Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
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Pengkajian Penerapan Teknologi Pengolahan Manisan Mangga Kering di Kabupaten Indramayu
No full textAssessment on Determinant Factors of Innovation Adoption for Integrated Crop management on Rice through Integrated Crop Management-Farmer School. In order to increase national rice production, the government through the Ministry of Agriculture launched a policy of accelerated ICM in rice production centers.To support these policies, this study aims to find the determinants factors of ICM adoption by farmers, as well as the characteristics of the farmers. The data was collected through direct interviews to farmers implementing ICM in eight regions of AIAT executing of ICM-FS, with the number of respondents in each region were 10 rice farmers implementing ICM and 10 non-executing ICM farmers, hence the number of respondents were 80 ricefarmers implementing ICM and 80 non-executing ICM farmers. The results of the analysis indicated that the acceleration of innovation adoption were determined ICM by farmers include age, education level of farmers, farm costs as well as the ratio of extension worker number to researcher number in AIAT. Its means that the opportunities of ICM adoption were higher when the farmers are relatively young and the level of educations were high. The ICM-FS method of could increased the productivity up to 17% or by 0,7 t/ha compared to the existing conditions.Key Words: rice, adoption, and productivity, ICM FS Dalam rangka peningkatan produksi padi nasional, pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pertanian cepatan penerapan inovasi PTT padi terutama pada sentra produksi padi. Untuk mendukung kebijakan tersebut, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penentu adopsi inovasi PTT padi, dan hubungannya dengan karakteristik petani adopter. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terhadap petani peserta PTT padi di delapan wilayah BPTP peserta SL-PTT, dengan jumlah responden per wilayah adalah 10 petani peserta PTT padi dan 10 petani non peserta PTT padi, sehingga total responden 80 petani peserta PTT dan 80 petani non peserta PTT. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa ; faktor penentu percepatan adopsi inovasi PTT padi di antaranya adalah umur, tingkat pendidikan petani, biaya usahatani serta jumlah penyuluh dan peneliti di BPTP. Artinya peluang adopsi teknologi PTT makin tinggi apabila kelompok pelaksana SL adalah yangumurnya relatif muda dengan tingkat pendidikan relatif lebih tinggi dari rata-rata pendidikan anggota kelompok taninya. Metoda SL dapat meningkatkan produktivitas 17% atau 0,7 t/ha dari produktivitas yang dicapai petani selama ini.Kata Kunci : padi, adopsi, produktivitas, SL-PT
PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK DAN PENJARANGAN BUAH TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS SALAK GULA PASIR
Full text linkABSTRACT The Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Fruit Thinning on the Productivity of Balinese Snake-Fruit. The study aims to determine Knowing the effect of organic fertilizers to increase productivity and fruit thinning to improving the quality (grade) of fruits sugar, analyze farming application of organic fertilizers and fruit thinning, performance Gapoktan and income of rice farming for the recipient PUAP, as well as production problems bark sugar among others, the management of particular plants fertilization and thinning fruit that has not been applied properly, so the productivity is low.Study of fertilizing and fruit thinning was conducted in farmers group “Amerta Pala” in Pajahan village, Pupuan District, Tabanan-Bali. The study used productive plant aged 5-7 years. The reseach used a factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the dose of manure: PK0: without fertilizing, PK1: 5 kg of manure/plant, PK2: 10 kg of manure/plant and PK3: 15 kg of manure/plant. The second factor is fruit thinning: PB0: no thinning, PB1: thinning 10% in a bunch, PB2: thinning 20% in abunch and PB3: thinning 30% in a bunch. The results showed that there is no interaction between fertilizer and fruit thinning. Increasing doses of manure up to 10 kg/plant increased the productivity. Increasing fruit thinning to 30% in a bunch was followed by decreasing fruit harvested per plant and increasing a weight per fruit at the peak harvest and at the first interval of harvest. Increasing doses of manure up to 10 kg/plant increased farm profits, however, the profit could decline at a dose of 15 kg/plant. Nevertheless, an increase in fruit thinning up to 30% in a bunch would increase the profit. An increase in the dose of organic fertilizer could improve the soil’s chemical properties (organic-C and total-N) but that was not followed by an increase in the physical properties of the soil. Keywords: Cow manure, fruit thinning, productivity, balinese snake-fruit ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui Mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan organik terhadap peningkatan Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui Mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan organik terhadap peningkatan produktivitas dan pengaruh penjarangan buah terhadap peningkatan kualitas (grade) buah salak gula pasir; menganalisis usahatani penerapan pemupukan organik dan penjarangan buah, kinerja Gapoktan, pendapatan usahatani padi bagi penerima PUAP, dan serta permasalahan produksi salak gula pasir antara lain manajemen pengelolaan tanaman khususnya pemupukan dan penjarangan buah yang belum diterapkan secara baik, sehingga produktivitasnya rendah.Kajian pemupukan dan penjarangan buah salak gula pasir ini dilakukan di Kelompok Amerta Pala Desa Pajahan Kecamatan Pupuan, Kabupaten Tabanan. Kajian dilakukan pada tanaman salak yang telah berproduksi (umur 5-7 tahun).Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama dosis pupuk kandang sapi yaitu: Pk0: tanpa pemupukan, Pk1: 5 kg pupuk kandang/tanaman, Pk2 : 10 kg pupuk kandang/tanaman dan Pk3: 15 kg pupuk kandang/tanaman. Faktor kedua penjarangan buah yaitu: Pb0: tanpa penjarangan, Pb1: Penjarangan 10% dalam satu tandan, Pb2: Penjarangan 20% dalam satu tandan dan Pb3: Penjarangan 30% dalam satu tandan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak terjadi interaksi antara perlakuan dosis pupuk kadang sapi dan penjarangan buah.Peningkatan dosis pupuk kandang sapi sampai 10 kg/tanaman meningkatkan produktivitas salak gula pasir. Peningkatan penjarangan buah sampai 30% dalam satu tandan tidak menurunkan hasil tanaman. Peningkatan penjarangan buah sampai 30% dalam satu tandan diikuti oleh penurunan jumlah buah panen per tanaman dan peningkatan berat per buah pada panen raya dan sela I. Peningkatan dosis pupuk kandang sapi sampai 10 kg/tanaman meningkatkan keuntungan usahatani, namun terjadi penurunan keuntungan pada dosis 15 kg/tanaman, akan tetapi peningkatan penjarangan buah sampai 30% dalam satu tandan diikuti oleh peningkatan keuntungan usahatani. Terjadi peningkatan sifat kimia tanah (C-organik dan N-total tanah) akibat peningkatan dosis pemupukan organik yang diberikan, namun tidak diikuti oleh peningkatan sifat fisik tanah. Kata kunci: pupuk kandang sapi, penjarangan buah, produktivitas, salak gula pasi
ANALISIS USAHATANI KAKAO RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN SOLOK SUMATERA BARAT
Full text linkABSTRACT Analysis of Cocoa Small-Farming in Solok District, West Sumatera Province. Solok District is one of the districts that promote the development of cacao plantation in West Sumatera. The development of cacao plantation is physically conducive, however economically is questionable because the existence of other competitive commodities. The objective of the assessment was to analyze the farming systems feasibility as the basis for further development of cacao plantation in West Sumatera. A survey was conducted with 30 farmer’s respondents by purposive method in Solok District West Sumatra 2012. The data collection consisted of quantity and value of input-output of cacao farming and cost and revenue components. Data was analyzed using the criteria of financially feasible infestation with parameters Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C); Net Present Value (NPV); internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Pay Back Period (PBP). The financial analysis gather in 20 year, at discount factor (DF) 12% indicated the B/C 1.649; NPV IDR37,889,134; IRR 30.16%; and PBP at year 5th to 6th. The results from sensitivity analysis, with the cost of production increased by 25%, and the benefit increased by 10% cocoa farming was financially feasible, that shown by the indicator of B/C value for 1.452; NPV IDR32,930,170; IRR 26.10% which was more than the rate for commercial level. To improve the competitive of cacao in West Sumatera, there is a need the application of good farming practice which includes the use of high yield varieties, integrated pest and disease protection, fertilizer, and topping technologies. In addition, the efforts should be followed by the improvement of skill and knowledge of farmers involved in cacao farming.Keywords: Cacao, cultural practices, financial analysisABSTRAK Kabupaten Solok merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil kakao di Sumatera Barat. Secara fisik perkembangan kakao di Sumatera Barat menunjukkan keragaan yang relatif baik, namun dari sisi ekonomi masih dipertanyakan karena adanya komoditi alternatif yang menjadi pesaing. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan finansial usahatani kakao, sebagai dasar pertimbangan untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut di Sumatera Barat. Survai dilakukan terhadap 30 orang petani kakao yang ditentukan secara sengaja sebagai responden. Pengkajian dilakukan di Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat tahun 2012. Data yang dikumpulkan mencakup komponen budidaya, kuantitas dan nilai masukan-hasil usahatani kakao, serta komponen biaya dan penerimaan. Analisis data menggunakan kriteria kelayakan investasi secara finansial, dengan parameter B/C; NPV; IRR dan PBP. Hasil analisis selama 20 tahun pada tingkat discound factor 12% menunjukkan bahwa investasi dinilai layak secara finansial yang ditunjukkan nilai B/C sebesar 1.649; NPV Rp37.889.133,72; IRR 30,16%; dan PBP jatuh pada tahun ke 5-6. Hasil analisis sensitivitas, dengan kenaikan biaya produksi 25% dan penerimaan naik 10% usahatani kakao secara finansial masih layak, ditunjukkan oleh indikator B/C 1,452; NPV Rp32.930.169,58; IRR 26,10% lebih besar dari suku bunga komersial (12%). Untuk meningkatkan daya saing kakao di Sumatera Barat diperlukan perbaikan teknologi budidaya yang tepat, meliputi penggunaan klon unggul, pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT), pemupukan, dan pemangkasan. Disamping itu, upaya tersebut perlu diikuti dengan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani sebagai pengelola usahatani kakao.Kata kunci: Kakao, keragaan budidaya, analisis finansia
PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN DAN KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL PADI DI LAHAN SAWAH BUKAAN BARU DENGAN BERBAGAI PEMUPUKAN DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Full text linkThe Study of Productivity and Feasibility of Rice in New Opened Wetland Based on Several Types of Fertilizers. Soil fertility of new wetland field in South Sulawesi is generally low and variated, so that fertilization technology is a must to improve the productivity. This study aims is to determine the effect of fertilization on the growth and yield of rice fields and to obtain a package of rice fertilization technology that can improve the productivity of new wetland field in South Sulawesi. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatment combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers carried by four farmers in their land asreplications. The results showed that the aplication of combination between organanic and anorganic fertilizer had significant effect on the growth and yield of rice in newly open land. The organic fertilizer package of 5 t/ha + 20 l POC bio urine/ha in combination with inorganic fertilizer 200 kg urea/ha + 300 kg NPK/ha was the best package that could increase rice yield by 26.36% compared to farmers fertilization method and also be financially feaseble to be developed in new wetland field of South Sulawesi.Key words: New opened wetland, fertilization, riceABSTRAKKesuburan tanah pada lahan sawah bukaan baru di Sulawesi Selatan umumnya rendah dan beragam, sehingga teknologi pemupukan merupakan hal yang mutlak dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi sawah serta mendapatkan paket teknologi pemupukan padi sawah yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lahan sawah bukaan baru di Sulawesi Selatan. Kajian disusun dalamRancangan Acak Kelompok dengan empat perlakuan kombinasi pemupukan organik dan anorganik dilaksanakan oleh empat orang petani di lahan miliknya sebagai ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa pemupukan kombinasi pupuk organik dan anorganik berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi. Paket pemupukan 5 t pupuk organik/ha + 20 lt POC bio urine/ha yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk anorganik 200 kg Urea/ha + 300 kg NPK/ha, merupakan paket terbaik.Paket tersebut dapat meningkatkan hasil 26,36 % dibandingkan cara petani dan secara finansial layak untuk dikembangkan pada lahan bukaan baru di Sulawesi Selatan.Kata kunci: Lahan sawah bukaan baru, pemupukan, pad
SISTEM PERTANIAN LAHAN PEKARAGAN MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN DAERAH SEMI-ARID: Kasus Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Full text linkABSTRACTAgricultural System of Homegardening to Support Food Security in Semi-Arid Region: A Case Study of Sustainable Food Reserved Garden in East Nusa-Tenggara. The model of Sustainable Food Reserved Garden (SFRG) or m-KRPL has been developed in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) since 2011 as a tool to empowering household in managing homeyard in order to, both improve household’s nutrition and income. This paper aimed to examine: 1) the diversity and specific characteristics of homeyards in ENT; and 2) the contribution of homeyard gardening to the beneficiaries of m-KRPL. Survey was conducted from October to December 2014. Six m-KRPL sites in three districts were chosen purposively based on main islands (Timor, Sumba, Flores) and agro-ecosystems (AEZ) representative (lowland and highland). The data was collected from Farm Record Keeping (FRK) and in-depth interviews using open-ended and semi-structure questionnaire. The data was analysed descriptively and also used farming analysis. The results showed that there are various types of homegarden practices among communities in the different AEZs. Homegarden practices confirm the similar goals for majority of farmers, that the produce plays role as a source of fresh and healthy food, as well as provides medicines, herbs and spices. Commodities planted in homegarden are more for subsistence; however, farmers who have an access to the market are willing to sell the excess production. Farming in homeyard could save household expenditure up-to Rp400,000/month. Existing plant species in the homegarden in Sikka district was higher than that in Sumba and TTS districts. Nevertheless, for all districts, the horticultural plants was more diverse in highland than those in lowland. Some identified constraints were water shortage, pest and diseases, free-range livestock, access to external inputs and market. Beside the technical-agronomic aspect, development of homegardening should consider homeyard as a “living space”, existing commodities, diet and market aspects. The implementation of m-KRPL should be extended to reach poor farmers. Key words: Farming, homegarden, semi-arid area, subsistence. ABSTRAKModel Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (m-KRPL) telah dikembangkan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) sejak tahun 2011 dalam rangka memberdayakan rumah tangga petani dalam mengelola pekarangan baik untuk memperbaiki kebutuhan gizi keluarga maupun untuk meningkatkan pendapatan. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengkaji keanekaragaman dan karakteristik spesifik pekarangan di NTT; dan 2) mengetahui kontribusi usahatani pekarangan terhadap rumah tangga petani peserta m-KRPL. Enam lokasi m-KRPL di tiga Kabupaten dipilih secara sengaja atas dasar keterwakilan pulau besar (Timor, Sumba dan Flores) dan zone-agroecosystem (ZAE dataran tinggi dan rendah). Survey dilaksanakan pada Oktober – Desember 2014. Data diperoleh dari pencatatan usahatani dan survey mendalam berpedoman pada kuesioner. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan juga menggunakan analisis usahatani. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa praktek pengelolaan pekarangan bervariasi antara berbagai kelompok masyarakat pada berbagai zone-agroecosystem yang berbeda, namun tetap mengkonfirmasi adanya kesamaan tujuan bagi dominan petani yakni sebagai sumber pangan yang sehat dan segar, penyedia obat-obatan herbal dan bumbu dapur. Komoditas yang diusahakan pada lahan pekarangan lebih untuk tujuan subsisten, namun sebagian petani yang mempunyai akses pasar yang baik menjual kelebihan produksi. Usahatani pekarangan dapat menghemat pengeluaran rumah tangga petani perserta program m-KRPL sampai Rp400.000/bulan. Jenis tanaman existing pada lahan pekarangan di Sikka lebih beragam jika dibandingkan dengan di lokasi pengkajian di Sumba Timur dan di TTS. Untuk semua kabupaten lokasi kajian, jenis tanaman hortikultura lebih banyak di dataran tinggi daripada di dataran rendah. Beberapa kendala yang dapat diidentifikasi adalah keterbatasan sumber air, hama dan penyakit, gangguan ternak, akses pada input luar dan pasar rendah. Disamping aspek teknis-agronomis, pengembangan usahatani pekarangan perlu memperhatikan pekarangan sebagai ruang hidup, komoditas existing, pola penghidupan, diet dan aspek pasar. Konsep m-KRPL perlu diperluas agar bisa menjangkau petani miskin sumberdaya. Kata kunci: Usahatani, pekarangan, daerah semi-arid, subsiste
ANALISIS STABILITAS DAYA HASIL VARIETAS KEDELAI DI LAHAN SAWAH KABUPATEN MADIUN, JAWA TIMUR
Full text linkThe Stability of Soybean Yield Analysis in Wetland of Madiun District, East Java. Adaptive highyielding varieties are the most important component technology to increase the productivity of the crop. The fieldassessment to find out the yield stability was conducted in six locations (Sub-districts: Saradan, Pilangkenceng,Madiun, Balerejo, Mejayan, and Sawahan) in Madiun District of East Java, during the late dry season 2012. Thefour soybean varieties - Argomulyo, Anjasmoro, Kaba, Burangrang - were tested using a randomized block designwith three replications in each locations. The analysis result for the yield stability, using a method by AMMI(Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction), showed that the Anjasmoro was recognized as a stable andwide adaptation variety. The other analysis result showed that Argomulyo was adapted in Sawahan andPilangkenceng Subdistrict. Also, Burangrang was adapted in Balerejo and Mejayan Subdistrict. In contrast, Kabawas less adapted in all tested locations.Key words: Soybean, stability, higher yield, AMMIABSTRAKVarietas unggul yang adaptif merupakan salah satu komponen teknologi yang memegang peranan pentingdalam meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Pengujian stabilitas daya hasil telah dilaksanakan di enam lokasi(kecamatan: Saradan, Pilangkenceng, Madiun, Balerejo, Mejayan, dan Sawahan) Kabupaten Madiun ProvinsiJawa Timur pada MK II 2012. Empat varietas unggul kedelai (Argomulyo, Anjasmoro, Burangrang, danKaba)telah diujicoba dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan di setiaplokasi. Hasil analisis stabilitas daya hasil dengan metode AMMI (Additive Main Effects and MultiplicativeInteraction) menunjukkan bahwa varietas Anjasmoro tergolong stabil (beradaptasi luas) pada cakupan wilayahKabupaten Madiun, Jawa Timur, dengan rata-rata hasil di atas rata-rata umum. Varietas Argomulyo beradaptasispesifik di wilayah Sawahan, dan Pilangkenceng, dan varietas Burangrang beradaptasi spesifik di wilayah Balerejodan Mejayan. Varietas Kaba nampak kurang adaptif di semua lokasi pengujian.Kata kunci: Kedelai, stabilitas, daya hasil, AMM
ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN PADI PRODUK REKAYASA GENETIK DI JAWA BARAT DAN JAWA TIMUR
Full text linkABSTRACT Sustainability Analysis of Genetically Engineered Rice Management in West Java and East Java Province. Bt rice genetically engineered plants (GEPs) having endurance to stem borer insect was developed by the Research Center for Biotechnology LIPI. Compared to conventional plants, the GEP has to obtain a certificate of biosafety and food safety before being released and used by public. It is necessary to study the sustainability of GEP based on indications of sustainable development. The research objective was to determine the sustainability of Bt rice plant based on attributes that construct the dimensions of ecological, economic, social, technological and institutional law. Analysis of the data used Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS), and the results were expressed in the index form of sustainable management of GEP. Results of the study showed that the sustainability of multidimensional GEP Bt rice corresponds to the criteria of fair with the value 58.99%, except for the technological dimension with the value of 46.71%, which was classified as less sustainable. In addition, lists of value for other dimensions are: 73.02% for environmental dimension, 69.3% for economic dimension, 51.22% for social dimension, 54.74% for institution and law dimension, and 46.71% for technology dimension that was on less sustainable value. The results also showed ten leverage factors that might affect the increasing the sustainability index of all dimensions. These factors are: environmental dimensions (possibility of crossing genetic materials from GE crops to non-GE crops), economic dimensions (farmers dependency to GE crops, affordable price of GEP seed), social dimensions (informations of GEP, public perception and acception, public participation in decision making), technology dimensions (number of GE plants from internal R&D, capacity building in research and assessment of GEP), institutions and law dimensions (implementation of regulations, GEP labelling). Keywords: Genetically Engineered Plants (GEPs), biosafety, sustainability, Bt Rice ABSTRAK Tanaman padi Bt Produk Rekayasa Genetik (PRG) memiliki sifat ketahanan terhadap hama penggerek batang kuning, hasil pengembangan Puslit Bioteknologi LIPI. Berbeda dengan tanaman konvensional, tanaman PRG harus memperoleh sertifikat keamanan hayati dan keamanan pangan sebelum dilepas dan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Kajian keberlanjutan PRG berdasarkan indikasi pembangunan berkelanjutan telah dilakukan menggunakan metode expert survey dan pemilihan responden dari kalangan pakar di wilayah Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui keberlanjutan tanaman Padi Bt PRG berdasarkan atribut-atribut yang menyusun dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi serta hukum kelembagaan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) yang hasilnya dinyatakan dalam bentuk indeks keberlanjutan terhadap setiap dimensi yang dikaji. Hasil kajian terhadap multidimensi keberlanjutan tergolong pada kriteria cukup berkelanjutan dengan nilai 58,99%, kecuali untuk dimensi teknologi dengan nilai 46,71% yang tergolong kurang berkelanjutan. Nilai keberlanjutan untuk dimensi lingkungan 73,02%, dimensi ekonomi 69,30%, dimensi sosial 51,22% dan dimensi hukum kelembagaan 54,74%. Diperoleh sepuluh faktor pengungkit (leverage factor) yang dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan indeks keberlanjutan yaitu dari dimensi ekologi (Kemungkinan terjadinya perpindahan (crossing) material genetik dari tanaman PRG ke tanaman non-PRG), dimensi ekonomi (Ketergantungan petani pada tanaman PRG, Harga beli benih PRG yang terjangkau), dimensi sosial (persepsi dan penerimaan masyarakat, keterlibatan publik dalam pengambilan keputusan), dimensi teknologi (jumlah tanaman PRG hasil litbang sendiri, kemampuan SDM melakukan riset dan pengujian tanaman PRG) serta dimensi hukum kelembagaan (implementasi peraturan dan undang-undang, labeling terhadap PRG).Kata kunci: Produk Rekayasa Genetik (PRG), keamanan hayati, keberlanjutan (sustainability), padi B
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBERHASILAN KAWASAN RUMAH PANGAN LESTARI DI PULAU SUMATERA
Full text link ABSTRACT The Influencing Factors for success on Sustainable Food Reserve Garden in Sumatera. Addressing the needs of food and nutrition can be improved with utilization of home garden. A total of 8,320 units of households in Sumatera have done this approach through development program of Sustainable Food Reserve Garden (SFRG). There are three sub-components to assess the performance of its utilization: seed management, garden management, and institutional aspect. This research was done in 340 villages implementing the SRFG in 10 provinces in Sumatera by using a qualitative method. Unit analysis was area which implementing SRFG in Sumatera. Sampling was done through census in all unit of SRFG, 340 samples. Data was collected through mail survey. Data was analyzed by using a binary logistic model. Result shows that 10 of 36 variables have 5% significant level of positive influence on the improvement of implementation of SRFG in Sumatera, namely source of seeds, seed availability, number of members, crop rotation, crop-livestock integration, conservation of local food, the use of crops, administration, officials were involved, and market. The result also implies that in order to keep the sustainability of SFRG, it is important to regard the following aspects: seedling, crop rotation and its’ integration, the use of crops including market and stakeholder participation. Keywords: Home yard economics, sustainable food reserve gardens (SFRG), food securityABSTRAKUpaya pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan dan gizi dapat ditingkatkan diantaranya melalui pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan rumah tangga. Sebanyak 8.320 unit rumah tangga di Pulau Sumatera telah melakukan pendekatan ini melalui program pengembangan model Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (m-KRPL). Pengkajian dilakukan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi performa pelaksanaan KRPL ditinjau dari aspek perbenihan, pengelolaan kawasan, dan kelembagaan. Penelitian dilakukan di 340 desa dari 10 provinsi di Pulau Sumatera dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah kawasan yang dijadikan model implementasi KRPL (m-KRPL) di Sumatera. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode sensus yaitu seluruh unit m-KRPL sebanyak 340 sampel. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan mail survey. Hasil analisis yang diuji lanjut pada taraf kepercayaan 5% menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 10 variabel dari 36 variabel yang berpengaruh secara positif terhadap peningkatan keberhasilan pelaksanaan KRPL di Pulau Sumatera, yaitu sumber benih, ketersediaan bibit, jumlah Rumah Pangan Lestari (RPL), rotasi tanaman, integrasi tanaman-ternak, konservasi pangan lokal, pemanfaatan hasil panen, administrasi, keterlibatan aparat, serta pasar. Implikasinya adalah upaya untuk keberlanjutan KRPL harus memperhatikan aspek benih/bibit, rotasi tanaman dan integrasinya, pemanfaatan hasil termasuk pasar dan keterlibatan stakeholder. Kata kunci: Ekonomi pekarangan, Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL), ketahanan pangan
PERAN PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA AGRIBISNIS PERDESAAN TERHADAP KINERJA GAPOKTAN DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI DI KABUPATEN SUBANG
Full text linkABSTRACT Role of Rural Agribusiness Development Program to Performance Gapoktan and Rice Farming Income in Subang Regency. The study aimed to analyze the performance Gapoktan and rice farming income for recipients PUAP and non PUAP, and analyze the relationship between the performances of the farm income Gapoktan. The study was conducted in District Ciasem and Patok Beusi, Subang regency, West Java, in April-June 2014. Unit analysis in this study was Gapoktan and rice farming. Gapoktan sample was purposively taken as 6 Gapoktan, consisting of 3 Gapoktan PUAP and 3 Gapoktan non PUAP. The unit of analysis of rice farming was taken as the sample of rice farming PUAP managed by farmers PUAP and non PUAP. Farmers sample were selected by purposively, amounted to 30 people, so total farmers sample was 60 people. The assessment of Gapoktan has been analized by four indicators, namely organizational effectiveness, organizational efficiency, organizational relevance, and organizational financial independence achievement. Overall indicators and parameters were analyzed using a scoring system of assessment in Likert scale. Performance farming and Gapoktan were analyzed using analysis of farming income and analysis Pearson product moment (PPM). The results of data analysis showed that the performance Gapoktan PUAP showed superior performance. PUAP farmers earned greater rice farming income (34.97%). Thus it can be said that the performance Gapoktan have a close and significant relationship with the level of farm income rice farmer members. This means that the higher Gapoktan performance, the higher rice farming income of farmer members. Keywords: Farmers group alliences, farmers’ income, rice farming, rural agribusiness development ABSTRAK Penelitian yang bertujuan menganalisis kinerja Gapoktan dan pendapatan usahatani padi bagi penerima PUAP dan non PUAP, serta menganalisis hubungan kinerja Gapoktan terhadap pendapatan usahatani padi petani, dilakukan di Kecamatan Ciasem dan Patok Beusi, Kabupaten Subang, Provinsi Jawa Barat, pada April - Juni 2014. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini yaitu Gapoktan dan usahatani padi. Gapoktan sampel diambil secara purposive sebanyak 6 Gapoktan, terdiri atas 3 Gapoktan PUAP dan 3 Gapoktan non PUAP. Unit analisis usahatani padi, yang diambil sebagai sampel yaitu usahatani padi yang dikelola oleh petani PUAP dan petani non PUAP, dipilih secara purposive, masing-masing berjumlah 30 orang, sehingga total petani sampel 60 orang. Analisis kinerja Gapoktan menggunakan 4 indikator yaitu efektivitas organisasi, efisiensi organisasi, relevansi organisasi, dan pencapaian kemandirian keuangan organisasi. Keseluruhan indikator dan parameter dianalisis menggunakan sistem pemberian skor penilaian menggunakan skala Likert. Kinerja usahatani padi dan Gapoktan dianalisis menggunakan analisis pendapatan usahatani dan analisis Pearson product moment (PPM). Kinerja Gapoktan PUAP menunjukkan kinerja yang lebih tinggi, sama halnya dengan usahatani padi petani PUAP, memperoleh pendapatan usahatani padi yang lebih tinggi (34,97%). Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa kinerja Gapoktan memiliki hubungan yang erat dan signifikan dengan tingkat pendapatan usahatani padi petani anggota. Artinya semakin tinggi kinerja Gapoktan, maka semakin tinggi pula pendapatan usahatani padi petani anggota. Kata kunci: Gapoktan, pendapatan petani, usahatani padi, PUA
SOSIAL EKONOMI PEKARANGAN BERBASIS KAWASAN DI PERDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN TIGA PROVINSI DI INDONESIA
Full text link ABSTRACTSocial Economic of Homeyard Based on Rural and Urban Areas in Three Provinces of Indonesia. Homeyard in urban and rural areas is a pivotal source of food, family nutrition and household economics. This study aims to discuss the existence of homeyard in urban and rural areas from the socio-economic perspective. The research was conducted in three provinces: South Kalimantan, Central Java and South Sumatra during September and October 2012. The research used cluster-based involving 50 respondents that represent people in urban and rural areas. Data were collected through interviews including: the respondents’ characteristics, the choice of plants, the plant arrangement, the type of work and tenure. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis (cross tabulations), a comparative analysis of median values (t test), χ2 analysis (chi-square) and correlation analysis. The results showed that there are differences in the characteristics of the homeyard management aspects of demographic, social, cultural, economic and natural resources in both areas. It can be concluded that, the existence of the management of the homeyard in urban and rural areas plays a strategic role as a source of household economy, even though in a different management, especially in the diversity of cultivated plants and pattern of arable land. As an implication, homeyards need to be considered as a potential economic and productive resource in agricultural development policy. Keywords: Homeyard, social economic, rural areas, urban areas ABSTRAK Pekarangan di perkotaan dan perdesaan berpotensi sebagai penyedia sumber bahan pangan, gizi keluarga dan ekonomi rumah tangga. Pengkajian bertujuan untuk membahas eksistensi pekarangan di perkotaan dan perdesaan dalam perspektif sosial ekonomi. Pengkajian dilakukan di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, Jawa Tengah dan Sumatera Selatan pada bulan September dan Oktober 2012. Rancangan pengkajian disusun berdasarkan pengelompokkan kawasan perkotaan dan perdesaan melibatkan 50 orang responden mewakili daerah perkotaan dan perdesaan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara meliputi: karakteristik responden, pemilihan jenis tanaman, penataan tanaman, jenis pekerjaan dan penguasaan lahan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif (tabulasi silang), analisis perbandingan nilai tengah (uji t), analisis χ2 (chi square) dan korelasi. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan karakteristik pengelolaan pekarangan dari aspek demografi, sosial budaya, sumber daya alam dan ekonomi di kedua kawasan. Kesimpulan eksistensi pengelolaan pekarangan di perdesaan dan perkotaan memiliki peran strategis sebagai sumber ekonomi rumah tangga, meskipun dalam pengelolaannya berbeda terutama dalam keragaman jenis tanaman yang diusahakan dan pola penataannya. Sebagai implikasinya, dalam kebijakan pembangunan pertanian keberadaan lahan pekarangan perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai sumberdaya ekonomi produktif yang potensial. Kata kunci: Pekarangan, sosial ekonomi, perdesaan dan perkotaan