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Design of IoT-Based One Axis Passive Solar Tracker
Get PDFPhotovoltaic (PV) is a device that has the ability to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The most popular way to improve performance in PV is to add solar tracker technology. There are 2 solar tracker methods, namely passive and active, in this study focuses on the passive method where the slope angle of the PV is calculated using astronomical calculations. The difference in previous research is that the PV tilt angle can be adjusted via cellphone, it has a function if the Tracker system is damaged it can be replaced first using this system. In this study, the INA219 sensor is used to measure the current, voltage, and power at the PV output, and the GY52MPU 6050 sensor is used to measure the PV slope. The results obtained from this study are the accuracy value of the INA219 sensor is 98.67% for power and 97.67% for current and there is an error of 1.33% for power and an error of 2.33% for current values. There is also an accuracy value of the GY52MPU6050 sensor which is 99.6% and an error of 0.4%. IoT is also carried out where if the current value is greater, the delay that occurs is also higher. There is also an increase in performance between fixed-based and tracker by 21% in sunny conditions, and 15% in cloudy conditions
OPTIMIZED BAMBOO PANELS TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE LIGHTING AND THERMAL SOLUTIONS
Get PDFThis research aims to explore diverse bamboo processing techniques for panel production and their impact on indoor environmental quality, with a focus on lighting and thermal comfort. By reviewing traditional and contemporary methods of bamboo technique, we identify optimal approaches for creating bamboo panels that enhance natural lighting and thermal conditions. Laboratory testing and simulations are employed to analyze changes in optical properties and thermal performance, including light transmission, diffusion, thermal conductivity, and insulation. The findings provide architects and construction professionals with actionable insights into leveraging bamboo's sustainability to achieve superior indoor environments. This study promotes eco-friendly building practices that prioritize occupant well-being and environmental preservation
Hydrothermal Identification Based on Rock Resistivity Value Using Dipole-dipole Configuration Geoelectric Method In Lemeu Village, Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province
Get PDFPotensi panas bumi identik dengan keberadaan gunung berapi sebagai sumber reservoir, namun sumber hidrotermal jarang ditemukan di tempat yang tidak berasosiasi dengan gunung berapi dan patahan. Salah satu daerah yang terdapat sistem hidrotermal yang berada di Desa Lemeu belum pernah diteliti. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2023 dan pengambilan data dilakukan di sekitar sumber air panas Desa Lemeu, Kabupaten Lebong, Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat X612-EM VHR MAE MULTICHANNEL Geoelectric RESISTIVIMETER. menggunakan konfigurasi dipol-dipol dengan nilai resistivitas rendah (20,5 Ωm). Nilai resistivitas rendah ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh sumber hidrotermal. Pada kedalaman 13,4 m, permukaan biasanya didominasi oleh lapisan hidrotermal, sedangkan nilai resistivitas yang relatif tinggi yaitu 8525 Ωm kemungkinan merupakan batuan keras. Berdasarkan hasil interpretasi penampang resistivitas 2D, terdapat sebaran hidrotermal pada garis survei di Desa Lemeu. Air panas tersebut diduga keluar ke permukaan melalui retakan batuan di bawah permukaan. Sehingga air panas mengalir melalui patahan-patahan di dekat daerah tersebut. Suhu udara di daerah tersebut sekitar 30˚-40˚ C. Karena patahan-patahan di sekitarnya cukup jauh, maka udara di daerah tersebut merambat ke permukaan dari patahan terdekat
Experimental Evaluation of Heat of Hydration in Concrete Incorporating Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Get PDFThis research aims to study the impact of supplementary cementitious materials on the heat of hydration of concrete. The experimental tests were performed for concrete with three size variations and seven variations of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to investigate its impact on the heat of hydration. The SCMs used in this research mainly come from industrial waste materials. Fly ash (FA), ground bottom ash (GBA), and silica fume (SF) were the waste materials used in this research. Tests were carried out for seven days for each variation to observe the effect of volume changes and the addition of SCMs on the change in concrete temperature. The experimental results indicated a direct correlation between concrete volume and maximum temperature, with notable variations in temperature distribution across the concrete mass. Typically, the highest temperature was observed at the core of the concrete. Fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) demonstrated an inverse relationship between their content as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and the maximum temperature achieved. Increasing the proportion of FA and BA in the concrete mixture resulted in a reduction of the hydration temperature. Additionally, silica fume (SF) was found to accelerate the hydration rate, though its efficacy in lowering the heat of hydration was significant only when its content exceeded 5%
Cultivating Microalgae with Biophotovoltaic to Produce Bioelectricity: A Bibliometric Analysis
Get PDFThis review investigates the role of microalgae in bioelectricity production through biophotovoltaic (BPV) systems, focusing on their dual benefits of generating renewable energy and treating wastewater while capturing CO2. The objective of this paper is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of publications from 2013 to 2024 to understand research trends, key contributors, and research hotspots in the field of microalgae-based BPV systems. Methods used include statistical analysis through VOSviewer to visualize the connections between articles and authors. The results show significant advancements in integrating of nanomaterials and microbial fuel cell technologies for bioelectricity generation, as well as ongoing challenges in scalability, voltage balance, and material optimization. This review provides insights into future research directions for improving BPV systems
Analysis of Fly Ash and Sandblasting Waste Addition in Cementitious Composite Lawn Table Reinforced by Cocofiber and Wiremesh
Get PDFConcrete technology has significantly advanced and remains an interesting research topic. The demand for cement usage rises significantly due to concrete usage in various sectors. Cement production leads to air pollution issues and causes a greenhouse effect, even in the modern filtration era. Fly ash is an industrial waste that has been identified as a viable substitute for cement due to its pozzolanic properties. Silica Sand is sandblasting waste, where added value is needed. This study investigates the effectiveness of fly ash substitution in the cement portion of cementitious composite materials as an effort to minimize cement usage. Using sandblasting waste is an effort to implement 3R activity (reduce, reuse, recycle) for maritime waste. Compressive and tensile tests were evaluated in the variation of fly ash substitution for cementitious composite reinforced by coco fiber and wiremesh model. The results show that a 40% fly ash substitution gives the highest compressive strength of 32.98 MPa and the tensile strength of 5.90 N/mm². The best model composition provides the increments of compressive and tensile strength compared to the control specimen at 43.60% and 12.60%, respectively. ANOVA tests confirmed the significance of the enhancing effect as the presence of fly ash, both for compressive and tensile strength. Additionally, static analysis simulations using Fusion360 software were performed and indicated that the cementitious composite lawn table prototype’s design is safe and has good formability, as a safety factor performed 2.26, exceeding the required value of 2.00. This result explicates that fly ash and waste materials can be effectively used in cementitious composites for practical applications
Strategi Penyediaan Lahan Pemakaman Perkotaan: Studi Kasus Kota Probolinggo
Get PDFPeningkatan jumlah penduduk perkotaan dan perkembangan yang pesat di Kawasan Perkotaan menyebabkan peningkatan kebutuhan prasarana dan sarana dasar perkotaan termasuk lahan pemakaman. Terutama sejak adanya pandemi covid-19 dimana terjadi peningkatan jumlah kematian penduduk di Kawasan Perkotaan dan menyebabkan kebutuhan akan lahan pemakaman meningkat dan adanya penolakan dari beberapa warga asli sekitar makam terhadap jenazah yang bukan berasal dari Wilayah tersebut atau yang berasal dari perumahan baru yang berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya tampung lahan pemakaman di Kota Probolinggo hingga 10 (sepuluh) tahun mendatang dan strategi penyediaan lahan pemakamannya. Analisis daya tampung lahan pemakaman dilakukan untuk membandingkan antara ketersediaan lahan pemakaman yang tersisa dengan kebutuhannya dan triangulasi data untuk mendapatkan strategi penyediaan lahan pemakaman yang dapat dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Probolinggo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya tampung lahan pemakaman masih mencukupi hingga tahun 2030. Akan tetapi, defisit/kekurangan lahan pemakaman diprediksi akan mulai terjadi di Kelurahan Triwung Lor, Jati dan Sukoharjo pada 2 tahun mendatang. Sedangkan untuk Wilayah Kecamatan, defisit lahan pemakaman diprediksi akan terjadi pada Kecamatan Kanigaran tahun 2028. Strategi Lahan pemakaman yang dapat dilakukan Pemerintah Kota Probolinggo, antara lain Penambahan luasan lahan pemakaman; Koordinasi dengan tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, ketua RT, dan juru kunci untuk meminimalisir konflik; Perubahan Peraturan Daerah Kota Probolinggo dan Peraturan Wali Kota Probolinggo dengan mangacu pada Peraturan diatasnya yang mengatur mengenai penyediaan lahan pemakaman bagi pengembang; dan Penampungan satu rekening dana kompensasi pembelian lahan makam oleh pengembang sehingga dapat digunakan sebagaimana mestinya
Analysis of the Global Structural Strength of a 35,000 DWT Single Point Mooring (SPM) Buoy Under Wave Loads
Get PDFSingle Point Mooring (SPM) systems are offshore structures facilitating cargo transfer between tankers and refineries in deeper waters to accommodate larger vessels. The marine environment at SPM sites often features unstable and extreme wave conditions, making it essential to understand the SPM's response to these forces. SPMs include an anchor system with mooring lines secured to the seabed. Evaluating the stress on these lines and the buoy structure under environmental loads is crucial. This research models the SPM structure using dimensional data and mooring line specifications. The hypothesis posits that, based on the significant wave height and 100-year wave period in the Balongan Sea, as well as the minimum breaking load value for a 35,000 DWT SPM, the maximum tension in the mooring lines is 956 kN, which is below 2261 kN. It means safe based on API RP 2KS (2005) standards. Thus, the mooring lines are safe during operations under 100-year environmental loads with a maximum tension of 1732 kN. The maximum stress on the SPM buoy structure is 1.87 MPa and 3.38 MPa in ULS and ALS conditions, respectively
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemilihan Layanan Kapal Penyeberangan Angkutan Penumpang Kapal Eksekutif dan Kapal Reguler di Pelabuhan Penyeberangan Bakauheni Lampung
Get PDFTerdapat kenaikan harga di beberapa transportasi seperti pesawat dan bus. Hal ini menyebabkan penumpang lebih memilih moda transportasi yang jauh lebih murah dan terjangkau. Layanan kapal penyeberangan kapal eksekutif dan kapal reguler merupakan salah satu transportasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menuju Jakarta dan sebaliknya. Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi permintaan penumpang dalam pemilihan layanan kapal penyeberangan rute Bakauheni-Merak serta menganalisis peluang atau probabilitas penumpang yang menggunakan kapal eksekutif dan kapal reguler penyeberangan rute Bakauheni-Merak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dan analisis probabilitas dengan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian ini faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam pemilihan layanan penyeberangan pada kapal eksekutif yaitu faktor waktu perjalanan sebesar 56% dan pada kapal reguler yaitu faktor tarif sebesar 79%. Didapatkan persamaan regresi linear berganda Y = 0,187 + 0,178 X1 + 0,252 X2 + 0,177 X3 + 0,212 X4 + 0,128 X5 untuk kapal eksekutif dan Y = 0,114 + 0,120 X1 + 0,244 X2 + 0,243 X3 + 0,256 X4 + 0,099 X5 untuk kapal reguler dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) kapal eksekutif sebesar 0,876 dan kapal reguler sebesar 0,855. Dengan nilai utilitas kapal eksekutif sebesar 3,8309 dan kapal reguler sebesar 3,3773. Berdasarkan perhitungan dari persamaan di atas didapat nilai persentase probabilitas untuk pemilihan layanan kapal penyeberangan kapal eksekutif sebesar 61,15% dan kapal reguler sebesar 38,85%