domestically and internationally. Strategies that can be implemented for the development of the red seaweed industry in the Poleang Sub-district cluster of Bombana Regency include optimizing seaweed production through resource optimization, improving productivity and production quality, enhancing the role and functions of institutions, increasing human resource capacity, promoting the use of high-quality seeds, and establishing and strengthening partnership and marketing patterns for seaweed
Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Synthesis of Fructose Oleic Ester using Supersaturated Fructose Solution
Full text linkFructose solubility is one of the major challenges inhibiting enzymatic synthesis of fatty acid sugar ester. Therefore, this study aims to define the optimal parameters for manufacturing fructose oleic ester (FOE) utilizing a supersaturated fructose solution coupled with ultrasound technology. Factors such as esterification time, ultrasound power, and substrate flow rate were evaluated. The reaction was carried out by adding the supersaturated fructose solution and oleic acid to the immobilized lipase in the jacketed fluidized bed reactor equipped with an ultrasound. FOE was evaluated based on ester concentration, ester bond, and emulsification properties. The results showed thatesterification activity of lipase was 36.45±9.95 U/g matrix. Fructose concentration in the supersaturated fructose solution was 12.30±2.33 mg/mL. The optimal parameters for synthesizing FOE were defined at 180 Watt and 0.2 mL/min for 180 min of reaction after one time using a series of esterification apparatus. FOE concentration was 85.13±9.56% and the sample with the best conditions had Rf value of 0.2 to ~0.8, wave absorption band for ester group (C=O) at wavenumber ~1712 cm -1 with a new peak (C-O bond) at 1373 cm -1 , emulsion capacity 99.86±0.01%, emulsion stability of 99.29±0.04%, and droplet size of 1.00 µm with non-uniform droplet size distribution (polydispersity index (PDI)=1.00)
Optimization of Tobacco Waste Extraction using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) to Produce Biopestiside
Full text linkTobacco waste has the same bioactive compounds as tobacco leaves but with lower concentrations such as nicotine, phenolic compounds, aromatic substances, and solanesols. Utilization of tobacco waste that is not optimal can be processed to produce bioactive compounds that are beneficial to the surrounding environment. Tobacco waste can be processed into biopesticides containing nicotine and solanesol which function as antifungals and antioxidants. Tobacco waste was processed using the UAE maceration method using variables of temperature (40-600C), time (15-30 minutes), and type of solvent (acetone, methanol, and 96% ethanol). The results of UAE maceration were processed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) data to determine optimal in yield, antifungal, and antioxidant activity tests. The study produced optimal values in UAE maceration, namely using a temperature of 52.470C, 29.86 minutes, and 96% ethanol solvent with a yield of 9.92%, 97.89% antifungal, and antioxidant activity (IC50) 16.75 ppm
Effect of Withering and Drying Process of Cemara Udang (Casuarina equisetifolia) Leaves to Functional Herbal Tea
Full text linkThe industry is intensively producing health product from herbal plants to combat free radicals and prevent the potential of cancer disease in the body. In Indonesia, Cemara Udang (Casuarina equisetifolia) leaves have been investigated as herbal tea product for antioxidant purposes as a free radical scavenger from various plants. This herbal tea requires significant attention during processing to produce a quality final product. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the effect of setting withering times of 14 and 16 hours, along with a drying temperature of 40 and 50 °C on cemara udang leaves. Product quality was evaluated based on the chemical components and nutritional characteristics of tea, such as moisture content, pH, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and vitamin C, as well as sensory aspects. The evaluation was carried out based on the degree of preference for color, aroma, and taste. Fresh cemara udang samples had 46.57% moisture content, pH 7.05, 131.53 µg/mL IC50 value, 1.53 mg/100 g total phenolic, and 43.46% vitamin C. Based on the degree of preference, color, flavor, and taste hedonic score had 3.11, 2.57, and 1.94 out of 7.00, respectively. Tea of cemara udang that was withered for 16 hours and dried at 50°C showed good quality stability with favorable sensory attributes. This varies significantly compared to the control, with 10.32% moisture content, pH 7.04, 137.94 µg/mL IC50 value, 1.2 mg/100 g total phenolic, and 29.26% vitamin C. Furthermore, color, flavor, and taste hedonic scores had 6.37, 6.03, and 6.27 out of 7.00, respectively
Snacking Habits and Level Acceptance of Freeze-Dried Probiotic Yogurt Snacks by Children
Full text linkStunting in children is a significant problem worldwide, specifically in developing countries. One of the contributing factors to this condition is dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in gut microbiota and is commonly observed in affected patients. To reduce the prevalence of stunting, it is critical to provide products that are rich in protein, calcium, and probiotic. In this context, freeze-dried probiotic yogurt snacks can be used as an effective solution due to their high nutritional value, ability to preserve probiotic cell viability, and extended shelf life. Therefore, this study aims to determine snacking habits and level of acceptance of yogurt snacks among children through a sensory evaluation. The result showed that parents often considered taste, health benefits, and price when purchasing snacks. Meanwhile, children showed a high preference for freeze-dried probiotic yogurt snacks, particularly due to their appealing shape. Panelist parents also considered the products to be necessary, recommended, and an alternative to unhealthy snacks. Therefore, these products may be suitable for upper-middle-class consumers due to their higher prices and will require taste improvement to increase consumer acceptance among children
Valorisation of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Leaf By-product as a Source of Essential Oil
Full text linkThis research aimed to investigate the potential of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaf agricultural by-products as a source of essential oil, and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In this context, the material used was subjected to microwave pre-treatment to enhance the yield. Lemongrass leaf was often discarded as an agricultural by-product. The utilization was examined through different drying methods, including fresh, wilted, and dried treatments. Lemongrass leaf was also treated with microwave (+MV) and non-microwave (-MV) pre-treatments. The essential oils were analysed for physicochemical properties. The chemical composition was determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the tissue microstructure was observed by SEM. Antioxidant activity was measured with the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, while MIC and MBC values were assessed using the microdilution method. The results showed that the distillation of dried leaf with microwave pre-treatment provided the highest oil yield of 0.20%. SEM analysis showed that drying and microwave pre-treatment altered the leaf microstructure, enhanced glandular trichomes, and improved extraction efficiency. The physicochemical properties included a bright yellow colour, a fresh citrus aroma, a specific gravity of 0.971 g/mL, a refractive index of 1.486, and a solubility ratio of 1:3 in alcohol. The main components were citral (geranial (44.07–46.81%), neral (35.64 – 36.60%)), geranyl acetate (2.03–5.66%), isogeranial (1.61–2.57%), isoneral (0.96–1.76%), β-pinene (0.16–3.63%). Lemongrass leaf oil exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 61.65 to 84.5 µg/mL, antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus with MIC of 0.3–1.3% and 0.3–1.8%, as well as an identical MBC value of 0.5–2% for both bacteria. This research showed that essential oil extraction increased the value of lemongrass leaf by-products
Development and Characterization of Nano-fertilizer using Pseudo-Ternary Phase Diagram
Full text linkThis study aims to develop and characterize a nano-fertilizer for foliar application on rock melon (Cucumis melo). The formulation of the nano-fertilizer was based on a ternary phase diagram, which showed the behavior of NPKTE within emulsion components made up of surfactants, oil, and water, with the isotropic region identified as the most stable. In addition, the formulation was prepared using a high-energy emulsification method, consisting of 25.04% Tween 80, 4.36% neem oil, 20.60% water, and 50% NPK-TE. The results showed that the optimized nano-emulsion had a particle size of 92.58 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.156, a zeta potential of -39.8 mV, a surface tension of 40.67 m -1 , and a viscosity of 100.46 mPa s -1 . Morphological analysis of the optimized nano-fertilizer showed spherical particles, showing good stability. The formulation showed no phase separation during the centrifugation test and maintained stability at 3 different temperatures (4, 25, and 54 °C) with turbidity reduction values of 23.18%, 8.65%, and 42.90%, respectively, over a period of 60 days
Determination of Optimum Conditions for Biodiesel Synthesis from Bulk Palm Oil Using Red Mud-CaO Catalyst
Full text linkThe synthesis of biodiesel from bulk palm oil using methanol and a heterogeneous catalyst, red mud-CaO, has been carried out. This research aimed to investigate the effect of the ratio of red mud-CaO, percent catalyst, and reaction time on the conversion of methyl ester. Red mud and CaO catalysts were obtained from calcining red mud and clay bath CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) waste at 200°C and 900 o C for 5 and 4 hours, respectively. Biodiesel synthesis was carried out by adding bulk palm oil:methanol (1:10 v/v) and red mud-CaO heated for 1, 2, and 3 hours at 65 o C. In addition, the reaction was followed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Optimum reaction conditions were obtained at the ratio of red mud-CaO (1:1 w/w), catalyst 5%, and time of 2 hours indicated by the total formation of methyl ester on TLC plate. Meanwhile, red mudCaO (1:1 w/w) catalyst was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine the crystal structure and element composition. The analysis was carried out using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) to determine the functional groups of catalyst. XRD characterization results showed that there were 4 highest peaks, namely 29.29° (CaCO3 ), 33.99° and 17.93° (Ca(OH)2 ), and 11.59° (aluminum silicate mineral). The 4 highest elemental contents were Ca, Fe, Al, and Si. FTIR characterization showed the peak wavenumbers 3641.60 cm -1 (Ca(OH)2 ),1423.47 cm -1 (O-C-O bond of carbonate), 981.77 cm -1 and 986.69 cm -1 (Si-O), 875.68 cm -1 and 713.66 cm -1 (Ca-O), 366.48 cm -1 (Al-O), and 426.27 cm -1 (Fe-O). According to GC-MS analysis, the most formed methyl ester compositions were methyl oleate (47.35%) and methyl palmitate (40.13%)
The Quality Characteristics of Porang Flour Processed By Soaning, Flouring, Sifting, and Blowing Treatment
Full text linkPorang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a raw material for glucomannan flour, which is widely used as a thickener in the food industry. However, the high oxalates in its flour can pose health risks when consumed in excess. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the quality characteristics of porang flour processed through grinding with a hammer and disk mill, followed by polishing, sieving, and air blowing using a cyclone separator. The primary processing stages include the use of hammer and disk mills, a polishing machine, a Tyler sieving machine, as well as a cyclone separator equipped with a blower. The results showed that the quality of porang flour subjected to two polishing treatments produced a specific gravity of 0.559 g/cm 3 . Furthermore, the optimal processing method included hammer milling with a Sanindo polished cycles. This led to the production of porang flour with the lowest calcium oxalate content (0.22%), high glucomannan concentration (31.56%), and high viscosity (14666.7 mPas)
