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Muerte de un editor en una torre eléctrica: notas sobre la violencia política en Italia (1969-1980)
Get PDFEl artículo intenta ofrecer una panorámica de los distintos fenómenos de violencia política ocurridos en Italia entre 1969 y 1980. Como introducción, se hace una breve contextualización, que fija los caracteres fundamentales del sistema político y de la sociedad italiana desde el final de la segunda guerra mundial, dedicando una atención particular a los movimientos políticos y sociales del bienio 68-69. Después, propone una periodización en dos etapas. La primera, que va desde 1969 a 1974, se caracterizó por la presencia de una violencia indiscriminada ejercida por grupos de extrema derecha y sectores desviados de los aparatos estatales con el fin de obstaculizar los impulsos de cambio surgidos a partir de los años 60. La segunda, de 1974 a 1980, en cambio, se caracterizó por el auge de la lucha armada de izquierda y por la presencia de un poco noto pero significativo revolucionarismo armado de derecha
Towards smart learning spaces in Catalan schools: teachers' perceptions of change
Get PDFMoving towards Smart Learning Spaces (SLS) requires reconsideration of the school environment using a multi-dimensional approach that considers pedagogical, environmental and technological aspects. However, learning spaces have not changed that much. New designs and remodelling of educational contexts rarely are evidence-based and rarely incorporate teachers’ insights, knowledge and perceptions of environments in which learning occurs. This paper explores the perceptions of and attitudes towards change of teachers working in preschool, primary and compulsory secondary education in Catalonia regarding SLS. To achieve this, a survey was carried out with 847 students. After checking the instrument’s validity and reliability, univariate and bivariate analysis were followed by two-step cluster analysis. Teachers had a limited perception of their classrooms’ actual suitability as SLS, which impedes further pedagogical reflection about change. Irrespective of actual classrooms conditions, three groups of teachers with different degrees of favourableness towards SLS were identified. These profiles bring to light contradictory perceptions regarding both constructivist, student-centred pedagogical assemblages involving environmental changes and certain conceptions and control practices that are more typical of traditional teaching styles. Recommendations can inform the decision-making of management teams and teachers about re-conceptualizing the learning space and their interventions in schools
Conceptualización y Garantismo en torno al Sujeto Pasivo del Proceso Penal
Get PDFRESUMEN: El artículo analiza las distintas denominaciones utilizadas en la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal española para referirse al sujeto pasivo del proceso penal. Algunos de esos conceptos han sido considerados un estigma por producir una falsa identificación asociada a la noción de culpabilidad. Muestran la evolución histórica del sujeto pasivo hasta el reconocimiento de un verdadero estatuto garantista como el previsto en el Anteproyecto de Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal de 2020. ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the different denominations used in the Spanish Criminal Procedure Law to refer to the passive subject of criminal proceedings. Some of these concepts have been considered a stigma for producing a false identification associated with the notion of guilt. They show the historical evolution of the passive subject up to the recognition of a true guaranteeing status such as that of the Draft Bill of the Criminal Procedure Law of 2020
Haber y Tener: el origen de dos auxiliares del español contemporáneo
Get PDFEn el presente trabajo queremos dejar constancia del avance en el proceso de sustitución de haber por tener en la perífrasis modal haber de + infinitivo por tener que + infinitivo. Constituye una hipótesis de esta investigación establecer un paralelismo entre la sustitución de haber por tener que en el siglo XV se produjo en el núcleo predicativo y la sustitución de haber por tener en el auxiliar de la perífrasis verbal que está produciéndose en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En la actualidad, puede observarse que cada vez se usa con mayor frecuencia tener que. Sin embargo, este cambio lingüístico tan sólo aparece con-sumado en la lengua actual del coloquio: en la lengua conversacional, espontánea y no formal aparece casi exclusivamente tener que
Gender and Precariousness of Employment and Care: Consequences of the Pandemic for Female Teachers of Early Childhood and Primary in Chile
Get PDFEn Chile existe una progresiva precarización de la profesión docente (Ruffinelli, 2016) agravada por la actual crisis sanitaria COVID 19. En este contexto, la implementación de la educación a distancia ha tenido múltiples consecuencias para el profesorado (Villalobos Muñoz, 2021) y, particularmente para las mujeres, quienes deben hacer coexistir su rol de docente con el trabajo doméstico y de cuidados, complejizando la ya difícil conciliación laboral y familiar. Desde estas bases, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar, desde una perspectiva de género, la situación de precariedad que vivencian profesoras de educación infantil y educación primaria en Chile y, además, conocer cómo dicha situación se ha agravado en el contexto de la pandemia. Para lograr este objetivo, se realizó un estudio cualitativo en base a entrevistas semiestructuradas a nueve profesoras de educación infantil y primaria de la Provincia de Valparaíso. Los principales resultados indican que la condición laboral ya precarizada se ha visto agudizada por la falta de recursos materiales, técnicos y procedimentales con los que se enfrentan a la docencia online. Por otro lado, la difuminación de fronteras entre el mundo laboral remunerado y los cuidados, como parte de las consecuencias del teletrabajo y de las propias relaciones de género tradicionales, ha generado una sobrecarga física y emocional para las profesoras. Finalmente, se da cuenta de que la gestión de las autoridades educativas y de las escuelas durante la pandemia, es visualizada por parte de las entrevistadas como incongruente con la realidad, tanto del profesorado como del estudiantado chileno
Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study
Get PDFIntroduction
Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are serious mental illnesses (SMI) with overlapping symptoms but distinct differences in onset and course. Sex differences are an area of growing interest in SMI. This study aims to examine potential interactions between sex and diagnosis across a broad range of variables, to compare males and females within SZ and BD, and to investigate sex-specific group differences.
Methods
A total of 1516 individuals were included in a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the multicenter PsyCourse Study, including BD (n = 543), SZ (n = 517), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 456). Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neurocognitive performance, and somatic comorbidities were assessed. Generalized linear models were used to analyze differences between groups and sexes. False Discovery Rate (FDR) and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons were performed.
Results
Significant interactions were identified in age (p = 0.001), age at treatment (p = 0.05), illness duration (p = 0.03), illicit drug use (p = 0.01), and smoking (p = 0.05). Differences in substance use were observed across groups and sexes, with the highest rates found in males with SZ. The BD group showed better functioning and neurocognitive performance compared with the SZ group. Within the BD group, females reported better performance in verbal memory (p = 0.003) and psychomotor speed (p < 0.001) than males. Moreover, both females and males with SMI showed higher rates of thyroid alterations compared with HC (p = 0.01 for females and p = 0.002 for males).
Conclusions
Significant sex differences were observed in substance use and somatic comorbidities. Interactions between diagnosis and sex underscore the importance of considering both factors in clinical assessments. These findings highlight the need to tailor sex-specific treatment for each patient. Further research is needed to explore the role of sex hormones and other biological and societal factors in the presentation and course of these disorders
What factors promote participation at school among adolescents in secondary education?
Get PDFThis study presents an analysis of the factors favouring participation among adolescents in compulsory secondary education in the city of L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Catalonia, Spain). The sample was composed of 297 young people with an average age of 15. We investigated the adolescents' concept of participation, enquiring into what principles, behaviours and feelings they identified with it. Also, we questioned them on their purposes for participating and the consequences deriving from their practice. Finally, we enquired into the different spheres in which they thought they could participate. One outstanding finding was that respondents saw participation in much broader terms than simply voting in elections, instead associating it with feelings of belonging, expression and learning. For the adolescents participation brought personal benefits linked to self-esteem, but above all social benefi ts oriented towards community development. The different spheres in which they participated were mostly their families and schools. A regression analysis was carried out, calculating the predictive weight of all the variables relating to participation. Results indicated that adolescents with a broader concept of participation, i.e. those for whom participating brought a wider range of benefits, participated more. Also, higher levels of participation in the family and neighbourhood were related to greater participation at school
On the role of dynamic electron correlation in non-orthogonal configuration interaction with fragments
Get PDFTwo different approaches have been implemented to include the effect of dynamic electron correlation in the Non-Orthogonal Configuration Interaction for Fragments (NOCI-F) method. The first is based on shifting the diagonal matrix elements of the NOCI matrix, while the second incorporates the dynamic correlation explicitly in the fragment wave functions used to construct the many-electron basis functions of the NOCI. The two approaches are illustrated for the calculation of the electronic coupling relevant in singlet fission and the coupling of spin moments in organic radicals. Comparison of the calculated diabatic couplings, the NOCI energies and wave functions shows that dynamic electron correlation is not only efficiently but also effectively incorporated by the shifting approach and can largely affect the coupling between electronic states. Also, it brings the NOCI coupling of the spin moments in close agreement with benchmark calculations
COVID-19 Pandemic Waves and 2024-2025 Winter Season in Relation to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Amantadine
Get PDFEarly pandemic reports suggested improved outcomes inhypertensive COVID-19 patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI) or amantadine. This study evaluates their impact on disease progression.Methods: We analyzed 55,936 infected patients (March 2020–January 2025) and 2024hospital admissions within a free-access Barcelona metropolitan health consortium (n =192,651 as of March 2025). Hospitalizations, stratified by polypharmacy level (nT), werecompared via Chi-square tests. ICU admissions and length of stay in hospitalized patientswere assessed during the first month of key waves: initial A2a + B3a + B9 (n = 184, March2020), Delta (n = 158, July 2021), Omicron21K (n = 142, January 2022), and Omicron 24F (n= 8, January 2025). Results: Non-survivors were predominantly aged >60 years (96.3%) inthe first wave and >70 years (100%) in Delta/Omicron waves. Post-vaccination, mortalitydecreased in high-comorbidity groups, though hospitalizations/ICU admissions inyounger patients surpassed first-wave levels during Delta. Vaccinated ACEI/ARB-treatedpatients showed reduced hospitalizations across all polypharmacy groups: OR(noACEI/ACEI) = 1.21 (≥2 nT) to 4.26 (1 nT, p = 0.014); OR (noARB/ARB) = 1.24 (≥8 nT) to1.74 (2–7 nT, p = 0.01). No hospitalizations occurred in amantadine-treated patients aged<70. Conclusions: These findings suggest a potential protective effect of ACEI, ARBs, andamantadine against severe COVID-19 and support the safety and continuity of thesetreatments. Multicentric studies incorporating post-COVID syndrome data are needed tovalidate these observations if hospitalizations persist
Students’ beliefs and experience regarding academic writing and self-perception of competencies
Get PDFIntroducció: L’objectiu d’aquest treball és explorar les creences dels estudiants universitaris sobre què és escriure en l’àmbit acadèmic, la seva experiència sobre aquesta qüestió i com perceben les pròpies competències d’escriptura acadèmica. Mètode: Es va aplicar un qüestionari en línia als grups de l’assignatura obligatòria Desenvolupament en la Infància, del grau en Psicologia, durant el curs 2024-2025. Van respondre el 63,33 % dels estudiants matriculats (n= 171). El qüestionari conté dos blocs de preguntes (creences i experiència en escriptura acadèmica; autopercepció de competències) i inclou preguntes en escala tipus Likert i obertes. Resultats: Els estudiants valoren l’argumentació i l’aprenentatge com a aspectes rellevants de l’escriptura acadèmica, i la persuasió i la innovació com els menys pertinents. Prioritzen la claredat i la coherència del text, però donen poca importància a l’ús d’un registre formal («to acadèmic») i les normes APA (on també se senten menys competents). Perceben diferències entre l’escriptura en grup i la individual, especialment en coherència i estil. Valoren les seves habilitats positivament, però consideren que cal més pràctica i formació. Discussió: Els resultats reflecteixen punts de millora que cal considerar en intervencions futures, fonamentalment els aspectes més tecnicoacadèmics de l’escriptura i la redacció en equip.