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Effect of Ron Increase in Molasses Gasoline-Bioethanol Mixture on 4-Stroke Gasoline Engine Performance
Get PDFThe development of technology in the 4.0 era has led to higher energy consumption. Meanwhile, Indonesia's energy consumption has been increasing every year. This requires the substitution of alternative energy vehicle fuels. One of them is bioethanol. Bioethanol can be obtained from plants, namely molasses. The use of RON enhancers can increase the octane rating so that low quality fuel can be used. By using high octane, the performance and fuel consumption will be optimal. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of a 4-stroke petrol engine. This research uses an experimental approach where direct experiments are carried out on torque, power and fuel consumption. The data obtained is also presented graphically. In this study, the independent variables used were Ron enhancers with masses of 0ml, 5ml, 10ml, 15ml and molasses bioethanol percentages of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%. Control variables engine speed 5500 rpm to 9000 rpm. The highest power results were obtained with a mixture of 0% bioethanol and 5ml RON enhancer, 7.90hp at 8000 rpm. The highest torque is achieved with a mixture of 0% bioethanol and 15ml RON enhancer 8.74 Nm at 6000 rpm. For fuel consumption, the 15% bioethanol mixture with the addition of 0ml RON enhancer is the lowest at 0.0804 kg/Hp.hour at 6000 rpm
Comparative Analysis of Space-Based Battery, Fuel Cell, and Conventional Propulsion System for General Cargo Ships Of Approximately 100 Meters
Get PDFThis research aims to serve as a guidebook or framework for designing a general cargo ship, approximately 100 meters in length, by replacing the conventional diesel system with hydrogen and fuel cell technology. The reference vessel for this study is the general cargo ship with about 100m length operated in Baltic Sea. The results of this research provide the foundational calculations for designing a ship powered by hydrogen fuel cells, including the selection of hydrogen type, battery choice, and compliance with class standards. Additionally, the transformation of the ship's layout is a key outcome of this study. Based on the calculations, the ship, with a sailing duration of approximately three days, requires around 2800 kg of liquid hydrogen. This hydrogen supply can support 4 x 200 kW fuel cells and 5 x 70 kWh batteries. Ultimately, this allows for the design of a hydrogen-powered ship with an endurance of three days
Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemilihan Moda Suroboyo Bus Masyarakat di Kota Surabaya
Get PDFMasalah transportasi dan dampaknya terhadap lingkungan menjadi perhatian utama karena sektor transportasi adalah penyumbang utama emisi karbon yang signifikan terhadap perubahan iklim. Pemilihan moda transportasi berdampak pada polusi udara, peningkatan suhu permukaan bumi, dan kesehatan, serta perubahan iklim. Penggunaan moda transportasi berkelanjutan seperti berjalan, bersepeda, atau transportasi umum, dapat menekan emisi karbon. Kota Surabaya berencana mengembangkan sistem transportasi berkelanjutan melalui program Green Infrastructure Initiative, dalam upaya mengurangi emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) secara berkelanjutan. Selain itu Kota Surabaya juga sudah tersedia layanan transportasi berkelanjutan berupa Suroboyo Bus, dengan rute yang dikembangkan secara bertahap. Jurnal ini membahasa faktor-faktor kondisi lingkungan binaan dan perilaku perjalanan masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan data kondisi lingkungan berdasarkan karakteristik Density, Diversity, Design, dan Destination Accessibility di 18 Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) menggunakan data sekunder dan survei kuesioner. Analisis menggunakan Multinomial Logit Model untuk memprediksi pemilihan moda Suroboyo Bus. Dari hasil pemodelan, diketahui faktor signifikan pada derajat kepercayaan 95% pemilihan moda Suroboyo Bus dipengaruhi oleh waktu perjalanan, kepadatan bangunan, kepadatan perumahan kepadatan penduduk, dan jarak ke lokasi Point of interest (POI) pada derajat kepercayaan 90%. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rekomendasi kebijakan dan strategi dalam rencana pengembangan ataupun kebijakan yang mendukung perencanaan transportasi berkelanjutan Kota Surabaya
Evaluation of International Shipping Alliance: A Case Study of Transport Capacity and Cost Efficiency Influence the Quality of Cooperation Inter-Country Using Discriminant Analysis
Get PDFShipping is a source of income that entrepreneurs increasingly demand because of the public's high use of this service, both for traveling and sending and transporting goods. Shipping companies offer their services domestically and cooperate with foreign shipping companies to increase revenue. In addition to increasing revenue, this business can increase the quality of cooperation between countries, which can be seen from transportation capacity and cost efficiency because more fleets will be provided, and infrastructure will be adequate because it consists of more than one country. Even though the shipping system cooperates with other countries and has an international standard, this does not necessarily satisfy the public with the service in the form of transportation capacity and fees charged. Not infrequently, many people complain that the costs incurred are quite high, but the implemented system is not following what most people expect. To see the quality of cooperation between countries (Y), this research will look at the transportation capacity factor (X1) and also cost efficiency (X2) using the discriminant analysis method. Discriminant analysis is a statistical method used to categorize an object into two or more groups based on the independent variable (X) used. The results obtained in this study show that the majority of people are satisfied with the existence of an international shipping alliance that is equal to 78%, with only cost efficiency (X2) being the main factor affecting customer satisfaction with the resulting classification accuracy rate of 71% and good models by 61%.
Risk Factors for Lymphatic Filariasis in Endemic Areas of Papua Using Binary Logistic Regression Based on Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique
Get PDFNeglected tropical diseases (NTDs), such as lymphatic filariasis (LF), are a significant issue in Indonesia. The high percentage of LF in Papua highlights the urgency of addressing LF in the area due to its devastating impact on the health and economy of the poor. Moreover, imbalanced outcome variable categories are a common issue in logistic regression analysis using medical data. One of the solutions to this problem is using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). Therefore, this study aims to provide an overview of LF cases in endemic areas of Papua and identify the factors that influence its occurrence using binary logistic regression analysis and the SMOTE method. The data utilized was the LF diagnosis status of individuals in endemic areas of Papua Province, Indonesia as contained in the Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018. It was found that the SMOTE approach in binary logistic regression analysis can be used to address data imbalance. The following factors are significant: sex, age, occupation, education level, use of mosquito bite preventive measures, use of latrines for defecation, and participation in Mass Drug Administration (MDA)
Perbandingan Desain Kontrol Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) dan Pole Placement untuk Sistem Dua Tangki yang Saling Berinteraksi
Get PDFThe interacting two-tank system provides important benefits in maintaining water quality, preventing pollution, and optimizing the distribution of clean water in various industrial applications. Therefore, it is important to control the water level for the interacting two-tank system in order to generate drinking water of high quality that is suitable for consumption for the community and other living beings. In this article, we analysis the stability and controllability the model of the interacting two-tank system. The result of the analysis prove that the system is stable and controllable. Furthermore, to control the water level, we using two methods that is Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Pole Placement. We compared two control methods and examined which one provided faster stability and more robust from disturbances. Based on the simulation output, it can be concluded that Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) performs better than Pole Placement. Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) enables the system to achieve faster stability without overshoot and is more robust against disturbances. However, the simulation waiting time for Pole Placement is faster than FL
Analisis Kebisingan Studio Perancangan terhadap Konsentrasi Mahasiswa Desain Interior Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Get PDFRuang studio perancangan merupakan ruang yang memiliki peranan penting dalam proses perancangan mahasiswa interior. Melalui ruangan ini, mahasiswa dapat menuangkan ide yang telah dianalisis kedalam sebuah desain. Namun, untuk mendukung keberhasilan perancangan tersebut, kebisingan dalam ruangan perlu diperhatikan. Suara bising perlu diminimalisir agar performa dan kinerja mahasiswa dapat menjadi maksimal. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis bertujuan untuk menyelidiki keterkaitan suara bising dari ruang studio dengan konsentrasi mahasiswa melalui pengukuran kebisingan pada beberapa titik di dalam ruangan studio pada saat jam perkuliahan berlangsung dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden yaitu mahasiswa Program Studi Desain Interior Universitas Kristen Maranatha angkatan 2020-2022. Penelitian ini akan menyelaraskan keluhan dari mahasiswa terhadap kebisingan kelas dengan standar yang ada. Sehingga diharapkan setelah penelitian selesai, masalah yang terdapat pada ruang studio perancangan, khususnya soal kebisingan dapat diminimalisir dengan penempatan peredam suara di titik paling bising, sehingga konsentrasi mahasiswa dapat meningkat dan kinerja mahasiswa dalam mendesain semakin maksimal
Analisis pengaruh bentuk model breakwater-integrated Oscillating Water Column
Get PDFOscillating Water Column adalah jenis konverter energi gelombang yang memanfaatkan gerakan naik turun kolom air internalnya akibat beban dinamik gelombang laut. Ada dua jenis model yang dibahas dalam studi ini, yaitu bentuk konvensional (L-OWC) dan U-OWC. Simulasi numerik untuk kedua model OWC tersebut menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics dan OpenFOAM solver. Perbandingan hasil elevasi muka air teoritis dengan tangki gelombang numerik melalui solver tersebut membuktikan validitas pemodelan numeriknya. Studi ini menemukan bahwa model L-OWC memiliki performa yang lebih baik dari segi nilai RAO dan efisiensi hidrodinamisnya. Namun, bentuk kolom air tidak terlalu mempengaruhi koefisien refleksi dalam kondisi resonansi. Simulasi numerik kedua model OWC untuk kondisi perairan laut Belawan juga telah dilakukan dan mengindikasikan hal yang sama. L-OWC memperoleh nilai efisiensi hidrodinamik sebesar 81.97% sedangkan U-OWC bernilai 10.8%
Pemodelan Determinan Pengeluaran Kesehatan Katastropik Rumah Tangga Pekerja Informal dengan Regresi Logistik Firth
Get PDFKetidakmampuan sektor formal menyerap besarnya angkatan kerja mendorong pertumbuhan sektor informal, khususnya di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Mayoritas pekerja di sektor informal tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan, sehingga mereka harus menanggung pengeluaran kesehatannya sendiri (OOP). Besarnya OOP meningkatkan risiko terjadinya pengeluaran kesehatan katastropik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengeluaran kesehatan katastropik, mengidentifikasi faktor penentunya, dan mengukur kecenderungan rumah tangga pekerja informal untuk mengalami kejadian tersebut di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2023 berdasarkan data Susenas Maret 2023. Analisis penelitian menggunakan grafik dan regresi logistik biner Firth. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebesar 2,45% rumah tangga pekerja informal mengalami pengeluaran kesehatan katastropik pada ambang batas 10%. Persentase lebih tinggi terjadi pada rumah tangga dengan pendidikan tertinggi ART SMA ke atas, adanya lansia dan balita, memiliki lebih dari 4 ART, KRT bekerja di sektor nonpertanian, tidak menerima bantuan sosial, sebagian ART memiliki JKN, tinggal di perdesaan, serta pernah rawat jalan dan rawat inap. Rumah tangga pekerja informal yang memiliki ART lansia, seluruh ART tidak memiliki JKN, serta ART pernah rawat jalan dan rawat inap lebih cenderung untuk mengalami pengeluaran kesehatan katastropik