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Turismo y transporte, dos demandas y un destino
Get PDFEn este trabajo se analiza la fuerte interrelación entre la demanda ligada al turismo internacional y la asociada al transporte aéreo. Con este propósito, se hace una revisión de la literatura académica y se aportan datos detallados sobre las vías de acceso de turistas internacionales con destino a una región española. Sobre esta base, se tratan de identificar algunos factores determinantes que explican la relación entre ambas demandas, incluyendo el papel de las compañías aéreas de bajo coste, las externalidades negativas asociadas al transporte aéreo y la política aeroportuaria (tasas e inversiones)
Curriculum and education in the prison system: ideological and epistemological disputes for incarcerated students
Get PDF[por] Este artigo aborda o currículo do Ensino de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) voltado para alunos apenados, destacando as disputas ideológicas e epistemológicas que permeiam a educação prisional no Brasil. Evidenciando que enquanto alguns vêem a educação carcerária como um direito fundamental para a ressocialização, outros a restringem à qualificação técnica, ou até a negam. O estudo contrapõe o enfoque tecnicista, focado na formação profissional, à abordagem humanista, que visa o desenvolvimento ético, social e cultural dos alunos. A análise discute a necessidade de superar a lógica neoliberal da educação, incorporando a Epistemologia da Complexidade de Edgar Morin para uma abordagem pedagógica que considere o contexto sociocultural dos apenados. Conclui-se que, para ser eficaz, o currículo deve ir além da capacitação técnica, promovendo a reflexão crítica e a autonomia dos sujeitos, preparando-os para sua reintegração social.[cat] L’article analitza el currículum de l’Educació de Persones Joves i Adultes (EJA) en el sistema penitenciari brasiler, posant en relleu les disputes ideològiques i epistemològiques que travessen l’educació a la presó. El treball contraposa un enfocament tecnicista, centrat en la qualificació professional, amb una perspectiva humanista i crítica, orientada al desenvolupament integral, l’autonomia i la reflexió crítica dels alumnes privats de llibertat. A partir de l’Epistemologia de la Complexitat d’Edgar Morin, l’article defensa la necessitat de superar la lògica neoliberal del currículum i d’incorporar el context sociocultural de l’alumnat apenat com a eix de la pràctica pedagògica, amb l’objectiu de facilitar processos reals de ressocialització i reintegració social
Judicial independence through the lenses of EU judges: Constitutional momentum in support of European Union law and of a European Union based on the rule of law
No full textIn the framework of the European Union, the concept of judicial independence is of particular significance, a point that is of increasing relevance. The concept is becoming more precisely defined, and it shows indicators for its assessment that are worthy of note. However, it is not yet fully formed, and is still a work in progress. It is being developed at an unprecedented pace for a very specific reason: its importance to the construction of Europe. This paper will focus on the elements that are vital in defining judicial independence. A series of questions will be raised that are key to making progress in defining the concept of judicial independence. In this paper, I will put forward my vision of judicial independence and raise specific topics and questions that I believe need to be considered fully if we are to make any progress towards achieving a robust judicial independence. First, the differences in the understanding of judicial independence on the part of the European Court of Human Rights on the one hand, and the Court of Justice of the European Union on the other are presented. Secondly, essential elements of subjective and objective judicial independence are highlighted. Thirdly, judicial independence as a judge’s right is explained. Finally, the most important elements of judicial accountability are discussed
Efficacy and Safety of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Infective Endocarditis
Get PDFObjectives: Acute ischaemic strokes (stroke) are frequent and severe extracardiac complications in infective endocarditis (IE). Because intravenous thrombolysis (i.v.-thrombolysis) is contraindicated, mechanical thrombectomy (thrombectomy) offers potential benefits. We aimed to compare thrombectomy efficacy and safety between IE-related and general stroke cases.
Methods: Multicentre study of consecutive IE cases treated with thrombectomy at nine stroke centres in Spain from 2011 to 2022. Using propensity score matching, 50 IE cases were 1:4 matched with patients without IE stroke (n = 200). Efficacy was defined by successful recanalization rates (modified treatment in cerebral ischaemia scale ≥2 b), neurological improvement at 24 hours (decrease of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale compared with baseline), and good neurological outcome rates at 3 months (modified Rankin scale ≤2). Safety was assessed by intracranial haemorrhage (IC-haemorrhage), symptomatic IC-haemorrhage, crude mortality, and stroke-related mortality.
Results: Among 54 IE cases, 50 were matched with 200 controls. Successful recanalization was similarly achieved in both groups (76% vs. 83%). Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at 24 hours was comparable, with analogous rates of neurological improvement (78% vs. 78%), and early dramatic response (48% vs. 46.5%). No differences were seen regarding IC-haemorrhage rates, except for when prior i.v.-thrombolysis was given. Although crude mortality was higher in the IE cohort, no differences were seen in stroke-related mortality (12% vs. 15%). At 3 months, modified Rankin scale scores of the two groups were superimposable.
Discussion: Thrombectomy in IE is as effective and safe as in patients without IE, and prior i.v.-thrombolysis could decrease the procedural safety. Clinical practice guidelines may consider including the recommendation to perform thrombectomy alone in IE-related stroke
Primary plasma cell leukemia: consensus definition by the International Myeloma Working Group according to peripheral blood plasma cell percentage
Get PDFPrimary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) has a consistently ominous prognosis, even after progress in the last decades. PCL deserves a prompt identification to start the most effective treatment for this ultra-high-risk disease. The aim of this position paper is to revisit the diagnosis of PCL according to the presence of circulating plasma cells in patients otherwise meeting diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma. We could identify two retrospective series where the question about what number of circulating plasma cells in peripheral blood should be used for defining PCL. The presence of ≥5% circulating plasma cells in patients with MM had a similar adverse prognostic impact as the previously defined PCL. Therefore, PCL should be defined by the presence of 5% or more circulating plasma cells in peripheral blood smears in patients otherwise diagnosed with symptomatic multiple myeloma
Paleoseismology of the Marquesado-La Rinconada thrust system, Eastern Precordillera of Argentina
Get PDFExcavated trenches at two sites across the Marquesado–La Rinconada fault system along the eastern Precordilleran front south of San Juan, Argentina, reveal the earthquake history of this rapidly urbanizing region. Interpretation of earthquakes is based on both the generation of colluvial wedges and upward fault terminations, as well as folding events in fine-grained alluvium ponded behind upslope-facing fault scarps. The ages of the past five interpreted earthquakes at the Loma Negra site are E1 at 2.8 ± 2.8 ka, E2 at 7.1 ± 1.5 ka, E3 at 9.6 ± 1.3 ka, E4 at 14.4 ± 2.1 ka, and E5 at 17.2 ± 3.1 ka. At the Jejenes sites, we documented event ages of 2.7 ± 0.1 ka, 3.9 ± 0.6 ka, 5.9 ± 1.3 ka, and 11.4 ± 4 ka. These results indicate that the recurrence interval along the Marquesado–La Rinconada fault zone averages several thousand years. The inferred displacements at the Jejenes site are about 1.1 m for E1, E3, and E4 and 2.1 m for event E2, whereas the displacements at Loma Negra averaged about 1 m, but the most recent event displays less slip. Notably, the older events seem to have been larger and emergent, whereas the youngest event appears to have been smaller and blind in the ponded sediment; this may partially explain the poor expression of classic colluvial wedges associated with some events. Despite the fact that active surface faulting has an uncertain relationship with the primary seismic sources at depth in the crust, past and future events of Mw ∼7.5 are consistent with the length scale of active deformation, the ∼1–2 m slip per event scale of these ruptures, and the size of historical earthquakes
Immune-related adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors
Get PDFCancer immunotherapies have changed the landscape of cancer treatment during the past few decades. Among them, immune checkpoint inhibitors, which target PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4, are increasingly used for certain cancers; however, this increased use has resulted in increased reports of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These irAEs are unique and are different to those of traditional cancer therapies, and typically have a delayed onset and prolonged duration. IrAEs can involve any organ or system. These effects are frequently low grade and are treatable and reversible; however, some adverse effects can be severe and lead to permanent disorders. Management is primarily based on corticosteroids and other immunomodulatory agents, which should be prescribed carefully to reduce the potential of short-term and long-term complications. Thoughtful management of irAEs is important in optimizing quality of life and long-term outcomes
A importância da conectividade: aprender com a experiência com as TIC - TAC
Get PDFEn un mundo en constante cambio, en una sociedad donde la educación fluida desempeña un papel fundamental, las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y las Tecnologías del Aprendizaje y la Comunicación (TAC) son elementos fundamentales para la formación del profesorado y del alumnado en particular, y de la sociedad en general. Por ello, este artículo abordará el concepto de competencia digital y su incorporación en los currículos de educación infantil, primaria y secundaria. A continuación, se realizará una aproximación al concepto de alfabetización digital y se describirá la experiencia de un grado en Educación Infantil de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Barcelona. Finalmente, se reflexionará sobre el papel que deben desempeñar el profesorado y el alumnado en la adquisición de competencias digitales relevantes y, así, responder a las necesidades que presentan nuestra cultura, sociedad y educación
An exploration of the editing cut as an articulator in film through frequency domain analysis of spectator EEGs
Get PDFIntroduction: This study explores if the cinematographic cut can be considered an articulation axis between different units, which are adjacent shots. The theoretical premise of the research was that if the shot change functions as a point of articulation that produces a connection between different units, two conditions must be met: first, all types of editing cuts should elicit common neural patterns; and second, these neural patterns triggered to make sense of the shot change should exhibit variations depending on the specific type of cut. Methods: To achieve this objective, building on the theoretical foundations of cinematographic language and integrating methodologies from cognitive neuroscience, the study analyzed neural responses triggered by continuity editing cuts through electroencephalography recordings from 21 participants. Results: To determine it, the frequency domain of spectators’ neural recordings were analyzed for common event-related desynchronization/synchronization patterns. The analysis revealed neural responses patterns in theta synchronization and delta desynchronization, which are associated with memory encoding, narrative segmentation, and meaning construction. Discussion: Moreover, the results suggests that shot changes are cognitively processed as relational events, not merely as new perceptual inputs. These findings support the hypothesis that the shot change by cut is neurally processed as an articulatory mechanism within film structure
Compatibility Study of 3D Printing and PCB Technologies for RF Components and Circuits
Get PDFThis paper explores the potential of combining additive manufacturing with printed circuit board technology to fabricate radio frequency components and circuits. This combination aims to leverage the design freedom of additive manufacturing to implement very compact, high‐quality components, while capitalizing on the established processes and design knowledge associated with printed circuit board manufacturing of radio frequency circuits. The idea behind this technological combination is not just to incorporate 3D‐printed partsonto the printed circuit board, as usual, but go a step forward and embed these components as parts of the board itself. By doing so, we aim to improve the compactness, electrical connectivity and mechanical stability of the entire system. As a test component for our study, we chose a helical‐microstrip transmission line segment. Due to the 3D nature of this type of transmission line, large values of electrical length can be obtained with short segments, making them very useful in the design of compact radio frequency components. We propose a new procedure for embedding this 3D structure into a printed circuit board substrate while considering electrical connectivity and mechanical stability during the different steps of the process. To demonstrate the functionality of our proposed method in the design of more complex structures, two embedded helical‐microstrip transmission line segments are combined to form a compact 2‐way Wilkinson power divider/combiner suitable for operation in the radio frequency band of a few hundreds MHz