Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
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Resource Efficient Single Precision Floating Point Multiplier Using Karatsuba Algorithm
Get PDFIn floating point arithmetic operations, multiplication is the most required operation for many signal processing and scientific applications. 24-bit length mantissa multiplication is involved to obtain the floating point multiplication final result for two given single precision floating point numbers. This mantissa multiplication plays the major role in the performance evaluation in respect of occupied area and propagation delay. This paper presents the design and analysis of single precision floating point multiplication using karatsuba algorithm with vedic multiplier with the considering of modified 2x1 multiplexers and modified 4:2 compressors in order to overcome the drawbacks in the existing techniques. Further, the performance analysis of single precision floating point multiplier is analyzed in terms of area and delay using Karatsuba Algorithm with different existing techniques such as 4x1 multiplexers and 3:2 compressors and modified techniques such as 2x1 multiplexers, 4:2 compressors. From the simulation results, it is observed that single precision floating point multiplication with karatsuba algorithm using modified 4:2 compressor with XOR-MUX logic provides better performance with efficient usage of resources such as area and delay than that of existing techniques. All the blocks involved for floating point multiplication are coded with Verilog and synthesized using Xilinx ISE Simulator
QR Code Integrity Verification Based on Modified SHA-1 Algorithm
Get PDFThe modified SHA-1 algorithm was applied in the data integrity verification process of certificates with QR code technology. This paper identified the requirements needed in the certificate verification that uses the modified SHA-1. The application was tested using legitimate and fraudulent certificates. Based on the results, the application successfully generated QR codes, printed certificates, and verified certificates with 100% accuracy. During the trial run of the app, four test cases were seen which involves correct names and QR codes, and three other possible test cases of faking certificates such as modification of the name, regeneration of QR codes using valid hash and a fake name, and modification of the QR code. Although these cases exist, the app successfully verified all thirty certificates correctly. Also, it is noticed that during the scanning, the smartphone camera should be in focus to capture the QR code clearly
Design and Analysis of High Gain Low Power CMOS Comparator
Get PDFThe comparator is the most significant component of the analog-to-digital converter, voltage regulator, switching circuits, communication blocks etc. Depending on the various design schemes, comparator performance varied upon target applications. At present, low power, high gain, area efficient and high-speed comparator designed methods are necessary for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) industry. In this research, a low power and high gain CMOS comparator are presented which utilized two-stage differential input stages with replication of DC current source to achieve higher gain, higher phase margin, higher bandwidth, and lower power consumption. The simulated results showed that, by using a minimum power supply of 1.2 V, the comparator could generate higher gain 77.45 dB with a phase margin of 60.08°. Moreover, the modified design consumed only 2.84 µW of power with a gain bandwidth of 30.975 MHz. In addition, the chip layout area of the modified comparator is found only 0.0033 mm2
Reliability Assessment of the Iraqi National Communication Network
Get PDFThe design of communication networks continues to progress rapidly in more suitable forms to meet the challenges of the present era. This paper presents a tentative study of the design of a reliable Iraqi National Communication Network (INCN). The INCN connects all major cities in Iraq with Baghdad as the central node. The followed subjected procedure is a general method which can be applied to all similar problems concerning any Wide Area Network design. An optimal backbone is first designed by Prim’s algorithm which has distances between cities as input data. The INCN is subjected to reliability improvement by adding links to the initial backbone. An improved algorithm based on tie-sets method is developed for network reliability computation. Three chosen scenarios (Net1, Net2, and Net3) for the INCN are presented and underwent reliability estimation. Evaluation results show a successive improvement of the network reliability to yield to an optimal solution recognized as being Net3. The adopted topology for the INCN is based on two clusters having Baghdad as the common head cluster. Clustering will simplify the reliability evaluation by decreasing the number of tie-sets, and hence the computation complexity.
Dynamic Integrated System for Detecting and Fixing Vulnerability Bugs
Get PDFBugs are one of the important barriers in the field of software development. Concurrent and frequent bugs are non-deterministic in nature and in the time of vulnerability testing. It is difficult to detect the dynamic bugs with a high representation of vulnerability that causes the damage to the software products. Existing vulnerability testing methods relied on the conventional static testing techniques of finding and fixing the bugs but it does not show a high ratio of they handle or require specific hardware support. It does not include in the clustering approach. To overcome the limitations in the existing techniques, this proposed methods Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO), Expectation Maximization (EM) Clustering and Variable Neighborhood search. The primary input dataset is preprocessed to obtain the relevant and irrelevant data partition and optimized dataset was given as input to the Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) techniqu
A Review on Emotion Recognition Algorithms using Speech Analysis
Get PDFIn recent years, there is a growing interest in speech emotion recognition (SER) by analyzing input speech. SER can be considered as simply pattern recognition task which includes features extraction, classifier, and speech emotion database. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review on various literature available on SER. Several audio features are available, including linear predictive coding coefficients (LPCC), Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), and Teager energy based features. While for classifier, many algorithms are available including hidden Markov model (HMM), Gaussian mixture model (GMM), vector quantization (VQ), artificial neural networks (ANN), and deep neural networks (DNN). In this paper, we also reviewed various speech emotion database. Finally, recent related works on SER using DNN will be discussed
A Novel Approach of Controlling the Solar PV Integrated Hybrid Multilevel Inverter
Get PDFThe part of renewable energy systems like solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation (WPG) is playing an energetic role in energy production. The power electronics technology growths have directed to the progresses in the solar power generation and solar PV sources have the potential to progress one of the key providers to the upcoming electricity. Lower voltage rating of solar PV systems requires a high voltage progress converter for parts grid associating with a DC-AC inverter. The solar energy acquired from the solar panel varies with times and solar irradiation. The boost DC/DC converter is used to sustain the constant output voltage achieved from the solar panel using MPPT algorithm and is operated according to the requirement. A 1-Ф cascade 13-level inverter is used to produce 13-level output voltage from the DC supply voltage achieved from PV panels. It offers better-quality sinusoidal output voltage and current waveforms and lower total harmonic distortion. In this paper, the proposed model is designed and the results are verified through simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK tool
A Hybrid Approach of Using Particle Swarm Optimization and Volumetric Active Contour without Edge for Segmenting Brain Tumors in MRI Scan
Get PDFSegmentation of brain tumors in magnetic resonance imaging is a one of the most complex processes in medical image analysis because it requires a combination of data knowledge with domain knowledge to achieve highly results. Such that, the data knowledge refers to homogeneity, continuity, and anatomical texture. While the domain knowledge refers to shapes, location, and size of the tumor to be delineated. Due to recent advances in medical imaging technologies which produce a massive number of cross-sectional slices, this makes a manual segmentation process is a very intensive, time-consuming and prone to inconsistences. In this study, an automated method for recognizing and segmenting the pathological area in MRI scans has been developed. First the dataset has been pre-processed and prepared by implementing a set of algorithms to standardize all collected samples. A particle swarm optimization is utilized to find the core of pathological area within each MRI slice. Finally, an active contour without edge method is utilized to extract the pathological area in MRI scan. Results reported on the collected dataset includes 50 MRI scans of pathological patients that was provided by Iraqi Center for Research and Magnetic Resonance of Al Imamain Al-Kadhimain Medical City in Iraq. The achieved accuracy of the proposed method was 92% compared with manual delineation
Fuzzy Logic Controller for grid connected Wind Energy Conversion System
Get PDFThe use of renewable power sources, like wind power, has been increased recently due to climatic changes caused by fossil fuels and fast depletion of fossil fuels. This has lead to the tremendous increase in the interconnection of wind turbines to power system grid. This interconnection on a large number in to grid causes problems such as power quality, maintaining system voltage, reactive power compensation, control of grid frequency and aspects of power system grid stability. In this proposed scheme, a fuzzy logic based controller is employed for a STATCOM to improve the power quality. The proposed control scheme supplies the required reactive power to the system and thus relieves the source, leading to Unity Power Factor (UPF) at the source and also it injects currents to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) to satisfy IEC standard. For extracting the reference currents, an instantaneous reactive power theory based control algorithm is employed. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy logic controller, a comparative analysis is also performed with a PI controller and the results have been presented
Target Network Selection Algorithm based on Required Dwell Time Estimation
Get PDFIn wireless communication of fourth generation the expectation to integrate a diverse heterogeneous wireless network leads to a worldwide seamless mobility. For seamless mobility in heterogenous wireless networks, selection of best target network from available network is primary goal for handovers. To achieve this goal, we devise a target network selection algorithm to enhance the user satisfaction level.The method relies on a dwell time and prediction of received signal strength. By observing the Predicted received signal strength for a specified dwell time duration, a mobile node is able to decide whether to tigger the handoff process or not. Once the handoff process is triggered. Target network is selected depending upon a cost function. The Simulated results shows that, the proposed algorithm improves the handover performance by measuring the received signal strength accurately. It also selects the optimum target network quantitatively. Therefore, results obtained through our proposed algorithm are more accurate as compared to existing handover algorithms