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Bi-Edge Metric Dimension of Graphs
Get PDFGiven a connected G = (V(G),E(G)) graph. The main problem in graph metric dimensions is calculating the metric dimensions and their characterization. In this research, a new dimension concept is introduced, namely a bi-edge metric dimension of graph which is a development of the concpet of bi-metric graphs with the innovation of bi-metric graph representations to become the bi-edge metric graph representations. In this case, what is meant by bi-edge metric and edge detour. If there is a set in G that causes every edge in G has a different bi-edge metric representation in G, then that set is called the biedge metric resolving set. The minimum cardinality of the bi-edge metric resolving set graphs is called the bi-edge metric dimension of G graph, denoted by edimb(G). The spesific purpose of this research is to apply the concept of bi-edge metric dimensions to special graphs, such as cycle, complete, star and path can be obtained
Optimal Location Determination For Boarding House Development In The Buffer Area Of The Sepuluh Nopember Institute Of Technology
Get PDFThe limited availability and consequent high cost of land have driven urban development to focus on vertical structures, such as student boarding houses. The selection of locations for these boarding houses is crucial, as it involves numerous subjective criteria. Public participation is vital in understanding preferences and ensuring the optimal choice of settlements. Moreover, stakeholders can use this information to enhance planning efforts for areas with high potential for boarding house development, significantly impacting urban infrastructure. Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS) significantly influences the growth of vertical buildings, including apartments and boarding houses in its surrounding areas. This study analyzes the optimal locations for boarding houses development in the ITS buffer zone using multi-criteria decision analysis. By adopting a bottom-up approach that incorporates student preferences, the study evaluates importance score and values from variables such as proximity to the campus center, supermarkets, food vendors, accessibility, and land price range. The findings indicate that Gebang Putih, Kejawan Tambak, and Upper Keputih are the most suitable locations for boarding houses development
Penerapan Low Impact Development Dalam Perencanaan Drainase Perkotaan Di Kawasan Ibu Kota Baru Negara Indonesia
Get PDFIbu kota baru (IKN) Indonesia direncanakan akan dipindah ke kawasan tak terbangun di Kalimantan Timur. Terdiri dari tiga wilayah fungsi yang berbeda, Kawasan Inti Pusat Pemerintah (KIPP) akan dikembangkan menjadi tiga tahap, termasuk sistem drainasenya. Sistem drainase merupakan bagian penting dalam pembangunan ibu kota baru, karena dapat meningkatkan limpasan secara signifikan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemanfaatan Water Sensitive Urban Drainage (WSUD), khususnya Low Impact Development (LID), untuk mengatasi peningkatan limpasan di ibu kota baru Indonesia. LID yang dipilih adalah Green Roof dan Rainwater Harvesting berdasarkan kelayakannya. Hidrograf limpasan dievaluasi menggunakan curah hujan dengan periode ulang 10 tahun untuk skenario yang berbeda. Skenario 1, 2 dan 3 menerapkan Green Roof masing-masing 50%, 75%, dan 100% dari luas bangunan, sedangkan skenario 4 dan 5 memanfaatkan Rainwater Harvesting dengan menggunakan rasio volume tampungan terhadap luas wilayah, yaitu 54 m3 dan 12 m3 untuk setiap 200 m2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limpasan dengan menggunakan 100% Green Roof pada kawasan terbangun mengikuti kondisi alami, namun menempati luas yang sangat besar. Kondisi yang sama juga berlaku untuk Rainwater Harvesting untuk Skenario 4. Oleh karena itu, Skenario 5 merupakan skenario yang paling optimal di antara skenario lainnya, mengingat kemampuannya untuk mereduksi hidrograf limpasan mendekati kondisi alami dan kelayakannya untuk diterapkan
Optimization of Polycondensation of Polylactic Acid Using Al(DS)3 Catalyst
Get PDFPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a promising candidate as a renewable resource for plastic production. The use of PLA as a plastic material helps alleviate issues associated with waste. In the production of Polylactic Acid (PLA), by-products such as water are generated, and the Lewis acid catalyst used in PLA production is susceptible to rapid decomposition and deactivation by water. This research aims to optimize PLA polymerization using a water-resistant catalyst, Al(DS)3, to achieve an optimum PLA molecular weight.The synthesized PLA is then analyzed using viscometry to determine its molecular weight. Optimization is carried out using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD) matrix. The molecular weight of the synthesized PLA is measured through viscometry, and the data is input into Minitab to obtain the optimum point. This optimum point is further validated by calculating the error value from the optimization results. The optimized PLA results in a molecular weight of 10.313 g/mol with an error value of 4.47% at a catalyst concentration of 0.15% and an operating temperature of 180 °C
Design a smoke filter control system in fish burning furnaces to reduce the impact of air pollution
Get PDFSmoke filter technology using electrostatic preciptitator (ESP) is one of the methods of reducing smoke using copper slabs supplied with high voltage DC electricity. Voltage input comes from PLN 220 AC and converted into DC voltage and raised using flyback converter. When smoke passes through a negatively charged copper plate there will be irradiation and when it passes through a positively charged copper plate the smoke particles will be reduced. Used 2 carbon monoxide gas sensors to determine the success of the smoke filter system using electrostatic preciptitator, the system succeeds if the second sensor reading value is not more than 101 ppm (part per million) according to those determined by the local government so that it is safe for the environment. The quality of exhaust carbon monoxide (CO) gas emissions from the processing of this plant is better at about 31.46 ppm than 615.92 ppm (part per million) and can reduce the impact of air pollution produced by home industry despite the use of copper plates supplied by high voltages. Dust particles contained in smoke are able to filter about 0.18gram within 330 minutes. The reading results will be displayed on blynk as a form of monitoring
Evaluasi Efektivitas Pelayanan Aset Terintegrasi di Stasiun Padalarang
Get PDFStasiun Padalarang adalah kompleks stasiun KA yang terletak di Kertajaya, Padalarang, Bandung Barat pada ketinggian +695m. Stasiun Padalarang merupakan kompleks yang melayani dua jenis layanan kereta api yaitu, KAI Commuter Line dan Kereta Cepat Whoosh dari KCJB. Hasil observasi pendahuluan, terdapat indikasi permasalahan diantaranya, terdapat fasiltias yang tidak tersedia seperti ruang tunggu di stasiun kereta komuter dan juga stasiun kereta cepat yang memiliki lahan parkir terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kinerja pelayanan aset Stasiun Padalarang terintegrasi berdasarkan perspektif kepuasan penumpang stasiun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil evaluasi diperoleh bahwa kinerja pelayanan aset Stasiun Padalarang belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan SPM selain itu fasilitas yang sudah sesuai dengan SPM juga belum bisa memberikan pelayanan yang optimal kepada penumpang stasiun. Rekomendasi pemecahan masalah untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini adalah penambahan aset fasilitas aset stasiun
Behaviour of Synthetic Polymer-Modified Warm Mix Asphalt Under Oven Ageing Simulation
Get PDFThis research evaluates the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer-modified warm mix asphalt under the influence of ageing simulated through oven heating at 85oC in two different durations of 2 and 8 days. EVA contents of 4 - 6% of binder weight were employed, and the effect was measured through the semi-circular bending (SCB) test. Volumetric properties measurement showed negligible effect of polymer addition, with the difference in air void ratio ranging from 0.5% to 8% compared to the control mix. Meanwhile, the density and void in mineral aggregate (VMA) differed by a maximum of 2% compared with the control mixture. Moreover, the increase in the heating period was found to enhance the tensile strength, with a maximum difference of 81.72% exhibited by the mix with 0.5% EVA, corresponding to its tensile strength from the 8-day ageing conditioning by 28% larger than the control mix. Moreover, crack resistance and flexibility indexes (CRI and FI) were inversely proportional to the increase of polymer dosages for both 2- and 8-day aged specimens from being 20.5% and 52% to 6.4% and 18.3% larger than the control mixture, respectively, with the 8-day aged specimens having the CRI of 8% larger and FI of 8.7% smaller than the 2-day aged samples, indicating a brittle behaviour in respect to the ageing duration. Conclusively, the heating ageing simulation results in a brittle asphaltic mixture modified with EVA, displayed with higher strength and lower flexibility, particularly at 5% to 6% w/t
Fire Drill Performance Evaluation Model Onboard RoRo Passenger Ship
Get PDFFire accident onboard RoRo (Roll on/Roll off) passenger ferry notoriously indicates intense symptoms of human, technical and organisational issues. In some cases, the more complex the fire's origin, the more challenging the crew would handle handling, suppressing, and putting out the fire. The crew response plays a significant role in the success of firefighting onboard. The research focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of fire drill performance by developing an evaluation model based on the cognitive model and analytical network process. The model was developed to overview crew performance and consistency in conducting fire drills on board the roro passenger ship. The questionnaire is developed to obtain crew perspective and awareness of fire risks. The analytical network process (ANP) model is utilised to identify crew preference during fire drills. The result of decision-based research identified significant issues that occurred in every step of cognition. Competency and proficiency of the crew, along with continuous training and familiarisation, were the main issues in improving effectiveness in firefighting. The results of the analysis were resourceful evidence to enhance audit and supervision for the emergency preparedness system. In addition, it is also a reference for developing further training models to improve crew overall performance in firefighting
Composting as a Strategy for Biodegradable Marine Debris Reduction and Management in Jakarta
Get PDFThis study explores the potential for managing biodegradable marine debris waste in Jakarta City through composting, aiming to reduce and treat this waste effectively. In Jakarta, river debris predominantly consists of materials that degrade easily and are biodegradable. Composting represents the most straightforward method for processing this type of organic waste. The study's objective was to evaluate the feasibility of composting organic biodegradable river debris as a waste management strategy. Data collection was conducted at Emplacement Pluit, utilizing random sampling with the four quadrants method. Out of the total river debris generated daily, which amounts to 309 m³, approximately 9.07 m³/day was found suitable for composting. The composting process resulted in a significant reduction of river debris volume by 50.15% within a 30-day detention period. This process was facilitated by mesophilic microbial activity at temperatures between 30-38°C. During the first two weeks, the composting environment remained acidic until the pH stabilized to a normal range between 6.8 and 7.49. A notable observation was the high initial water content of the river debris, recorded at 53.846%, which only reduced to 42.857% by the end of the 30-day decomposition period. Therefore, a pretreatment step is recommended to optimize the water content before composting. Despite these challenges, the compost produced met the required standards set by SNI 19-7030-2004. This study underscores the importance of managing biodegradable organic waste at its source to alleviate the burden on landfills, which are currently operating beyond their capacity