Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv
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AI:ns roll i klassrummet. En analys av hur lärare argumenterar om AI som en del av undervisningen i skolan
No full textI den här uppsatsen presenteras en kartläggning av vilka teser som drivs i debatten om hur och om AI kan användas i skolan och undervisningen, och vilken typ av argument som använts för att underbygga dessa teser. Det analyserade materialet urgörs av sex artiklar hämtade från facktidningen Vi Lärares webbsida, vilarare.se, och behandlar alla ämnet” AI som en del av undervisningen” på olika sätt. Analysen utgår från de retoriska dimensionerna logos, ethos och pathos, vilka premisser som går att identifiera samt huruvida de argument som används utgörs av sak- eller värdeargument. Syftet med uppsatsen är att generera kunskap och förståelse kring hur verksamma lärare ser på AI i undervisningen, och hur de väljer att argumentera för sina ståndpunkter. De frågeställningar jag har utgått ifrån är:
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Vilka teser läggs fram av lärare i debatten om AI som del av undervisningen, och vilken typ av argument används för att underbygga dessa teser?
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I vilken utsträckning präglas argumentationerna i texterna av de retoriska dimensionerna logos, ethos och pathos?
Undersökningen visar ett övervägande ethos och pathos hos texterna, jämfört med logos. Teserna som presenteras utgörs av såväl sakargument som värdeargument. Att det skulle finnas något samband mellan tesens argumenttyp och vilka argument som sedan används vidare genom texten har jag inte funnit några bevis på. Det går att se en del likheter i valen av argument hos de olika skribenterna, och även om infallsvinklarna skiljer sig åt så tycks den gemensamma ståndpunkten vara att AI kan fungera som ett bra komplement i undervisningen i skolan
Assessment of Knowledge in Scientific Inquiry ”Systematisk undersökning” - Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment and Cognitive Diagnostic Models – will it work?
No full textAim: Teachers working in the Swedish Compulsory School are facing challenges regarding assessment overall and particular in assessing knowledge in Scientific Inuiry (Systematisk undersökning i naturvetenskap). The object of this research project is a quantitative method of assessment called Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment combined with Cognitive Diagnostic Models (CDA/CDM). The aim of the project is to examine if well enough measure regarding reliability of the method, is reachable with sample size originating from an ordinary Swedish classroom. The aim is also to examine what diagnostic information about the students knowledge a teacher might get from a CDA/CDM, in the context of Scientific Inquiry.
Theory: Cognitivism describes learning as constructing structures that in turn impacts our thinking. The structures are unobservable, but we can observe signs of those structures. Knowledge is regarded as a latent variable. We cannot measure knowledge as we can measure shoe size, instead we must measure signs of knowledge. Psychometrics are ways of measure signs of latent variables. Cognitivism interacts with psychometrics in CDA to seek knowledge about a person´s true knowledge.
Method: The aim of this research project is to examine the assessment method CDA/CDM but at the same time CDA/CDM is the method of the project. The CDA/CDM is conducted using the software RStudio with the package ”GDINA”. Both statistics and knowledge in subject matter didactics in science education are used to analyse the results generated in RStudio.
Results: This research project shows that the method CDA/CDM generate well enough measurement regarding model fit and item fit with small samples (as in the classroom) if the actual sample is supplemented with simulated data. The results also indicate that this particular CDA/CDM only can be applied to the group of students, not to the individual student. In regard to this particular CDA/CDM it turned out the students could benefit from education concerning the design of a scientific inquiry (undersökningsdesign) and the concept of researchable question
En undersökning om hur gymnasieelever påverkas av beröm under skapandeprocessen
No full textI denna studie intervjuas gymnasieelever vid estet- och teknikprogrammet om hur de upplever att de påverkas av att få beröm under skapandeprocessen. Syftet med studien är att förstå hur gymnasieelever påverkas av att få beröm under skapandeprocessen. Studien avser även undersöka en hypotes om huruvida utlåtanden i form av beröm är positivt förstärkande. För att svara på det ställs följande frågor:
● Hur beskriver elever att de påverkas av beröm?
● På vilket sätt beskriver elever att beröm påverkar motivationen och lärandet?
● När under skapandeprocessen vill elever få beröm?
I semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer får eleverna besvara frågorna. De berättar då att de påverkas av att få beröm, ibland blir de glada och motiverade, ibland blir de bara irriterade. Studien startar i en behavioristisk ansats och undersöker sig om det är så att beröm är positivt förstärkande. Det enkla svaret på det är ibland, inte alltid. Då de inte upplever den som genuin kan det till och med hämma processen. Eleverna vill ha beröm då de verkligen försöker och då de själva är nöjda. Då vill de gärna få höra att de är bra på det de gör. Studien går därför över i att förstå eleverna med hjälp av socialkonstruktivismen. Utöver beröm nämns även elevernas uppskattning för konstruktiv kritik och vikten av att den kommer tillsammans med beröm
SJUKSKÖTERSKORS UPPLEVELSER AV ATT VÅRDA BARN MED CANCER I PALLIATIVT SKEDE En litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Att vårda barn med cancer i palliativt skede innebär svåra utmaningar för
sjuksköterskor. Sjuksköterskor har ett ansvar att lindra fysiskt och psykiskt lidande och
förmedla tröst och trygghet till barnet och dess familj. Barnkonventionen ligger till grund för
sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete inom palliativ vård som strävar efter att främja barns
livskvalitet och värdighet. Hänsyn måste tas till barnets ålder och mognad, samtidigt som
personcentrerad vård tillämpas i omvårdnadsarbetet. Det kan vara emotionellt krävande att
arbeta inom palliativ vård av barn och det var inte ovanligt att compassion fatigue och
utbrändhet förekom bland sjuksköterskorna. Syfte: Att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser
av att vårda barn med cancersjukdom i behov av palliativ vård i sjukhusmiljö. Metod: En
litteraturöversikt baserat på nio studier med kvalitativ ansats som analyserades utifrån
Fribergs modell för litteraturöversikt av kvalitativ och kvantitativ forskning. Huvudfynd: Tre
teman och åtta subteman identifierades i resultatet. Teman var emotionell påverkan,
arbetsförhållanden och sjuksköterskans roll. Subteman var etiska dilemman, sorg, positiva
erfarenheter, utbildning, erfarenhet, brister i organisationen, kommunikation och stöd till
sjuksköterskor. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskor upplevde både svåra utmaningar och positiva
upplevelser med att vårda barn med cancer i behov av palliativ vård. Brist på utbildning och
kommunikationssvårigheter gav upphov till känslor som ångest och hjälplöshet.
Sjuksköterskorna belyste vikten av stöd för att undvika att drabbas av långvarig stress och
compassion fatigue
The South in the North: Raciolinguistic Perspectives on Family Language Policy in Sweden
No full textThe thesis examines the FLP-making practices and multilingual familial experiences of
some Southern migrant families in Sweden. Specifically, the thesis investigates (1) children’s
voices and perspectives on their multilingual repertoire and multilingual familial experiences;
(2) how family members experience the interplay between the majority and minority
languages in their daily familial interactions, and (3) how individual FLP decisions
and practices interact with the broader language-related discourses and ideologies in the
majority society. The thesis employs multipronged methodological approaches, including
language portrait methods of body mapping, space-mapping, post-mapping narration,
semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and media text analysis. The thesis
is based on three articles, and the analysis draws on a multi-layered framework, which
brings notions and approaches from different analytical traditions, such as child agency,
language ideology, raciolinguistic ideologies and raciolinguistic perspectives, and critical
discourse analysis, into productive dialogue. The results indicate that FLP experiences
are filled with ambivalence and language choice dilemmas, influenced by both family-internal
factors (such as family constellation, language proficiency asymmetry, competing
linguistic demands and interests, and child agency), and also by family-external factors,
namely racialized perceptions of languages and standard language ideology that appear
to be internalized and enacted by family members, which affect their FLP decisions and
language use practices. Overall, the results reveal that the process of language socialization
in minority languages is not merely a matter of a private FLP decision that can be practiced
based on individual dispositions and beliefs; rather, it appears to be shaped, in part,
by prevailing language ideologies and identity-related discourses in society. This could be
because communicative practice in a minority language is not only a means of fostering
identity expression and continuity in the heritage language and culture, but also a linguistic
practice contributing to the social positioning of otherness. Ultimately, the theoretical
argument of the thesis is that understanding the FLP experience of Southern families in
the Global North needs critical and social justice lenses since they are situated in a context
where their racial and linguistic identities come into play against the monoracial culture
of a monoglossic standard
Climate Shocks, Gender, and Incumbency Punishment
No full textDo voters punish women incumbents more harshly than men during environmental disasters? Crises can
exacerbate gender biases that lead voters to prefer masculine leadership, and these biases may make voters
evaluate female incumbents’ performances during climate-related disasters more harshly. We test this
argument in the context of South Africa, focusing on droughts – a salient crisis that informs voters about
incumbents’ competence through their response. We complement a vignette experiment on incumbent
gender and drought response with real-world geo-located data on drought onset, disaster declarations, and
electoral results. We find consistent evidence that women incumbents receive greater electoral benefits than
men when they provide drought relief, yet they receive a greater punishment when they fail to secure relief.
Exploration of mechanisms highlights perceptions of male leaders’ involvement in stealing drought relief
funds. These findings have implications for women’s representation, especially considering climate change
where droughts are becoming more common and severe
Caring Under Constraints; A qualitative case study on health-seeking behaviour and the role of antibiotics among parents and caregivers in response to childhood illness in Nậm Ty, Vietnam
No full textThis qualitative case study explores the health-seeking behaviours (HSB) of parents and
caregivers responding to childhood illness in Nậm Ty, a remote, rural commune in Vietnam’s
northern highlands, focusing particularly on the role of antibiotics. Recognising antibiotic
resistance (ABR) as a major global health threat that disproportionately affects vulnerable
communities in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), the study uses HSB as its analytical
lens and the Social Ecological Model (SEM) as a structural framework to explore how contextual
factors interplay to shape behaviour. Drawing on Traditional Knowledge and the Principle of
Subsidiarity, it centers participants' perspectives and experiences. Empirical data were gathered
through 24 semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and a Participatory Rural
Appraisal (PRA) matrix-ranking exercise with ten caregivers. Findings reveal diverse, pragmatic
HSB navigating traditional medicine, formal healthcare, and biomedicine, often based on
perceived severity, past experience, and cultural beliefs. Limited trust in the communal health
station (CHS) due to perceived resource constraints and frequent referrals drive many to private
and informal suppliers. National policies on prescription-only antibiotics and ABR awareness
campaigns are not meaningfully trickled down to the community level. The study concluded that
HSB and antibiotic use (ABU) are complex, non-linear processes shaped by factors across all
SEM levels. Effective interventions tackling ABR must be context-sensitive, culturally informed,
engage communities, and address systemic constraints, rather than solely focusing on individual
behaviour
Exploring the role of co-driver mutations in cancer: Implications for precision medicine
No full textCancer develops through driver mutations, genetic alterations that promote tumor initiation and growth. However, additional co-driver mutations can profoundly modify tumor behavior, metabolism, and therapy response. This thesis investigates the role of co-driver mutations in cancer and their impact on tumor biology, progression, and metabolic vulnerabilities. Using genetically engineered mouse models, patient-derived xenografts, and human cancer datasets, the studies examine how specific combinations of genetic alterations shape tumor behavior in lung adenocarcinoma, thyroid squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Paper I showed that p53 deficiency is required for KEAP1-mediated metabolic rewiring and glutaminase dependency in KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma. Paper II demonstrated that physiological aging promotes lung cancer metastasis in KRAS-p53 mutated lung cancer through altered tumor metabolism. Paper III identified metabolic vulnerabilities in thyroid squamous cell carcinoma with NRF2 activation, showing that glutaminase inhibition suppresses tumor growth and induces squamous differentiation. Paper IV reveals that partial versus complete Keap1 loss differentially cooperates with BRAFV600E in lung adenocarcinoma, but not melanoma, emphasizing tissue- and dose-dependent effects of Keap1 disruption. Paper V shows that allelic imbalance of BRAFV600E amplifies MAPK signaling and tumor aggressiveness in lung adenocarcinoma, an effect further enhanced by p53 loss, identifying allelic imbalance as a key determinant of tumor progression.
Collectively, these studies demonstrate that cancer evolution and therapy response cannot be understood by single mutations alone. Co-driver mutations, allelic imbalances, and physiological factors such as aging profoundly influence cancer progression, metabolic state, and therapeutic vulnerabilities. These findings provide mechanistic insight into tumor heterogeneity and highlight the importance of integrating primary oncogenic drivers with co-occurring mutations to inform precision medicine strategies
Board tenure and firm risk
No full textMSc in Accounting and Financial ManagementWe examine how board tenure affects firm risk among publicly listed European firms. Drawing on agency theory and resource dependence theory, we argue that director tenure is a double edged sword, while longer tenure enhances board monitoring through increased firm specific knowledge and stability, excessively long tenure may reduce independence and board effectiveness. Using panel data from STOXX Europe 600 firms between 2010 and 2023, we find that longer board tenure is associated with lower firm risk, as measured by stock return volatility. However, this relationship is non-linear, its marginal benefit diminishes over time. Moreover, the risk reducing effect of tenure is significantly more pronounced in firms facing high information complexity, shown by analyst forecast dispersion. These results hold up well to various model specifications., including fixed effects and instrumental variable regressions to address endogeneity concerns. Our results contribute to the literature on board structure and corporate risk taking by highlighting how the governance value of board tenure depends not only on its length but also on contextual factors such as information transparency. This study offers insights into optimal board length and the need for balanced tenure to sustain effective risk oversight
Can machines write opinion pieces like humans? A corpus-based analysis of modal verbs and personal pronouns in author-written and GPT4 generated op-eds
No full textThe rapid development of AI-generated text, in common usage and model performance, raises concerns about how convincingly it can mimic human writing, making it increasingly difficult to distinguish AI text. This study addresses the issue by examining opinion editorials (op-eds), a first-person genre that allows authors to express opinions and persuade readers.
Two corpora were compiled: 100 human-written op-eds from UK newspapers and 100 GPT4 op-eds, generated for this study, with texts of 500 to 1000 words. Corpus-assisted discourse analysis was employed, guided by Systemic Functional Linguistics, in the selection of analysis features. Frequency and concordance searches of personal pronouns and modal verbs were conducted and followed by discourse analysis on common pronoun + modal verb bigrams.
The analysis revealed systematic differences. Human authors used I and you more than twice as often as GPT4, creating a more personal and narrative style. Whilst GPT4 relied heavily on inclusive first-person plural, especially we in repetitive, rhetorical patterns. Modal verbs also diverged: humans favoured will and would, whereas GPT4 more frequently employed can, might, and must. A novel finding was GPT4’s standardised sequencing of bigrams such as can + we interrogatives and repeated end-loaded we must, indicating standardised logogenetic structures which were absent in the human texts. In the human corpus, idiolectal patterns were revealed, as well as a greater register variation of op-ed writing.
Overall, the study highlights the importance of register and genre awareness in distinguishing AI from human-authored texts and reaffirms the value of function words (personal pronouns and modal verbs) in authorship analysis and AI classification