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Experimental Analysis of Gas Split Injection Effect on Dual-Fuel Engine Performance
Get PDFThe application of a dual-fuel engine has massively been used as the main engine. However, in dual-fuel engine operations, problems occur in low-load operations. The combustion quality with unstable combustion conditions and relatively low thermal efficiency. In this research, a gas split injection strategy was implemented on the dual-fuel engine. The purpose of this research is to compare the performance of the engine between dual-fuel operations using gas split injection strategy and single injection. Furthermore, split injection is a fuel injection system by dividing the injection into several injection stages with a certain mass and period. This injection system was applied on a dual-fuel engine system, which was previously a modification of the conventional diesel Yanmar TF 85 MH. The variation in this study is the injection split ratio (ISR) 75-25, variations in injection time, and variations in load with specified engine speed at 2000 RPM. The results obtained in this study are the best variations found in ISR 75-25 gas split injection with injection distance at 260°bTDC & 244°bTDC. Due to the injection distance, a significant difference occurred in all parameters tested between single injection and split injection. The significance of the difference in power, torque, BMEP, SFOC, and the thermal efficiency only occurs at 100% load, which is 4.3%; 4.2%; 4.2%; 16%; 18.3%
Analisis Tata Ruang dan Makna Simbolis Ragam Hias Binatang pada Klenteng Tulus Harapan Kita (Thian Huo Kiong) Gorontalo
Get PDFKlenteng adalah tempat ibadah Tionghoa yang identik dengan warna merah pada bangunannya. Tak hanya warna, klenteng juga memiliki pembagian ruang khusus untuk altar sembahyang yang biasanya terbagi dalam beberapa area. Masing-masing area memiliki keunikan tersendiri yang menarik untuk dianalisa interiornya. Di Klenteng Tulus Harapan Kita (Thian Huo Kiong) Gorontalo terdapat beberapa ragam hias makhluk hidup yang diterapkan pada interior baik berupa lukisan maupun ukiran di dinding. Ragam hias makhluk hidup yang paling sering dijumpai pada klenteng ini adalah naga dan singa dimana elemen-elemen ini memiliki makna simbolis masing-masing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pembagian tata ruang dalam interior Klenteng Tulus Harapan Kita (Thian Huo Kiong) Gorontalo dan makna simbolis dari ragam hias binatang yang terdapat di dalam klenteng. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan pengumpulan data akan dilakukan dengan dua cara yakni teknik observasi dan studi literatur
Perancangan Desain Motif Baju sebagai Penunjang Identitas Tradisi Malam Selawe di Gresik
Get PDFTradisi Malam Selawe merupakan kegiatan mencari berkah yang rutin diadakan setiap tahun pada akhir bulan Ramadhan. Tetapi dari beberapa masyarakat, khususnya para remaja Gresik sendiri masih kurang memahami dan menyalahartikan makna dari tradisi itu diadakan. Sehingga dalam kegiatan Tradisi Malam Selawe membutuhkan media yang dapat digunakan sebagai media pengenalan sejarah dan budaya dalam bentuk merchandise berupa desain motif baju. Perancangan desain merchandise ini menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu, observasi, analisis segmentasi dan depth interview. Metode perancangannya dimulai dari tahap pengumpulan data, melakukan analisis data, selanjutnya membuat konsep visual desain melalui sketsa digital dengan membuat tiga desain motif yang saling berhubungan. Desain motif yang dibuat diadaptasi dari elemen-elemen yang ada dalam Tradisi Malam Selawe mencakup sejarah, makna, kebudayaan, dan aktifitas masyarakat sekitar untuk diwujudkan menjadi identitas visual Tradisi Malam Selawe. Tujuan perancangan ini adalah untuk membuat desain merchandise Tradisi Malam Selawe sebagai media pengenalan sejarah dan budaya bagi masyarakat yang mengikuti kegiatan.Malam Selawe tradition is a blessing-seeking activity that is routinely held every year at the end of the month of Ramadan. However, some people, especially the Gresik teenagers themselves still do not understand and misinterpret the meaning of the tradition being held. So that in the Malam Selawe tradition, it requires media that can be used as a medium for introducing history and culture in the form of merchandise in the form of clothing motif designs. The design of this merchandise design uses several methods, namely, observation, segmentation analysis and depth interviews. The design method starts from the data collection stage, performs data analysis, then creates a visual design concept through digital sketches by making three interconnected motif designs. The motif designs that are made are adapted from elements that exist in the Malam Selawe tradition, including history, meaning, culture, and activities of the surrounding community to be transformed into a visual identity of the Selawe Night Tradition. The purpose of this design is to design Malam Selawe Tradition merchandise as a medium for introducing history and culture to the people who participate in the activity.
Fatigue Life Analysis of Mooring System: The Effect of Asymmetry Mooring System Configuration on Single Point Mooring
Get PDFThis journal explains the fatigue life analysis of anchor chain in the stand-alone single point mooring by comparing the 4x1 asymmetric and symmetrical mooring system configurations to determine whether the effect of the asymmetrical mooring system configuration on the fatigue life of the anchor chain is related to the length of the mooring lines, the pretensions of the mooring lines, and the angle of spread. The analysis was reviewed on the condition of ULS and FLS environmental loading based on API RP 2 SK code using Orcaflex with 3 hours of time- domain simulation. In the ULS condition, the symmetrical configuration can withstand environmental loads better in the direction of 0o and 180o with the generated maximum tension and maximum offset value smaller than the result from asymmetrical configuration. While the asymmetrical configuration can withstand environmental loads better in the direction of 90o and 270o with the generated maximum tension and maximum offset value smaller than the result from symmetrical configuration. In the FLS condition, the asymmetrical configuration has a longer minimum fatigue life and design life of anchor chain than the symmetrical configuration. This happens because of the spread angle of the mooring line, the length of the mooring line, and the pretension of the mooring lin
Analysis and Design Recommendation of Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Wall with Modification of Wall Opening and Reduced Beam Section
No full textCorrugated Steel Plate Shear Wall (CSSW) is one type of seismic-resistant steel structure stiffener that can anticipate large amounts of earthquake energy. There is difficulty in informing the behavior of the nonlinear corrugated steel plate shear wall behavior, in particular the wall with an opening. Because the CSSW design methodology has not been included in the design standards. In this paper, research has been carried out on new methods that can be used in CSSW. This research was carried out by applying loading to the specimen with two models, namely Vertical CSSW and Horizontal CSSW with an opening of 10%. From the results of this study, the highest ductility value was 16.0 and had an average energy dissipation value of 7862.63 kN.m. The results of this study indicate that each of the Vertical and Horizontal CSSW specimens was able to increase the stiffness and capacity of the structure
KOMPOSIT CARBON FIBER SANDWICH SEBAGAI BAHAN ALTERNATIF PENGGANTI ALUMUNIUM ALLOY 6063 PADA KNUCKLE PLATE MOBIL NOGOGENI 5 EVO
Get PDFNogogeni merupakan mobil riset ramah lingkungan dan hemat energi yang dirancang untuk mendapatkanefisiensi tinggi. Untuk mencapai rancangan tersebut maka tim harus mereduksi berat pada kendaraan. Salah satuupaya untuk mereduksi berat mobil adalah dengan menggunakan komponen mobil dengan material dasar yang lebihringan, maka nilai efisiensi akan bertambah baik Untuk mendapatkan komponen mobil yang ringan maka dipilihlahkomposit sandwich serat karbon fiber dan double layer alumunium honeycomb core dengan variasi arah serat. Tujuandari tugas akhir ini adalah untuk membantu tim Nogogeni mendapatkan altematif pemilihan bahan dasar yang ringannamun tidak mengesampingkan kekuatan material. Setelah dilakukan pengujian bending diketahui bahwa datapengujian menghasilkan stiffness sebesar 1370.36 N/mm, facing bending stress 184.405 MPa, core shear ultimatestress 0,792 MPa komposit yang terbaik terdapat pada arah serat 0 0 , juga hasil momen bending karbonfiber dandouble layer aluminum honeycomb core lebih besar 517.62% dibandingkan dengan alumunium alloy 6063 T6-6h,model kegagalan komposit sandwich serat karbonfiber dengan double layer alumunium honeycomb core akibatpengujian bending (three point bending) berupa kegagalan indentation dan kegagalan core shear
Customer Loyalty Behaviour Brand Air Conditioner XYZ: Combination of Expectation- Confirmation Theory, Satisfaction – Loyalty, and Brand Reputation
Get PDFList of Selected Providers (LSP) is a list stating that goods/ service providers have passed the qualification assessment mechanism at PT XYZ. The qualification assessment process is an important stage in the process of goods/ service procurement because it affects the success of a project. Up to now, the qualification assessment process at PT XYZ has not been managed comprehensively, resulting in delays or failure of project completion. Therefore, to get a qualified and best provider of goods/ services, the qualification assessment process using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) is necessary to be carried out. The process of this research started from selecting criteria through the Delphi method, then performing a pairwise comparison using questionnaires on each of the criteria identified. Subsequently, the data were processed using the ANP software, namely Super Decisions Version 3.2.0 to obtain the weight of each criterion. The next stage was to carry out an assessment of the goods or service providers following the LSP process. The final result of this research was to obtain the weight of each qualification criterion to determine a competent and threshold-passing provider projected to be included in the LSP
THE EFFECTIVENESS NUMBER OF BAFFLE BLOCKS TO REDUCE ENERGY IN TUKUTAHA TRANSITION CHANNELS
Get PDFOne of the causes of damage to the weir structure is scouring. Scouring may occur along the weir channel. Scouring occurs due to the high flow velocity and high specific energy. One of the methods used to reduce specific velocity and energy is by installing baffle blocks in parts that have high-velocity and energy. The addition of baffle blocks is carried out at a place that has a high-velocity, namely the transition channel. To see the effect of baffle block variation on velocity and energy, a study was conducted. The study was conducted with four baffle block type models. The type 0 model is a baffle block installation pattern based on the initial design. Type 1 model is designed based on the planning of The Colorado State University (CSU) rigid boundary basin. Type 2 model is designed by reducing the number of baffle blocks from the initial design of 102 baffles to as many as 75 baffles. while the 3 channel type model transitions without baffle blocks. Based on the analysis of % energy loss in the transition channel, the type 0 model produces the largest energy loss. The type 0 model at maximum discharge has a % energy loss 10.821% greater than the type 1 model, 14.889% greater than the type 2 model and 33.02 % greater than the type 3 model
Minyak Goreng Dedak Padi dengan Metode Batchwise Solvent Extraction
Get PDFKebutuhan impor minyak goreng non-sawit di Indonesia tergolong tinggi. Minyak dedak padi (rice bran oil) merupakan salah satu jenis minyak goreng non-sawit yang berpotensi sebagai pengganti minyak goreng berbahan sawit.Ditinjau dari segi kesehatan, minyak goreng yang baik untuk dikonsumsi adalah minyak goreng yang memiliki kandungan asam lemak bebas (free fatty acid) oleic yang tinggi. Di Antara minyak goreng sering dikonsumsi oleh warga Indonesia, minyak dedak padi memiliki kandungan oleic tinggi yaitu sebesar 40-50%. Maka dirancanglah pabrik yang direncanakan beroperasi secara kontinu 24 jam selama 330 hari per tahun dengan kapasitas produksi 16.000 ton/hari. Pabrik ini akan didirikan di Lamongan, Jawa Timur, dimana produksi dedak padi 5 tahun terakhir sebesar 363 ribu ton. Terdapat tiga tahapan utama dalam pembuatan minyak goreng dari dedak padi, diantaranya: Persiapan bahan baku (Pre-treatment), Proses Ekstraksi, dan Proses Pemurnian. Pada tahap pemurnian diharapkan memiliki kandungan FFA kurang dari 0,3%. Sumber investasi pabrik minyak goreng dari dedak padi berasal dari 50% dana pribadi dan 50% dana pinjaman dari bank, dengan bunga bank dan laju inflasi berturut-turut 8% dan 1,55% per tahun. Untuk memproduksi minyak goreng dedak padi dengan umur pabrik adalah 10 tahun serta masa konstruksi selama 2 tahun , diperlukan biaya investasi sebesar Rp. 216.472.733.453,87. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi, laju pengembalian modal (IRR) sebesar 28,80% serta waktu pengembalian modal (POT) selama 2,87 tahun dengan titik impas (BEP) sebesar 36,05% melalui cara linear. Oleh karena itu, dengan perhitungan analisis ekonomi dan sensitivitas, maka pabrik minyak goreng dari dedak padi ini layak untuk didirikan
