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Corpus callosum atrophy in adolescents with antecedents of moderate perinatal asphyxia
Get PDFBackground: The corpus callosum (CC) is a cerebral structure that reflects cognitive status in several neurological pathologies. Visual inspection of MRI has shown that hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) causes callosal damage. Primary objective: To quantify the CC surface in a sample of patients with antecedents of HIE and a group of matched controls. Research design: Comparisons of CC measures among control subjects, mild HIE patients and moderate HIE patients as well as correlates of CC surface and neuropsychological performance. Methods: Twenty-one adolescent patients with childhood antecedents of HIE were compared to 21 controls. ANALYZE software was used to semi-automatically measure the CC area. Main outcomes and results: Patients with moderate HIE showed corpus callosum reduction. The isthmus and genus were the most affected regions. Corpus callosum size correlated with cognitive function. Conclusions: Corpus callosum quantification provides new evidence of subtle residual deficits in subjects with HIE antecedents without apparent neurological sequelae
Jornada Aprenentatge Servei i Innovació Social. Llibre d’actes
Get PDFAquest llibre d’actes recull un text introductori, les transcripcions de dues conferències invitades i les comunicacions en format pòster presentades en la Jornada Aprenentatge Servei i Innovació Social, celebrada en diversos espais de la Facultat de Biologia de la Universitat de Barcelona el dia 5 de juliol de 2024.
La jornada va ser organitzada per la Càtedra Universitat de Barcelona
d’Aprenentatge Servei, en el marc de les accions per optimitzar la docència i la recerca i per a la consolidació institucional d’aquesta proposta educativa, la qual permet treballar aprenentatges acadèmics actuant sobre necessitats reals de l’entorn amb l’objectiu de millorar-lo. La Càtedra compta amb el patronatge de la Fundació Fèlix Llobet i Nicolau. La jornada es dugué a terme en col·laboració amb la Facultat de Biologa i l’Institut de Desenvolupament Professional (IDP) de la Universitat de Barcelona
The final year project, a factor in securing a better job: The perception of graduates in educational degrees
Get PDFEste estudio explora la percepción de las personas graduadas en el campo de las ciencias de la educación de la Universidad de Barcelona acerca de la importancia del trabajo de fin de grado (TFG) para promover su inserción laboral. Mediante un cuestionario ad hoc, se ha recopilado información de una muestra de 88 graduados y graduadas de titulaciones de educación seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Los resultados muestran que la temática de su TFG no es tan relevante para su desempeño profesional como las prácticas formativas y el conjunto de la titulación. Sin embargo, es importante destacar que las personas graduadas perciben que la realización del TFG les ha permitido adquirir y desarrollar un conjunto de competencias transversales altamente valoradas en la práctica profesional, lo que sin duda contribuye a aumentar sus posibilidades de inserirse en el mundo laboral. Finalmente, se sugiere el potencial de vincular el TFG con las prácticas externas
A structured-data algorithm for semiautomated surveillance of surgical site infection after colorectal surgery: A diagnostic accuracy study.
Get PDFBackground. Manual surveillance of surgical site infections (SSIs) after colorectalsurgery is resource-intensive, limiting scalability. Semiautomated algorithms based onstructured electronic health record (EHR) data may maintain high case-findingsensitivity while reducing workload.Methods. A retrospective diagnostic-accuracy study was conducted in a teachinghospital participating in a nationwide SSI surveillance programme. All electivecolorectal procedures performed between January 2010 and December 2023 wereincluded. SSIs were classified according to CDC-NHSN/ECDC criteria. Eight binaryEHR-derived “alerts” were combined into a composite rule (any alert positive). Manualsurveillance served as the reference standard. Performance was assessed overall, bySSI depth (superficial, deep, organ/space), and by procedure type (colon vs rectal).Discrimination (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), andnegative predictive value (NPV) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results. A total of 1,213 patients (1,085 colon; 128 rectal) were included. The overallSSI incidence was 11.2% (3.1% superficial, 1.2% deep, 6.8% organ/space). Thecomposite alert achieved an AUC of 0.859 (95% CI 0.838–0.878) for any SSI, withsensitivity 0.721, specificity 0.876, PPV 0.424, and NPV 0.961. At this operating point,19% of procedures would be flagged for manual verification, corresponding to anestimated 81% reduction in full chart reviews. Discrimination was highest fororgan/space infections (AUC 0.919; sensitivity 0.831; specificity 0.911). Performancefor deep SSI was intermediate (AUC 0.805), and for superficial SSI, more limited (AUC0.571). Sensitivity was higher for colon surgery (AUC 0.853) and specificity higher forrectal surgery (AUC 0.881).Conclusions. The structured-data algorithm demonstrated strong overall discriminationand excellent performance for organ/space infections, supporting the feasibility ofsemiautomated surveillance without compromising detection quality. External andprospective validation, definition of diagnostic safety thresholds, and workloadreductionanalyses are required to optimise implementation. Exploration of NLP addonsmay be considered where resources permit. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT07130656
Desafíos de las redes sociales en educación. Revisión y análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica para mapear tendencias y perspectiva
Get PDFThis paper aims to analyse the trends in the articles included in the Journal Citation Report on the implications of social networks in the educational sphere during the period 2011-2020 and, in this way, to synthesise the knowledge base on their use in formal, non-formal and informal educational environments. Regarding methodology, various variables were analysed in the 157 selected articles, and exploratory and descriptive bibliometric research was carried out. The PRISMA protocol’s indications have been followed for the whole process. The results show a considerable increase in production in the first quartiles of impact journals. Most of the papers were written by occasional authors from the USA. The most common theme was using social networks as a vehicle for creating virtual environments, with qualitative methodology standing out. It has been revealed that challenges remain to be addressed from an educational science perspective, such as non-formal learning, ethical dilemmas, and addictions. Collaboration and the establishment of peer-to-peer publication networks show areas for improvement
Machine Learning for Accelerated Cosmological Inference Beyond Flat ΛCDM
Get PDFTreballs Finals de Grau de Física, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2026, Tutor: Tutor: Adrià Gómez ValentWe review the efficacy of Neural Networks (NN) for emulating cosmological observables (angular acoustic scale θ∗ and binned angular power spectra Db of the CMB temperature anisotropies across ℓ ∈ [30, 400]), and apply our emulator-based inference framework to the nonflat ΛCDM model, in the range ΩK ∈ [−0.2, 0.2]. We achieve speed up actor computation times beyond 104 with respect to standard boltzamn solvers, while maintaining all NN prediction error values below 0.7% relative to current experimental uncertainties, enabling for computationally feasible parameter inference pipelines. We also provide constraints on the curvature density parameter ΩK and other ΛCDM parameters using the NN developed in this work and the temperature maps from Planck 2018 SMICA data. A marginal posterior using our NN model gives curvature density ΩK = 0.001+0.030 −0.070, consistent with a flat Universe
Air Pollution and COVID-19 Severity
Get PDFAir pollution is a major concern that constitutes an important part of the climate change thread. Furthermore, since the outbreak of the pandemic, there is an increased interest in understanding the role of environmental conditions in determining the severity of infectious diseases. We contribute to this debate by quantifying the effect of short-term exposure to air pollution on COVID-19 mortality. We construct a novel county-level dataset of daily COVID-19 mortality and, in order to overcome the potential endogeneity problems caused by factors related to both the virus and mortality rates (such as county-level economic conditions), we use wind speed as an instrument for air pollution. Our results show that being exposed to one additional unit of nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and nitrogen oxides, increases COVID-19 mortality by a factor of 1.1–1.3. From a policy perspective, our findings provide insights on the design of public health actions to minimize the spread of contagious diseases and to maximize the positive impacts of pollution reduction policies on population health
Robotic-assisted left carinal sleeve pneumonectomy with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for adenoid cystic carcinoma
Get PDFSleeve pneumonectomy is one of the most challenging thoracic procedures as a result of airway reconstruction complexity. It is indicated for central tumors involving the main bronchus, carina, or distal trachea.1
This procedure has traditionally been performed via thoracotomy, sternotomy, or clamshell incision for access to the lower trachea and carina. Hybrid techniques combining thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), as well as fully VATS-based approaches, have also been described.2,3 To date, no fully robotic approaches for this procedure have been documented. In this report, we describe the technical aspects of a left carinal sleeve pneumonectomy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lung using a robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) approach with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, highlighting its feasibility and safety
Fixed-duration epcoritamab plus R2 drives favorable outcomes in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma
Get PDFEpcoritamab is a subcutaneous CD3xCD20 bispecific antibody approved as monotherapy for relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL). We evaluated fixed-duration epcoritamab with rituximab plus lenalidomide (R 2 ) in R/R FL in arm 2 of EPCORE NHL-2 (phase 1b/2). Patients received epcoritamab (2 step-up doses, then 48-mg full doses) for up to 2 years, and R 2 for up to 12 cycles (28 days per cycle). The primary end point was overall response rate (ORR) per investigator assessment (Lugano criteria). As of 21 September 2024, 108 patients received >= 1 epcoritamab dose in expansion (median follow-up, 28.2 months). Median age was 65 years; 57% had 1 previous line of therapy. ORR and complete response (CR) rate were 96% and 88%, respectively; CR rates in patients with high-risk features were 90% (primary refractory), 82% (refractory to anti-CD20 and an alkylating agent), and 83% (disease progression within 24 months of first-line therapy). Two-year estimates for remaining in CR, progression-free survival, overall survival, and not starting next antilymphoma therapy were 82%, 76%, 90%, and 84%, respectively. Minimal residual disease negativity was observed in 86% of evaluable patients (clonoSEQ assay). Common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) included neutropenia (65%), COVID-19 (59%), and cytokine release syndrome (CRS; 51%). Grade >= 3 TEAEs occurred in 87% of patients; 5 had grade 5 TEAEs (all COVID-19). CRS events were mostly low grade (grade 1, 38%; grade 2, 11%; grade 3, 2%), all resolved, and none led to epcoritamab discontinuation. Fixed-duration epcoritamab plus R 2 demonstrated deep, durable responses with manageable safety and favorable outcomes in R/R FL, irrespective of risk features
On the Carian inscription from Mengefe
Get PDFThis article provides a new analysis of the recently published Carian inscription from Mengefe. It critically discusses the interpretation of the edition, demonstrates that it is mistaken at crucial points (in identifying the words for ‘grandfather’, ‘grandson’, and ‘and’ as well as a relative clause), and offers a more fitting translation (including an [appurtenance] adjective and a clitic correlative conjunction or disjunction), addressing neglected aspects of the inscription as well (a possible postposition and the word dividers)