Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv
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LIVETS RYTM EFTER HJÄRTBYTE En litteraturöversikt om hälsorelaterad livskvalitet efter hjärttransplantation
No full textBakgrund: Hjärttransplantation är en effektiv behandling för personer som har avancerad
hjärtsvikt. Trots att hjärttransplantation förväntas bidra med en förbättrad hälsorelaterad
livskvalitet, tillkommer det olika utmaningar; psykiska, fysiska och sociala. Dessa
utmaningar är något som måste arbetas med kontinuerligt för att uppnå en god hälsorelaterad
livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos personer som
genomgått hjärttransplantation. Metod: Examensarbetet genomfördes som en
litteraturöversikt baserad på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ
design. Datainsamlingen utfördes genom systematiska sökningar i databaserna PubMed och
CINAHL. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades med hjälp av SBU: s granskningsmallar. Resultat:
Tre huvudteman identifierades: psykisk livskvalitet, fysisk livskvalitet och social livskvalitet.
Resultaten visade att dessa tre olika faktorer samverkade och påverkade i hög grad personens
upplevelse av hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Genom att arbeta med dessa tillsammans med
personerna vilka genomgått hjärttransplantation kunde hälsorelaterad livskvalitet främjas.
Slutsats: Hälsorelaterad livskvalitet efter hjärttransplantation är mångfacetterad.
Sjuksköterskans roll är att stötta personer som genomgått hjärttransplantation genom ett
personcentrerat förhållningssätt där känsla av sammanhang, KASAM, kan användas som
teoretisk grund för att främja begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet
Unveiling pesticide effects and antibiotic resistance in freshwater microorganisms through genomics.
No full textA large proportion of the rivers worldwide are impacted by human activities and pollution. Freshwater microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi are crucial for nutrient cycling and primary production. Chemical pollution can alter aquatic microorganisms at both cellular and community-levels, sometimes leading to acclimation or adaptation responses.
Antibiotic resistance is the mechanism by which bacteria increase their tolerance towards antibiotic exposure. The rapid increase of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria during the last decades has become a major global health problem. River sediments, can act as reservoirs of ARGs that persist and spread in the environment.
The four papers in this thesis investigate how freshwater microorganisms respond and acclimate to pesticides at both cellular and community levels and explore the presence and characteristics of ARGs in a high-flow Scandinavian river. Altogether, this thesis combines single-organism and community approaches in laboratory and field settings, integrating metagenomics, transcriptomic, phenotypic, and chemical profiling tools.
Paper I showed that the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata acclimated within four weeks to toxic but environmental levels of the herbicide diflufenican. This acclimation was accompanied by fitness trade-offs. Acclimated cells were smaller and overexpressed stress-related genes, such as genes related to DNA repair and replication, and cellular division. Paper II demonstrated that aquatic biofilms exposed to environmental levels of the fungicide tebuconazole exhibited a reduction in fungal biomass, while algae and bacteria were unaffected. As a response to tebuconazole, the fungal community composition shifted. Moreover, biofilms also partly degraded tebuconazole, releasing unknown transformation products, suggesting a potential acclimation or adaptation mechanism. In paper III, a field ecotoxicological assessment was performed using periphyton. A reduction in algal species richness was observed, accompanied by changes in community composition in periphyton of agricultural streams, compared to non-agricultural streams. Agricultural streams had a higher pesticide mixture toxic pressure, and green algae (Chlorophyta), decreased in relative abundance in the agricultural streams, while opportunistic cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteriota) increased, likely replacing them. Paper IV characterized the sediment resistome of the Göta Älv river and examined the potential influence of WWTP effluents as sources of antimicrobials and ARGs. ARGs were found to accumulate downstream, with distinct resistome composition and taxonomic diversity compared to the upstream sites.
Overall, this thesis investigates how human activities influence freshwater microorganisms using high-throughput molecular methods. The studies reveal molecular mechanisms, cellular responses, community shifts, and ecologically or clinically relevant genes in freshwater microbial communities resulting from pesticide exposure as well as agricultural and urban activities
Hållbara Pakettransportsstrategier i Urbana Miljöer – En jämförelse mellan stora och små logistikföretag
No full textDetta kandidatarbete undersöker hur hållbara logistikstrategier används och implementeras av stora respektive små logistikföretag inom paketleveranser i urbana miljöer. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka likheter och skillnader mellan stora och små logistikföretag gällande paketleveranser från E-handlare till slutkund. Vilka hållbara logistikstrategier som till exempel hållbara fordonsval och ruttoptimering som används för att förbättra hållbarheten hos pakettransporterna och hur dessa implementeras i Göteborg under last mile kommer att undersökas. Arbetet kommer även att undersöka hur förutsättningarna för att förbättra pakettransporters hållbarhet skiljer sig mellan större och små logistikföretag.
Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod i form av fallstudier av 6 företag: de större företagen PostNord, DHL, DB Schenker och de mindre Budbee, CityMail, Early Bird. Datainsamlingen utgick från öppet tillgängligt material på företagens webbplatser. Analysen fokuserar på strategier såsom hållbara fordonsval, ruttoptimering, digitala verktyg samt användningen av centraliserade upphämtningspunkter (CDP), som paketskåp och uthämtningsställen.
Resultatet visar att både de större och mindre företagen tillämpar liknande hållbarhetsstrategier, men att implementeringen skiljer sig. PostNord arbetar med en bred fordonsflotta och successiv elektrifiering. Budbee, å andra sidan, arbetar mer nischat i urbana områden med full digitalisering och innovativ teknik såsom AI-baserad ruttoptimering
ATT BILDA I MOTVIND. Vad som står på spel för studieförbunden i Göteborg på grund av nedskärningarna
No full textThis thesis explores what is at stake for the study associations, popular adult education, and ultimately democracy, due to funding cuts, according to the study associations’ branches in Gothenburg. The thesis investigates this by analyzing their reactions to the changes brought about by the cuts in government funding between 2024 and 2026. The study is guided by three research questions, which were answered through eight interviews with nine informants from the study associations’ branches in Gothenburg. The interview material was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis grounded in three theoretical entry points: popular adult education as a counter-hegemonic practice, spatial aspects of democracy, and shaping hope rather than wishful thinking. The results of the analysis are that the study associations’ work for social change is more indirect than direct, and to some extent they form a counter-hegemonic practice against the funding cuts. They see themselves as part of the public space in Gothenburg and argue that the funding cuts make it difficult for the study associations to be visible and take up space in the city. They primarily respond to the funding cuts with an active hope and they strive to adopt a constructive hope that blends optimism and pessimism, which also allows them some time for dealing with emotions. In the concluding discussion, the thesis argues that the study associations, popular adult education and, in the long run, democracy, are gradually being diminished due to the funding cuts undermining the work of the study associations. It also concludes that the relationship between the study associations and the state has become more unstable, and that the significance of popular adult education is being debated and renegotiated in light of the consequences of these funding cuts
Sjuksköterskan i det digitala vårdmötet: Erfarenheter från primärvården En allmän litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Digitala vårdmöten har blivit en alltmer integrerad del av primärvården, vilket har förändrat sjuksköterskans arbetsuppgifter och interaktionen mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Trots denna utveckling finns det brist på en övergripande förståelse för sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av digitala vårdmöten. Syfte: Att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser av digitala vårdmöten med patienter inom primärvården efter covid-19 pandemins start. Metod: En litteraturöversikt genomfördes baserade på nio vetenskapliga artiklar, vilket består av sju kvalitativa, en kvalitativ och en mixed method. Sökningar genomfördes i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och Scopus, med stöd av SPICE-modellen. Artiklarna har kvalitet granskats med Olsson och Sörensens (2021) bedömningsmallar. Analysen följde Fribergs (2022) modell för litteraturbaserad
analys. Resultat: Analysen identifierade fyra teman och åtta underteman som belyser sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av digitala vårdmöten. Dessa omfattade både fördelar, såsom ökad tillgänglighet, flexibilitet och effektivitet, och utmaningar kopplade till kommunikation, teknik, arbetsbelastning samt upprätthållandet av relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Slutsats: Digitala vårdmöten skapar nya möjligheter för omvårdnadspraxis men medför också utmaningar som kan påverka vårdkvalitet och den professionella rollen. En djupare förståelse för sjuksköterskors erfarenheter kan stödja den fortsatta utvecklingen av säker, personcentrerad digital vård
To Buy or not to Buy? How GenAI Transforms Consumer Decision-Making in Online Consumption
No full textMSc in Marketing and ConsumptionAs generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools become increasingly integrated into everyday digital experiences, their role in consumer decision-making demands closer investigation. This thesis explores how GenAI influences the online consumer journey through the lens of the Engel-Blackwell-Miniard (EBM) model. Using qualitative interviews with consumers who regularly interact with GenAI in shopping contexts, the study examines each stage of the decision-making process, from need recognition to post-purchase and divestment. Findings suggest that GenAI significantly impacts early-stage behaviors by simplifying information search and structuring product comparisons. In the purchase decision stage, participants treated GenAI as an advisor rather than a final decision-maker, often relying on it more heavily when product knowledge was low or the perceived risk was minimal. Post-purchase, GenAI supported troubleshooting, feature discovery, and product evaluation, though traditional sources like manuals and peer reviews still played a dominant role. The study extends existing literature by highlighting how GenAI influences not only the pre-purchase stage but also post-purchase behavior, areas often overlooked in prior research. The findings offer theoretical contributions to the EBM framework and present practical implications for marketers seeking to align with evolving consumer habits shaped by GenAI technologies
Infant gut microbiota and allergy development in children from farming families - the FARMFLORA cohort
No full textAllergies have increased in industrialized countries, including Sweden, especially in the 1970´s to 1990´s. An increasingly hygienic lifestyle with less exposure to bacteria and other microbes has been suggested as a contributing factor, based e.g. on epidemiological studies linking factors associated with increased microbial exposure, like farm living, older siblings or pets, to protection from later allergy. Microbial exposure in early life may stimulate the developing immune system in a way that promotes the maturation of tolerance mechanisms that prevent allergy. The gut microbiota is an important stimulus for the immune system, and its composition and development may have implications for later allergy. Here, we followed the gut colonization pattern by quantitative culture of fecal samples obtained over the first 18 months of life in the FARMFLORA birth cohort, consisting of children living on small dairy farms or in the same rural area but not on farms, in Southwest Sweden. Major facultative and anaerobic bacteria were identified, and we also studied the lactobacillus flora in more detail. The maturation of the gut microbiota was mirrored in an increasing ratio of anaerobic to facultative bacterial counts with increasing age. Colonization patterns were related to farm living, pet exposure, siblings and other exposures, and to allergy at 3 or 8 years of age. A farming environment was associated with an increased ratio of anaerobic to facultative bacteria in feces at 1 week of age and lower number of E. coli, indicating early acquisition of anaerobes able to suppress facultative bacteria. Farmers’ infants also harbored Clostridioides difficile less frequently by 1 year of age, indicating a more mature gut microbiota able to suppress this bacterium. Contact with household pets was associated with more frequent colonization by several anaerobic bacteria early in life. Being firstborn, delivered by cesarian section or exposed to antibiotics during delivery were associated with delayed colonization by typical fecal bacteria, higher numbers of facultative bacteria in the early gut microbiota, and less colonization by certain species of lactobacilli. Firstborn infants showed signs of delayed gut microbiota maturation, with increased colonization by C. difficile and a low ratio of anaerobic to facultative bacterial counts in the gut microbiota by one year of age. Allergy was negatively associated with a high ratio of anaerobic to facultative bacteria in feces and colonization by anaerobic bacteria early in life, and with several species of lactobacilli. Colonization by C. difficile was instead associated with an increased risk of allergy. Taken together, our findings suggest that farm living and household pets, but also older siblings have an impact on the early gut microbiota. The effects of these exposures on the gut microbiota may contribute to their protective effect against allergy development, but further studies are needed to confirm the observations made in this small birth cohort study
Machine Learning on the football field: Predicting match performance through GPS data
No full textThis master thesis evaluates machine learning models for predicting football match performance from GPS-based practice data. The growing use of GPS-based wearable tracking in professional football underscores the need for approaches that transform large datasets into practical insights for teams, while also contributing new methods and strategies to the scientific literature. Random Forests (RF), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are tested on targets representing aerobic capacity (endurance in sustained activity), anaerobic capacity (ability to perform high-intensity efforts without oxygen), and explosiveness (short bursts of speed and power), using both non-overlapping rolling and adaptive feature windows. Three prediction strategies are compared: row-to-row, where each input window is paired with its corresponding target window; all-input-to-row, where the entire input sequence is used to predict each target row independently; and all-inputplus- previous-row to-row, which extends the second strategy by incorporating the previous target as an additional input. The results show that all models outperform linear regression in the last two strategies, with RF performing best for aerobic and anaerobic metrics and CNN and RNN for explosiveness. RF also provides feature importance scores, indicating that linear acceleration from the practice day immediately preceding the match is the strongest predictor. Angular velocity and angular jerk from the fourth and third practice days before the match also emerge as key factors, suggesting that strenuous training loads in the days leading up to competition may play a decisive role in match performance. CNN and RNN, in contrast, function as black-box models and do not directly provide interpretable insights into the relative importance of input features. Regarding windowing techniques, adaptive windowing reduces the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), which highlights a possible gain from moving into this approach for sport analysis. These findings offer practical insights for sports training and show how machine learning can turn wearable sensor data into useful performance metrics
Representation av religion i religionskunskap nivå 1 Hur och med vad representeras religioner i läromedel?
No full textThe purpose of this research was to analyze how religion were represented in Swedish RE textbooks with regards to revised textbooks being released due to the new curriculum Gy25. The content of the textbooks were analyzed with the help of the interpretive approach, specifically the levels of representation, the seven dimensions of lived religion and the spatial categories ”here, there and anywhere”. The most important findings were that textbooks revised for Gy25 were severely lacking in representations of different levels. Some dimensions of lived religion were more prevelant than others and it differed which were more prevelant than others depending on the specific religion. The content often lacked a connection to a spatial dimension and in the cases it did have one, the spatial category there dominated. The conclusion was that there is more to be desired by RE textbooks