Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
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DISAIN TEKNOLOGI PANEN HUJAN UNTUK KEBUTUHAN RUMAHTANGGA: Studi Kasus di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan Nusa Tenggara Barat
Full text linkABSTRACT The Design of Rain Harvesting Technologies for Household Use: a Case Study in Yogyakarta Special Regionn and West Nusa Tenggara. Many parts of the world, including Indonesia, has been facing water shortage problems while water demand continues to grow. Rainfall harvesting could change the utilization pattern of rainfall by spatially and temporally, which would supply humankind with steady water sources. Characterized by simple operation, rainwater-harvesting techniques for domestics purposes have a great potential to be used also for irrigations. Rainfall harvesting could be conserved of water use from other water resources, while water use efficiency could be increased. The experiments were conducted at Selopamioro Village (Special Region of Yogyakarta ) and Banyu Urip Village (West Nusa Tenggara) in 2009 and 2011, respectively. The aims of the experiments were to develop rainfall harvesting technology and to design the criteria of techniques of rainfall harvesting the houshold purposes. The experiments were conducted through several steps as follow: (i) characterization of the area of experiments through rainfall and climate data collections during the last 10 years, the number of family members of the water users, water consumption/person/day, (ii) the installation of water storage tanks and distribution of pipes, and, (iii) data analysis of the potential of rainwater that could be harvested and the determination of the storage tank capacity. Results of the experiments showed that the potential of water that could be harvested at two sample houses in Selopamioro were 5.,8 and 78.5 m3/year respectively, while in three sample houses in Lombok were 74.2; 25.4 and 41.6 m3/year respectively. To meet the needs of water during the dry season, the maximum capacity of the reservoir should be made at two sample houses in Selopamioro were 19.5 and 28.4 m3 respectively, while those at three sample houses in Lombok were 37.06; 8.40 and 20.08 m3 respectively. Keywords : Design criteria, rainfall harvesting, household, droughtABSTRAK Sejak beberapa dekade terakhir di beberapa negara, termasuk Indonesia, sering terjadi kekeringan. Sementara kebutuhan air cenderung semakin meningkat. Panen hujan dapat mengubah pola pemanfaatan curah hujan secara spasial maupun temporal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga dengan sumber air relatif tetap. Dengan metode sederhana, teknik panen hujan disamping untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangga, juga dapat digunakan untuk irigasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Selopamioro (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta) dan Desa Banyu Urip (Nusa Tenggara Barat) berturut-turut pada tahun 2009 dan 2011. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengembangkan teknologi panen hujan dan merancang kriteria panen hujan untuk kebutuhan rumahtangga. Penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu (i) karakterisasi wilayah penelitian melalui pengumpulan data curah hujan dan iklim 10 tahun terakhir, jumlah anggota keluarga pengguna air, konsumsi air untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga/orang/hari, (ii) instalasi/pembuatan bangunan panen hujan berupa tangki penampung air dan pipa pendistribusiannya, dan (iii) analisis data meliputi potensi air hujan yang dapat dipanen dan penentuan kapasitas penampung air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi air yang dapat dipanen di dua rumah contoh di Selopamioro berturut-turut 53,8 dan 78,5 m3/tahun, sedangkan di tiga rumah contoh di Lombok berturut-turut 74,2; 25,4 dan 41,6 m3/tahun. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air selama musim kemarau, kapasitas maksimum tampungan yang harus dibuat di dua rumah contoh di Selopamioro berturut-turut 19,5 dan 28,4 m3, sedangkan di tiga rumah contoh di Lombok berturut-turut 37,06; 8,40 dan 20,08 m3. Kata kunci : Rancang bangun, panen hujan, rumah tangga, kekeringa
ANALISIS DAMPAK PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN TERHADAP DEGRADASI LAHAN DAN PENDAPATAN PETANI DI DAS WANGGU SULAWESI TENGGARA
Full text linkABSTRACT Impact Analysis on The Change of Land Utilization toward Land Degradation and Farmers’ Income in Wanggu Watershed of South East Sulawesi. Objectives of the study were: (1) to assess the impact of the changes of land use in Wanggu watershed toward erosion, land degradation, ratio discharge (Qmax / Qmin), and farmer incomes; (2) to analyze land utilization and agro-technological model to improve soil infiltration capacity and water availability as well as to reduce the ratio discharge (Qmax / Qmin), the rate of erosion and land degradation; and (3) to formulate land-use and agrotechnological planning in sustainable watershed management. The research was conducted in July 2013-December 2013. The assessment on land degradation and watershed hydrological conditions of Wanggu was based on the data of land use changes, soil physical, erosion, run off coefficient, and river discharge. This study used survey methods and experimental plots to collect the data. Data on biophysical land including: climate, topography, soil type and land use derived from the results of the previous studies. The farmer’s income was calculated based on total production, total revenue and total cost. The results showed that the changes of land use caused land degradation, which might occur on: (i) upland agriculture, bushes, human settlements with the erosion > ETol with 36.3>21.0; 21.4>14.9 and 19.5>18 t/ha/yr and its slopes >8%, (ii) the ratio of river discharge (Qmax/Qmin> 30), land productivity and farmers' income (around IDR11.500.000/ha/th in upland, while in agroforestry about IDR21.500.000/ha/year < the standard of living allowance IDR22.000.000/year/hh). The land use and agrotechnological model from the scenario 5 could prevent land degradation, reduce the ratio of discharge (Qmax / Qmin <30), enhance soil productivity and increase income of farmers reaching for about IDR22.340.000–IDR25.730.000 ≥ IDR27.200.000/ha/year/hh. Those would meet the minimum requirement of living standard in South East Sulawesi. Keywords: Land use, Wanggu Wathersed, impact, erosion, farming system ABSTRAKTujuan penelitan adalah (1) menganalisis dampak perubahan penggunaan lahan di DAS Wanggu Ds terhadap erosi, run off dan fluktuasi debit air, (2) mengkaji model penggunaan lahan dan agroteknologi yang mampu meningkatkan kapasitas infiltrasi tanah, menurunkan run off, fluktuasi debit air sungai dan laju erosi serta pendapatan petani, dan (3) merumuskan model perencanaan penggunaan lahan dan agrotekonologi yang tepat dalam pengelolaan DAS Wanggu berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2013–Desember 2013. Degradasi lahan dan kondisi hidrologi DAS Wanggu dinilai berdasarkan terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan, fisik tanah, erosi dan koefisien aliran permukaan serta debit sungai dengan menggunakan metode survei dan percobaan plot. Data biofisik lahan mencakup: data iklim, topografi, jenis tanah dan penggunaan lahan yang diperoleh dari hasil-hasil berbagai penelitian. Pendapatan petani dihitung berdasarkan pada produksi total, pendapatan dan biaya total yang dkeluarkan petani. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa perubahan penggunaan lahan yang tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan lahannya telah menyebabkan degradasi lahan umumnya pada: (i) pertanian lahan kering, semak-belukar, pemukiman dengan erosi > ETol secara berurutan 36,3 > 21,0; 21,4 >14,9 dan 19,5 >18 t/ha/th) pada kemiringan lereng > 8%, (ii) peningkatan Qmax/Qmin 36,8 > 30), (iii) produktivitas lahan dan pendatan petani adalah rendah (pertanian lahan kering Rp11.500.000/ha/th, dan kebun campuran/agroforestry Rp21.500.000/ha/th < standar kebutuhan hidup layak (KHL) Rp22.000.000/th/KK. Model penggunaan lahan dan agroteknologi Skenario 5 dapat mencegah degradasi lahan, menurunkan Qmax/Qmin 15,2 < 30), erosi < ETol (3,5–14,5 t/ha/th < 10,6–20,0 t/ha/th), meningkatkan produktivitas tanah dan pendapatan petani yang mencapai Rp22.340.000 – Rp25.730.000 ≥ Rp22.000.000/ha/th/KK yang memenuhi standar kebutuhan hidup layak di Sulawesi Tenggara. Kata kunci: Penggunaan lahan, DAS Wanggu, dampak, erosi, sistem pertania
EFISIENSI TEKNIS DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI PETANI YANG MEMPENGARUHI INEFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI PROVINSI BALI
No full textTechnical Efficiency and Effect of Farmer Socio-Economic Factors to Technical Inefficiency in BaliProvince. Efficiency in farm management, including the management of agricultural technology is closely relatedto managerial capacity and capability of farmers, farm characteristics and production inputs. The study aimed toanalyze the level of technical efficiency of rice farming and socioeconomic factors that influence inefficiency ofrice farming in Bali. The study was conducted at three district of rice production centers in Bali province i.e.Tabanan, Buleleng and Gianyar. Data were collected through interviews with 94 respondents using a structuredquestionnaire during wet and dry seasons 2012. The collected data we analyzed using stochastic frontierproduction function with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. The result showed that riceproductionin Bali was affected by land area, N fertilizer, pesticides, labor and age of seeds. Rice production in thedry season was higher than that in wet season. Technically lowland rice farming in Bali has been efficient, asshown by the average of technical efficiency index, which was more than 0.70. Socioeconomic characteristicsfactors that affected the technical inefficiency of lowland rice farming such as age, formal education, farmingexperience and number of percils. Technical efficiency of lowland rice farming on their own land was higher thanthat of the land.Key words: Socioeconomic, technical inefficiency, lowland rice, BaliABSTRAKEfisiensi pengelolaan usahatani termasuk pengelolaan teknologi pertanian berkaitan erat dengan kapasitasdan kapabilitas managerial petani, karakteristik usahatani dan penggunaan input produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menganalisis tingkat efisiensi teknis usahatani padi sawah dan faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yangmempengaruhi ineffisiensinya. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga kabupaten sentra produksi padi sawah di Provinsi Baliyakni: Tabanan, Buleleng dan Gianyar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kuisionerterstruktur selama MK 2011 dan MH 2011/2012 dengan melibatkan 94 responden. Data yang dikumpulkandianalisis menggunakan fungsi produksi stokhastik frontier dengan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa produksi padi sawah dipengaruhi oleh luas lahan, pupuk N, pestisida,umur bibit dan tenaga kerja. Produksi padi sawah pada musim kemarau lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada musimhujan. Secara teknis usahatani padi sawah di Provinsi Bali telah efisien, dengan rata-rata indeks efisiensi teknislebih besar dari 0,70. Adapun karakteristik sosial ekonomi yang mempengaruhi inefisiensi teknis usahatani padisawah antara lain umur petani, pendidikan formal, pengalaman usahatani dan jumlah persil. Efisiensi teknisusahatani padi sawah lebih tinggi pada lahan milik sendiri dibandingkan lahan bukan milik.Kata kunci: Sosial ekonomi, inefisiensi teknis, padi sawah, Bal
PEMUPUKAN NPK DAN KELAYAKAN USAHATANI JERUK PAMELO DI KABUPATEN PANGKEP SULAWESI SELATAN
Full text linkABSTRACT The Fertilizing of NPK and the Feasibility of Pummelo’s Farming in Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi. Pummelo Pangkep has more advantages over other citrus, such as, specific taste, sweet juicy, pink flesh, fair texture flesh, flavorful soft and almost no seeds. The purpose of this study was to (i) know the influence of fertilizers N, P and K in the production of pummelo; (ii) produce pummelo fertilizer recommendations based on the analysis of leaf tissue and define the nutrient adequacy levels and optimal dosage of pummelo; and (iii) analyze the feasibility of pummelo. Research was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with five treatments consisting of six replicates for each treatment. Each fertilizer (N, P and K) by 90 productive lifespan of pummelo trees less than 7 years old are selected with a relative uniform and healthy level. The treatment for N fertilizer dosage consists of: N= 0, 100, 200, 300, 400; P= 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 P2O5; K= 0, 150, 300, 450, 600 K2O/tree/year. Each of fertilizer application was conducted in a single study, respectively. The results showed that pummelo recommended fertilizing of N, P and K in low nutrient status, namely: 475.30 g N, 582.24 g P2O5 and 495.75 g K2O/tree/year or equal to 1.03 kg urea, 1.62 kg SP-36 and 0.83 KCl kg/tree/year. Based on the calculation of cost, revenue, and profit with 20% of discount factor, it was obtained B/C value of 3.9, NVP with positive value and IRR value that exceeds the standard of DF. It means that pummelo farming system is profitable and feasible for investment. Keywords: NPK Fertilizer, nutrient status, pummelo farming systemABSTRAK Jeruk pameloPangkep mempunyai kelebihan dibanding jeruk pamelo lain, rasanya spesifik, manis berair, daging buah merah jambu, tekstur daging sedang, beraroma lembut dan hampir tidak berbiji. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk (i) mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk N,P dan K terhadap produksi jeruk pamelo (ii) membangun rekomendasi pemupukan berdasarkan analisis jaringan daun dan menetapkan tingkat kecukupan hara serta dosis pupuk optimum pada tanaman jeruk pamelo, (iii) analisis kelayakan untuk mengetahui keuntungan usahatani tanaman jeruk pamelo. Penelitian diawali dengan observasi, dan lapangan yang disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan terdiri atas enam ulangan. Masing-masing pupuk (N, P dan K) sebanyak 90 pohon tanaman jeruk produktif umur kurang lebih 7 tahun yang dipilih dengan tingkat relatif seragam dan sehat.Perlakuan dosis pupuk N terdiri dari: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 N; P: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 P2O5; K: 0, 150, 300, 450, 600 K2O/tanaman/tahun. Aplikasi pupuk N, P dan K masing-masing dilakukan dalam penelitian tunggal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rekomendasi pemupukan N, P dan K tanaman jeruk pamelo pada status hara rendah, yaitu: 475.30 g N, 582.24 g P2O5 dan 495.75 g K2O/tanaman/tahun atau setara dengan 1.03 kg Urea, 1.62 kg SP-36 dan 0,83 kg KCl/tanaman/tahun. Berdasarkan perhitungan biaya, penerimaan, dan keuntungan usahatani jeruk pamelo dengan discount factor 20% diperoleh hasil B/C 3,9, NVP positif dan persentase IRR melebihi DF yang berlaku, yang berarti usahatani jeruk pamelo sangat menguntungkan dan memenuhi kelayakan investasi. Kata kunci: Jeruk pamelo, kelayakan usahatani, pemupukan NPK, status har
KAJIAN KERAGAAN VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU PADI SAWAH DENGAN PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU DI BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA
Full text linkThe Assessment of Performance of High Yielding Variety Through Integrated Crop Management in Bantul, Yogyakarta. Study on performance for rice high yielding variety using five varieties namely Inpari 3, Inpari 4, Inpari 9, Inpari 10 and Inpari 11 through integrated crop management (ICM) was conducted at Pendowoharjo, Sewon, Bantul, Yogyakarta during the dry season of 2012. Seedling of 15 days with one seedling per hill was planted using “jajar legowo” 4:1 system, with plant spacing of 25 x 12.5 x 50 cm. Plot size per variety was 2000 m2. Ciherang and Situ Bagendit as populair varieties planted using the same population by farmers were used as control. Data were analyzed using t test. Inpari 10 gave the highest yield (9.5 t/ha) compared to check varieties and the other varieties tested, with yield ranging from 8.8 to 9.9 t/ha. The highest yield on Inpari 10 was contributed by the highest of the main yield components, namely the number of filled grains, total grain number, and the panicle number. All varieties showed early to moderate maturity, except Inpari 9 (125 days). Inpari 10 gave the highest profit compared with the others superior varieties tested and the most preferred by farmers because of more taste, more white color, more shiny, and more fragrant. Keywords: Inpari, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit, "jajar legowo", IPM.ABSTRAKKajian keragaan teknologi varietas unggul baru padi pada pengelolaan tanaman terpadu menggunakan lima varietas unggul baru yaitu Inpari 3, Inpari 4, Inpari 9, Inpari 10 dan Inpari 11 dilaksanakan di Kelompok Tani Ngimbangan, Pendowoharjo, Sewon, Bantul, Yogyakarta selama musim kemarau 2012. Bibit berumur 15 hari dengan satu bibit per lubang ditanam secara Jajar Legowo (Tajarwo) 4:1, jarak tanam 25 x 12,5 x 50 cm, dengan 256.000 populasi tanaman. Luas plot per varietas adalah 2000 m2. Varietas tersebut digunakan sebagai perlakuan. Ciherang dan Situ Bagendit sebagai varietas populer yang ditanam dengan populasi yang sama oleh petani digunakan sebagai pembanding. Data dianalisis dengan uji t. Inpari 10 merupakan varietas dengan hasil tertinggi (9,5 t/ha) dibandingkan dengan varietas pembanding maupun varietas yang diuji lainnya, dengan hasil berkisar (8,8 - 9,9 t/ha). Hasil terbaik pada Inpari 10 tersebut didukung oleh komponen hasil utama yaitu jumlah gabah isi, jumlah gabah total, dan jumlah anakan produktif. Semua varietas yang dikaji berumur genjah sampai sedang, kecuali Inpari 9 dengan umur tanaman 125 hari. Inpari 10 memberikan keuntungan yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan varietas unggul baru lainnya yang diuji dan paling disukai petani karena lebih pulen, lebih putih, lebih berkilap, dan lebih wangi.Kata kunci: Inpari, Ciherang, Situ Bagendit, jajar legow
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI SAYURAN RUMAH TANGGA PADA KAWASAN RUMAH PANGAN LESTARI DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR DAN SUMATERA SELATAN
Full text linkFactors Affecting Household’s Vegetables Consumption in the Area of Sustainable Food Reserved Garden (SFRG) Program in East Java and South Sumatera Provinces. Backyard has a potential to feed the family as vegetables cropland or fruit crops. Sustainable Food Reserved Garden Program (SFRG) was designed to increase the potential of backyard to provide sustainable cheap food. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting household’s vegetables consumption in the area of SFRG program. The research was conducted in South Sumatra and East Java province in 2012, involving 60 respondents who have implemented the program in 2011 and 2012. Respondents were divided into three strata according yard size, which are stratum 1 (narrow), stratum 2 (medium) and stratum 3 (extensive). Data was collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and focus group discussions with managers of the program. Afterwards, the data were analyzed descriptively and also by regression test to determine the factors affecting vegetable’s consumption in household level. The result showed that the variations of plants types tend to be uniform among the three strata such as pepper, eggplant and cabbage. In terms of the arrangement, narrow stratum was dominated by “vertikultur”, medium stratum by polybag and extensive stratum by seedbeds. SFRG program have contributed to household food expenditure between 2.5 to 8.8%. Multiple regression analysis showed that vegetables consumption has positively associated and significantly with vegetable production and monthly food expenditure. SFRG program is able to save household food expenses, especially for purchasing vegetables. Key words: Backyard, vegetables consumption, vegetables production, SFRG ABSTRAK Optimalisasi pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan sayuran bagi keluarga. Melalui program Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) diharapkan dapat menyediakan pangan murah yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konsumsi sayuran rumah tangga di Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dan Jawa Timur tahun 2012 melibatkan 60 responden pelaksana program KRPL tahun 2011 dan 2012. Responden dibedakan ke dalam tiga strata berdasarkan luas pekarangan, yaitu strata 1 (sempit), strata 2 (sedang) dan strata 3 (luas). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan Focus Group Discussion melibatkan pengelola program KRPL. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Uji regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi sayuran pada keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi jenis tanaman cenderung seragam antar strata, dengan tanaman dominan cabe, terong dan sawi. Penataan tanaman pada strata satu dominan vertikultur, strata dua menggunakan polibag dan strata tiga dengan bedengan. Kontribusi program KRPL terhadap pengeluaran pangan rumah tangga antara 2,5 - 8,8%. Hasil analisis uji regresi berganda menunjukkan konsumsi sayuran dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh produksi dan pengeluaran pangannya. Program KRPL mampu menghemat pengeluaran pangan rumah tangga terutama untuk pembelian sayuran. Kata kunci: Pekarangan, produksi sayuran, konsumsi sayuran, KRP
USAHATANI KAKAO DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDAPATAN PETANI DI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Full text linkCocoa Farming on Farmers' Income Perspective in Southeast Sulawesi. Southeast Sulawesi cocoafarming became one of the main sources of farmers’income, so the cocoa farmers continued coaching throughvarious approaches. One was conducted by the Institute of Economic Welfare Society (IEWS). This study aims toreveal the cocoa farm performance under the IEWS built, with a focus: (1) Is there a change in the income of cocoafarmers' income after IEWS fostered; (2) What factors are affecting the productivity of cocoa?. Assessment is donethrough a survey of 90 cocoa farmers representing participants and non-participants IEWS spread over ninedistricts the period from March to September 2012. Discussion on the basis of primary data include financingstructures and farm income, enriched with secondary data collected from several agencies relevant related. Thedata were analyzed by descriptive qualitative and quantitative parameters sharpened with finansial profit approachR/C and MBCR to answer the first goal. While to examine the factors that affect the production and income ofcocoa farmers linear regression analysis by incorporating productivity as the dependent variable (Y), and nineindependent variables (X1-X9). The analysis showed: (1) cocoa farming by farmers showed relatively lowperformance, indicated by the use of cocoa clones whose orientation is still of local clones, pest attack andeventually suppress the relatively high productivity of cocoa; (2) Development towards empowering cocoa farmerswho do IEWS proved not give optimal results, it is evident from the analysis that is not real. Performance farmerparticipants IEWS same relative condition with non-participant farmers IEWS; (3) To increase the productivity ofcocoa in the area of assessment, training needs to be focused on the use of superior cocoa clones, and gardenmaintenance to cope with the pest.Keywords: Cocoa farming, productivity, income, IEWSABSTRAKUsahatani kakao di Sulawesi Tenggara menjadi salah satu andalan sumber pendapatan petani, sehinggapembinaan petani kakao terus dilakukan melalui berbagai pendekatan. Salah satunya dilakukan oleh LembagaEkonomi Masyarakat Sejahtera (LEMS). Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kinerja usahatani kakaoyang berada di bawah binaan LEMS tersebut, dengan fokus: (1) Adakah perubahan pendapatan pendapatan petanikakao setelah dibina LEMS; (2) Faktor-faktor apakah yang mempengaruhi produktivitas kakao? . Pengkajian dilakukan melalui survey terhadap 90 orang petani kakao yang merepresentasikan peserta LEMS dan bukan pesertaLEMS yang tersebar di sembilan kabupaten periode Maret - September 2012. Pembahasan di dasarkan data primermeliputi struktur pembiayaan dan pendapatan usahatani, diperkaya dengan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan daribeberapa instansi terkait yang relevan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatifdipertajam dengan parameter keuntungan finalsial menerapkan pendekatan R/C dan MBCR untuk menjawabtujuan pertama. Sementara untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi dan pendapatan petani kakaodilakukan analisis regresi linear dengan memasukkan produktivitas sebagai peubah tergantung (Y), dan sembilanpeubah bebas (Xi). Hasil analisis menunjukkan: (1) Usahatani kakao oleh petani di lokasi pengkajian menunjukkankeragaan yang relatif rendah, ditunjukkan oleh penggunaan klon kakao yang orientasinya masih banyak klon lokal,serangan OPT relatif tinggi sehingga akhirnya menekan produktivitas kakao; (2) Pembinaan ke arah pemberdayaanpetani kakao yang dilakukan LEMS belum memberikan hasil optimal, terbukti dari analisis yang tidak nyata.Kinerja petani peserta LEMS kondisinya relatif sama dengan petani bukan peserta LEMS; (3) Untuk meningkatkanproduktivitas kakao di wilayah pengkajian, pembinaan perlu difokuskan pada penggunaan klon kakao unggul, danpemeliharaan kebun untuk mengatasi OPT.Kata kunci: Usahatani kakao, produktivitas pendapatan, LEM
KELAYAKAN USAHATANI JAGUNG DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Full text linkABSTRACT Feasibility Analysis of Maize Farming System in South Sulawesi Province. South Sulawesi is one of the maize central production in Indonesia. The study to investigate the characteristics and economic feasibility of the farmer practices was conducted in May-September 2012 in Jeneponto and Bone District which represent the dry land area and in Sidrap and North Luwu which represent the wetland area. The survey was conducted with the sample of 240 farmers. The data were collected on primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through interviews and secondary data were collected from the relevant authorities. The data analyze were include of application of technology, productivity, economic analysis, and feasibility of crop farming. The result showed that the formal education of farmers were generally low, and the adoption of technologies of both in dry land and in paddy fields were also low. However, the human resource development through additional informal education will enhance for maize farming development in the areas. Farmers used the hybrid varieties, but amount of seeds was still less, plant spacing varies, and most farmers used the seeds from the previous crop. Fertilization was not balance, time and dose of fertilizer was incorrect, and fertilizer was not right for the land. Therefore, the productivity was still low, an average of 3.8 t/ha. The average net income received by farmers in dry land irrigated land respectively Rp3.3 million/ha and Rp4.7 million/ha or respectively with R/C average of 2.06 and 2.30. Therefore, corn farming can still be considered are feasible on dry land and irrigated land. Keywords: Maize, dry land, wetland, farming feasibility ABSTRAKSulawesi Selatan merupakan salah satu daerah sentra produksi jagung di Indonesia. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan usahatani jagung di wilayah tersebut, telah dilakukan penelitian pada bulan Mei–September 2012 di Kabupaten Jeneponto dan Bone mewakili lahan kering, Kabupaten Sidrap dan Luwu Utara mewakili lahan sawah. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara random sampling sebanyak 240 sampel petani. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan ialah data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan data sekunder dikumpulkan melalui informasi dari instansi terkait. Analisis data meliputi tingkat penerapan teknologi, produktivitas, dan analisis kelayakan usahatani. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya pendidikan formal petani mengindikasikan adopsi teknologi baik di lahan kering mapun di lahan sawah belum optimal, dan membutuhkan pengembangan sumberdaya manusia melalui tambahan pendidikan informal untuk melengkapi pengalaman yang telah dimiliki. Walaupun tingkat pendidikan petani yang tergolong rendah, tetapi umur petani yang masih sangat produktif, dan pengalaman berusahatani selama ini, serta adanya upaya peningkatan keterampilan petani akan memberikan bagi peluang pengembangan budidya jagung khususnya di lokasi pengkajian. Budidaya jagung yang dilakukan petani di lahan kering dan lahan sawah irigasi belum optimal. Petani telah menggunakan varietas hibrida, tetapi benih yang digunakan masih kurang, jarak tanam bervariasi, dan sebagian petani masih menggunakan benih dari pertanaman sebelumnya. Pemupukan belum berimbang, waktu, dosis, dan jenis pupuk belum tepat. Sebagai akibat penerapan teknologi budidaya jagung yang belum optimal, produktivitas tergolong rendah, yaitu rata-rata 3,8 t/ha dan 4,5 t/ha masing-masing di lahan kering dan di lahan sawah. Rata-rata pendapatan bersih yang diterima petani pada lahan kering dan lahan sawah irigasi masing-masing Rp3,3 juta/ha dan Rp 4,7 juta/ha atau masing masing dengan R/C rata-rata 2,06 dan 2,30. Oleh karena itu usahatani jagung masih dapat dianggap layak di lahan kering maupun di lahan sawah irigasi. Kata kunci: Jagung, lahan kering, lahan sawah, kelayakan usahatan
PERBANYAKAN BIBIT KAKAO MELALUI TEKNIK GRAFTING, OKULASI, DAN SOMATIK EMBRIOGENESIS DI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Full text linkThe Study of Cocoa Seed Multiplication Using Grafting, Budding and Somatic Embryogenesis inSouth Sulawesi Province. The low quality and quantity of seed is one of the obstacles to increase the cocoaproduction. Cocoa plantation revitalization program requires up to 75 million of cocoa seeds per year to supportthe development in about 200,000 hectares area. Vegetative propagation of plants such as cocoa bud grafting, sidegrafting, grafting, somatic embryogenesis (SE) can be done as one of the solutions to solve the problems. Thestudy was conducted in two cocoa-producing districts namely Luwu and North Luwu, on February to September2012. The focus of the activities was conducted research on the methods of plant propagation of cocoa that warebud grafting, side grafting, grafting, and SE which aimed to determine the most suitable method applied at the farmlevel as well as the types of clones as a source of budwood in South Sulawesi. The studies were carried out in theform of survey by selecting respondents in two locations of cocoa development. The collected data from theexperimental design were analyzed by ANOVA, and further tested was done by using Duncan’s Multiple RangeTest at the level of 5%. The feasibility of utilization of the propagation methods then analyzed using a Benefit CostRatio (B/C). The results showed that the success rate of grafting techniques and side-grafting shoots both in thenursery and in the crop ware high enough, so the seed multiplication techniques can be recommended to be appliedat the level of farmers' groups. SE seedlings technology was not recommended in smallholders, but it is possible tobe applied at private estates and national companies, that had better comprehend the application of such technologyand had adequate facilities. Local superior clones that had been identified as superior clones were Sulawesi-1,Sulawesi-2, Mocktar 01, and Buntu Batu, those were recomended to be released. Varietal released is one of majorrequirements that a clone can be developed for commercial purpose.Key words: Cocoa, propagation technology, seeds, superior clonesABSTRAKSalah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam peningkatan produksi kakao ialah rendahnya kualitas dankuantitas bibit. Padahal, program revitalisasi perkebunan kakao memerlukan bibit kakao hingga 75 juta bibit pertahun untuk mendukung pengembangan areal seluas 200.000 ha. Perbanyakan tanaman kakao secara vegetatifseperti sambung pucuk, sambung samping, okulasi, somatik embriogenesis (SE) dapat dilakukan sebagai salah satusolusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan penyediaan bibit kakao. Kajian dilaksanakan di dua kabupaten penghasilkakao yaitu Kabupaten Luwu dan Luwu Utara, pada bulan Februari sampai September 2012. Fokus kegiatan ialahpengkajian terhadap metode pembibitan kakao secara vegetatif yaitu sambung pucuk, sambung samping, okulasi,dan SE yang bertujuan mengetahui metode paling cocok untuk diterapkan di tingkat petani serta jenis klon sebagaisumber entres yang digunakan di Sulawesi Selatan. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam bentuk survai dengan memilihresponden di dua lokasi pengembangan kakao. Data pengamatan dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA dandiuji lanjut dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test pada taraf 95%. Untuk mengetahui kelayakan usahatanipembibitan kakao, maka dilakukan analisis Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tingkatkeberhasilan teknik sambung pucuk dan sambung samping di pesemaian dan di pertanaman cukup tinggi, sehinggakedua teknik perbanyakan bibit tersebut dapat direkomendasikan di tingkat kelompok tani. Penggunaan teknologibibit SE tidak dianjurkan diterapkan di perkebunan rakyat, tetapi sebaiknya diterapkan di perusahaan perkebunanswasta dan nasional yang memiliki fasilitas yang memadai. Klon unggul lokal yang sudah teridentifikasi dapatdikembangkan yaitu Sulawesi-1, Sulawesi- 2, Mocktar 01, dan Buntu Batu. Sebaiknya klon tersebut segeradiusulkan untuk dilepas sebagai klon unggul, sehingga mempunyai legalitas sebagai klon yang dapat digunakansebagai sumber entres.Kata kunci: Kakao, teknologi perbanyakan, bibit, klon unggu
KEUNTUNGAN PEMBESARAN SAPI PERANAKAN SIMMENTAL MELALUI PERBAIKAN PAKAN DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Full text linkABSTRACT Profit of Fattening on Simmental-Crossed Breed Cattles through to Feed’s Improvement in Semarang Regency, Central Java. Most of cattle management in Central Java is traditional farms with low meat production. One of the efforts to increase meat production is improvement of feed formulation for calves. This study aimed to determine the average daily gains (ADG) and profitability of cattle rearing with the improvement of feed formulation compared to the traditional one by farmers. The study was conducted in the Polosiri village, Bawen sub-district, Semarang regency from October to December 2012. A total of sixteen heads of Simmental-crossed breed of 6-8 months old were divided into two groups: one group was given feed improvement (elephant grass, fermented rice straw and concentrates) and another with farmer's feed formulation (elephant grass, rice straw, cassava and rice bran). ADG was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight divided by the period of rearing. The profit was calculated by financial feasibility using Benefit and Cost Ratio (BCR) formula, meanwhile, the difference of profit between two group was calculated by Marginal Benefit and Cost Ratio (MBCR). The results showed that ADG from feed improvement model was 0.66 + 0.17 kg/head/day which is higher than the farmer's feed models that accounted for 0.43 + 0.39 kg/head/day. The BCR analyses for feed improvement model and farmer’s model were 0.13 and 0.09, respectively, with the profit of Rp7.733.500 and Rp4.999.650, respectively. Different feeding model yielded MBCR value of 1.40. It can be concluded that fattening on Simmental-crossed breed cattle with feed improvement model in the form of elephant grass, fermented rice straw, and concentrates is able to improve ADG. Keywords: fattening, feed improvement, gain, profit ABSTRAK Usaha peternakan sapi di Jawa Tengah merupakan usaha ternak sapi rakyat dengan sistem pemeliharaan tradisional sehingga produktivitas daging rendah. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi daging sapi ialah membesarkan pedet melalui perbaikan pakan. Pengkajian dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mengetahui Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian (PBBH) dan keuntungan usaha pembesaran sapi yang mendapatkan perbaikan pakan dibandingkan pakan model peternak. Pengkajian dilakukan di Desa Polosiri, Kecamatan Bawen, Kabupaten Semarang, dari bulan Oktober–Desember 2012, menggunakan 16 ekor sapi peranakan Simmental umur 6–8 bulan yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok yang mendapatkan perbaikan pakan (rumput gajah, jerami fermentasi dan konsentrat dengan jumlah sesuai dengan bobot badan) dan kelompok model peternak (rumput gajah, jerami, ubi kayu dan bekatul. PBBH dihitung dengan mengurangi bobot badan akhir dan bobot badan awal dibagi waktu pembesaran. Keuntungan didekati dengan kelayakan finansial usaha dianalisis dengan membandingkan keuntungan dan biaya (BCR) dan rasio perubahan keuntungan dan biaya (MBCR). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa PBBH pada pembesaran anak sapi yang mendapat perlakuan perbaikan pakan sebesar 0,66 + 0,17 kg/ekor/hari lebih tinggi dibandingkan model peternak 0,43 + 0,39 kg/ekor/hari. Hasil analisis BCR memperoleh nilai 0,13 dan 0,09 untuk pemberian pakan perbaikan dan pakan peternak dengan keuntungan masing-masing Rp7.733.550 dan Rp4.999.950. Perbedaan pemberian pakan menghasilkan nilai MBCR = 1,40. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembesaran sapi peranakan Simmental dengan pemberian pakan perbaikan berupa rumput gajah, jerami fermentasi dan konsentrat mampu meningkatkan PBBH. Kata kunci: Pembesaran pedet, pakan perbaikan, bobot badan, keuntungan