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Potensi Batu Bara sebagai Bahan Baku untuk Pabrik Metanol
Get PDFPabrik ini rencana akan dibangun dan beroperasi pada tahun 2026 di Kecamatan Bontang Utara, Kota Bontang, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Perencanaan operasi pabrik adalah dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 625.000 ton/tahun yang berlangsung kontinyu selama 24 jam per hari dan 330 hari per tahun. Pabrik ini diharapkan akan menghasilkan produk metanol untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri dan mengurangi impor metanol dari berbagai negara. Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam pabrik pembuatan metanol ini adalah batu bara dengan jenis bituminous dengan nilai kalori cukup besar yakni sekitar 5.100 – 6.100 Kkal/kg ADB. Pabrik metanol dari batu bara dilakukan melalui dua proses utama, yaitu proses produksi synthetic gas (syngas) dari batu bara dan proses sintesis metanol dari syngas. Proses produksi syngas dari batu bara atau bisa disebut gasifikasi batu bara adalah proses konversi batu bara dengan suhu operasi tinggi yaitu dengan temperatur 1.350°C menggunakan alat gasifier bertipe entrained flow. Proses kedua adalah proses pembuatan metanol dari syngas dengan tipe proses ICI dengan tekanan rendah sekitar 50 bar dan suhu mencapai 270°C. Dari perhitungan analisa ekonomi, disimpulkan bahwa belanja modal (CAPEX) dan modal operasional (OPEX) yang dibutuhkan untuk menjalankan pabrik metanol ini adalah sebesar Rp5.305.611.929.285,03 dan Rp4.894.450.337.973,84. Perhitungan modal tersebut berasal dari pertimbangan dari beberapa aspek, misal dari harga pasar bahan baku, klasifikasi harga peralatan, biaya untuk operasi dan utilitas, jumlah gaji karyawan, pengadaan lahan untuk pabrik, dll. Selain itu berdasarkan analisa evaluasi atau penilaian investasi terhadap pabrik ini menunjukkan bahwa laju pengembalian modal (nilai IRR) diperoleh sebesar 34,25% per tahun yang nilainya lebih besar daripada bunga pinjaman modal bank yaitu sebesar 8,184% per tahun. Dalam perhitungan nilai NPV, diperoleh bahwa NPV bernilai positif yaitu sebesar Rp3.186.095.110.591,80. Waktu pengembalian modal minimum (Pay Out Time) untuk pabrik ini adalah selama 3 tahun 5 bulan dengan perkiraan usia pabrik 10 tahun. Dalam analisa BEP (Break Even Point), diperoleh nilai BEP adalah sebesar 31,60%. Jadi dari seluruh data analisa ekonomi yang telah ditinjau, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik ini layak untuk didirikan dan menghasilkan keuntungan.
Performance of Workability and Compressive Strength on Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete Based On High-Calcium Fly Ash With Addictive Admixture
Get PDFGeopolymer concrete has been developed as a replacement for conventional concrete with other pozzolan materials, which have a high silicate alumina content. Fly ash is a material that contains a high silicate alumina of 22%. The high content of Al and Si increases the compressive strength of concrete. High-calcium fly ash is abundantly found in Indonesia. However, it has not been widely used for industry or research, and this is due to the fast hardening time of concrete. Therefore, it has the potential to be developed. High-quality concrete has a low cement water factor that causes low workability in concrete. Self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) has been developed as a high-quality concrete innovation with high workability. Concrete is produced by using gravel, sand, fly ash, alkaline activator, and water materials. This study used 14 Molar levels of NaOH. The variations used were 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% superplasticizers (SP) made from polycarboxylate. This study used a dry mixing method to overcome the setting time on concrete. The results show that the workability that can be achieved is 645mm, and the compressive strength achieved is 41.7 Mp
Design Unmanned Minesweeper Catamaran as a Tool to Make a Safer Marine Environmental Using Analytical Methods
Get PDFAfter the war is over, the sea mine layer must be neutralized because if the mine explodes, it will cause environmental damage and the death of marine life. Minefields with very shallow water are difficult to clear using a minehunter. Mining in shallow sediment-covered areas is still hazardous, especially if the area is bridges, shore dredging, ports, or shipping lanes. This study designed the hull of the Unmanned Mines Sweeper (UMS) Catamaran, which towing side scan sonar so that it could double function as a mine-like detection and a survey vessel for seabed environmental conditions in very shallow areas. UMS design with analysis method using Maxsurf Modeler Advanced V21.13 software. Line plan design and general settings using AutoCAD software with data obtained from models designed using Maxsurf software. Total resistance value using Maxsurf Resistance Advanced V21.13 software. UMS uses a Catamaran design with an LoA of 4.823 meters, LwL of 4.177 m, and a width of 2.24 m. The ship has a high draft of 0.498 with a displacement of 1.557 tons. The results of the resistance analysis obtained Rt of 404.94 N. The drive system uses an electric motor that can provide endurance for 6 hours
Penentuan Effective Reproduction Number COVID-19 dengan Metode Particle Swarm Optimization pada Enam Provinsi di Pulau Jawa
Get PDFPenyakit COVID-19 pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, China. COVID-19 menular melalui cairan dari individu yang terinfeksi. Dalam 3 bulan sejak kemunculan pertama, COVID-19 telah menyebar ke 114 negara di dunia. Artinya penyakit ini memiliki tingkat penularan yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pemodelan untuk mengetahui penyebaran dari virus COVID-19 guna membantu dalam pengambilan kebijakan untuk menangani virus ini. Pada paper ini, model SIRD digunakan untuk memodelkan penyebaran COVID-19 di Indonesia dimana populasi dibagi menjadi empat kompartemen, yaitu Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Death. Kami melakukan pendekatan stokastik pada model SIRD agar model lebih realistis. Data yang digunakan pada paper ini adalah data COVID-19 pada enam provinsi di Pulau Jawa. Metode Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) digunakan untuk mengestimasi parameter model SIRD. Selanjutnya hasil estimasi parameter tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat penyebaran COVID-19 yang direpresentasikan dengan nilai Effective Reproduction Number . Berdasarkan hasil simulasi telah diperoleh nilai real time COVID-19 dari enam provinsi di Pulau Jawa. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa provinsi yang masih memiliki tingkat penyebaran COVID-19 tinggi adalah provinsi Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta. Untuk keempat provinsi yang lain, dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat penyebaran COVID-19 mulai menurun. Hasil estimasi memiliki nilai kesalahan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) dibawah 10%, artinya estimasi tersebut memiliki tingkat akurasi yang tinggi
The Role of Strategic Flexibility on Business Survival
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has had severe consequences across various aspects of life, significantly impacting the culinary sector, which is a crucial part of the tourism industry. Restrictions on dine-in services compelled businesses to adapt to take-out options, resulting in significant repercussions. To navigate these challenging times and ensure the survival and growth of the culinary industry, entrepreneurs and restaurant managers had to adopt innovative strategies. Income reductions affected nearly 43% of culinary businesses during this period. To investigate the dynamics further, the research conducted a PLS-SEM analysis, surveying 163 MSME owners or restaurant managers operating in the Surabaya city region, who had received government support and continued their business operations amidst the pandemic. The analysis revealed that strategic flexibility played a pivotal role in influencing marketing innovation and process innovation. However, the impact of marketing innovation on business survival was not direct, while process innovation significantly influenced business survival. Interestingly, the study observed that government support did not alter the relationships between marketing innovation, process innovation, and business survival
Numerical Study of Three-Dimensional Flow Characteristics in Isolation Rooms with Negative Pressure Differences
Get PDFThis paper will discuss computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling regarding a patient isolation room design with negative pressure. This model was made after conducting independence tests and validation data on several existing room designs. The room design is simulated with variations in pressure differences -2.5 Pa, -5 Pa, -8 Pa, and -15 Pa, respectively, and variations in the position of one bed and two beds. The results show that the stagnation flow that occurs in the isolation room with a two-bed configuration is a lot happens and in a dangerous position than the stagnation flow that occurs in the isolation room with a one-bed configuration. The greater the pressure difference used, the more uniform the pressure in the room. The conclusion is that the distribution of pressure difference variations has the same trend on the velocity and temperature distribution graph, then the pressure difference variation of -15 Pa has the best pressure distribution. Variations in bed position configuration affect the characteristics of airflow in the room. The velocity, pressure, and temperature along the bed are still within the patient's comfort limit
Studi Komparasi Elemen Interior Pada Kamar Tamu Resort Di Kawasan Banten
Get PDFResort adalah tempat singgah sementara dengan beragam kebutuhan seperti olahraga, pertemuan, kesehatan, agama, dan bisnis. Resort biasanya berlokasi di daerah alam seperti pantai atau pegunungan, untuk memberikan fasilitas bagi wisatawan agar dapat bersantai dan berlibur. Namun, nuansa interior khas nusantara semakin langka karena dampak modernisasi. Beberapa arsitek dan desainer interior kini mencoba menghadirkan kembali unsur- unsur kebudayaan nusantara dalam desain bangunan.Penelitian ini membandingkan elemen interior pada kamar tamu di 3 resort di Banten untuk mengkaji penerapan suasana modern tradisional. Hasilnya diharapkan memberikan manfaat bagi institusi pendidikan sebagai referensi dalam perancangan sejenis. Metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif digunakan dengan memilih 3 studi kasus resort di Banten, yakni Kalicaa Villa, Coconut Island, dan Novus Jiva. Data sekunder diperoleh dari literatur, jurnal, dan analisis hasil penelitian. Hasil komparasi menunjukkan Kalicaa Villa memiliki gaya modern minimalis dengan sentuhan alami dan tradisional pada elemen dekoratif. Coconut Island menampilkan gaya tradisional dengan penggunaan material kayu gelap dan ukiran yang memberikan kesan klasik. Sedangkan Novus Jiva menampilkan gaya modern minimalis tanpa ornamen. ketiga resort di Banten menampilkan gaya interior yang berbeda. Kalicaa Villa menggabungkan modern minimalis dan alami dengan sentuhan tradisional. Coconut Island menampilkan gaya tradisional dengan ornamen kayu yang klasik. Sementara itu, Novus Jiva menampilkan gaya modern minimalis tanpa ornamen
Penerapan Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique terhadap Data Perokok Anak di Nusa Tenggara Barat Tahun 2021
Get PDFIndonesia is ranked as the country with the highest number of young smokers in Southeast Asia. This situation is very worrying considering the negative impact of smoking can cause various health problems and even lead to death. West Nusa Tenggara Province has the highest percentage of children who smoke in Indonesia in 2021 at 2.28%. Data on children's smoking status is identified as unbalanced data because the ratio between children who smoke and do not smoke is very lame. Therefore, the binary logistic regression analysis method of the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique approach was applied to handle the problem. This study aims to determine an overview and identify variables that influence children's smoking behavior in West Nusa Tenggara in 2021 and their trends. The data used in this study are secondary data from the 2021 National Socio-Economic Survey with the unit analysis of children aged 5 to 17 years in West Nusa Tenggara in 2021. The results showed that gender, economic status, age, status of region of residence, education level of the head of household, and schooling status influenced children's smoking behavior in West Nusa Tenggara in 2021 with children who didnt attend school having the greatest tendency to smoke
Pemetaan Risiko Relatif Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Makassar Menggunakan Model Bayesian Spasial
Get PDFDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease that is still a main problem in public health in Indonesia. This study aims to map the relative risk (RR) of dengue cases in Makassar City using the Spatial Conditional Autoregressive (CAR) model with Bayesian approaches: Besag-York-Molliѐ (BYM) and Leroux models. The data used in this study is DHF case data from 2016 to 2018 for 15 sub-districts in Makassar City. The best model was based on the model fit criteria, namely Watanabe Akaike Information Criteria (WAIC) and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). The results indicate that the best model used to map the RR for DHF cases in 2016 and 2017 is the BYM CAR model, while the best model for 2018 is the Leroux CAR model. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that in 2016 the area with the highest RR was Manggala District and the lowest RR was Tamalate District. In 2017, the area with the highest RR was Ujung Pandang District and the lowest RR was Biringkanaya District. Meanwhile, in 2018, the area with the highest dan the lowest RR was Ujung Tanah and Tamalate Districts, respectively. The results of this study are expected to be able to assist the government in implementing the program to control dengue fever in Makassar City effectively and efficiently.Keywords⎯ Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Relative Risk Mapping, CAR BYM, CAR Leroux