Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
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Using a Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA) in Locating and Determining the Optimal Capacity of Distributed Generation Units
No full textRestructuring the power systems and the simultaneous trend to renewable resources has increased the importance of appropriate planning of distribution companies to maximize the potential of distributed resources. Therefore, due to the growing trend of using distributed generations, it is necessary to determine the location and optimal capacity and examine the effects of these units on the power system, especially in the distribution network. Distributed generation sources can be a source of positive impacts, such as improving the technical parameters of the network, including losses, voltage profiles, reliability, and congestion reduction in the power systems, according to the specifications, operating conditions and installation location. In this paper, improvement of the profile and reduction of the losses is used as an object and through appropriate weight coefficients in an object function for the purpose of placement and determining the optimal capacity of the distributed generation sources. In the proposed method the Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (MSFLA) is implemented on an IEEE 33-bus standard network. Also, simulation results are compared with GA and PSO algorithms on the network, which clearly shows the efficiency of the proposed method in the placement and determining the optimal capacity of the distributed generation sources
Bilayer Graphene Conductance Analysis based on FET Channel
Get PDFGraphene is considered as a famous nanomaterial because of some parameters such as its large surface–to–volume ratio, high conductivity, high mobility, and strong mechanical and elasticity properties. Therefore, in this work the conductance of two dimensional bilayer graphene (BG) is developed using the Fermi Dirac distribution function. For bilayer graphene two, various stacking structures (AA and AB) have been reported, which have armchair edge. Quantum gradient emerged between the channel and the gate and carrier movement of bilayer graphene is considered as FET channel, which is an important property of FET. Besides, band gap energy and resistance of BG have been modelled in this study. The impact of temperature on the resistance is extensively studied. It is demonstrated that the resistance of BG is the function of temperature and the conductance is increased at higher values of temperature
Graphene Nanoribbon Simulator of Vacancy Defects On Electronic Structure
Get PDFGraphene Nanoribbon Simulator (GNRSIM) is developed using MATLAB Graphical User Interface Development Environment to study the electronics properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). The main focus of this research is the simulation effects of single vacancy 1 in graphene nanoribbons lattices on electronic structure. The band structure and density of states are explored by using tight binding approximation where a Hamiltonian operator with nearest-neighbor interactions is introduced. The simulator has a wide range of input parameters where user can select armchair or zigzag GNR. The size of the lattices namely width and length can be varied. The location of the vacancy defect can be pinpoint by providing the row and column of the missing atom. The limitation of GNRSIM at present is that it can only accept a single atom vacancy. GNRSIM is able to be executed as a standalone application software in understanding the fundamental properties of semiconductor material and device engineering through ab-initio calculations
A Case Study of Natural Frequency of the Tram Rail Due to Vibration Using Wavelets
Get PDFMany vibration signals of tram rails due to tram movement are non-stationary and have highly complex time-frequency characteristics. The vibration signal of a rotating wheel involves condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Many signal analysis methods are able to extract useful information from vibration data. In this paper, we were able to correlate non-linear independent signal acquired using acceleromets at different spots across the city and extract tram rail vibration noise and model the effect of signal noise to identify the frequency characteristics of the rail by characterizing the spectral content of the noise signal using parametric distribution and then by applying non parametric filters to characterize the signal power spectral density using Wavelet Transform (WT) and Parseval’s theorem. The fault can be detected from a given level of resolution. For this purpose, Parseval’s theorem is used as an evaluation criterion to select the optimal level. Associated to envelope analysis, it allows clear visualization of fault frequencies. on the inner rail of the railway line. The time-frequency contour map can easily show the power distribution of signal in time and frequency domain. Moreover, it is a good way to identify the rail track faults involving a breakdown change. The simulative results show that time-frequency contour map have the capabilities to identify the difference of those faults of vibration monitoring. In conclusion, the faults along the rail track can be classified by time-frequency contour map for frequency decomposition. We hereby decompose the high frequency detail of the signal without decomposition after wavelet transform, so as to improve the frequency resolution
Smart Wheelchair with Dual Control using Touchpad and Android Mobile Device
Get PDFThe general objective of the design was to develop a touchpad controlled Android-based electronic wheelchair. It aimed to construct the Android-based circuitry and program for the path finding mechanism of the drive system and interface the Arduino-based circuit to the electronic wheelchair setup. It was designed to evaluate the system in terms of the speed of the electronic wheelchair, reliability of the sensors to avoid obstacle, and ease of use of the wheelchair. C Programming Language was used by the system to control and manipulate the microcontroller, Gizduino AtMega644. The Android application was programmed using the Java Language and Eclipse as the IDE. Its ports were used to interface input and output devices such as the ultrasonic sensors, infrared proximity sensor, touchpad, Bluetooth module, motor and motor driver. There was a satisfactory rating for the evaluation of the system while the Android software was rated excellent as a navigational controller
Investigating Rain Attenuation Models for Satellite Links in Tropical Nigeria
Get PDFThe analyses of rain models for satellite communication links of Ku and Ka bands in Lagos, Nigeria is the focus of this paper. The choice of these frequency bands was informed by the acknowledged fact that satellite signal fading and outages are predominant at those bands. The ITU-R P. 618-12 is the globally adopted prediction model; temperate, equatorial and tropical regions, inclusive. However, there was need to review the suitability of this model especially as it concerned equatorial and tropical stations. Rainfall data spanning a period of three years were collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). The ITU-R P. 618-12 model along with some renowned prediction models were analyzed and their performances with the locally recorded measurement data were compared to establish their suitability or otherwise. The results obtained suggested ITU-R P. 618-12 exhibited the overall best performance at 12 GHz while DAH showed best performance at 26 GHz, even as both models underestimated and overestimated the measurement at Ku and Ka bands respectively. Again, at both frequencies, SST presented the worst performances
A Multi-element Microstrip Antenna for LTE Bands, Wi-Fi and WiMAX Application in Femtocell Network
Get PDFInterference management is the key point in the deployment of ultra-dense networks. Several techniques in physical and data-link layers have been discussed and proposed to provide lower power and better network capacity, while minimizing the cost and complexity of FemtoCell deployment. The applicability of an antenna with microstrip technology that employs multiple elements is developed here for coverage enhancement of FemtoCell network. The antenna proposed in this research has a size of 35 x 35 x 1.58 mm3, it is printed on a commercially available FR4 dielectric substrate and designed for the frequency band from 1.9 GHz to 3.5 GHz. The different results obtained of the studied antenna in the FemtoCell scenario are discussed
Blur Classification Using Segmentation Based Fractal Texture Analysis
Get PDFThe objective of vision based gesture recognition is to design a system, which can understand the human actions and convey the acquired information with the help of captured images. An image restoration approach is extremely required whenever image gets blur during acquisition process since blurred images can severely degrade the performance of such systems. Image restoration recovers a true image from a degraded version. It is referred as blind restoration if blur information is unidentified. Blur identification is essential before application of any blind restoration algorithm. This paper presents a blur identification approach which categories a hand gesture image into one of the sharp, motion, defocus and combined blurred categories. Segmentation based fractal texture analysis extraction algorithm is utilized for featuring the neural network based classification system. The simulation results demonstrate the preciseness of proposed method
SoC Estimation and Monitoring of Li-ion Cell using Kalman-Filter Algorithm
Get PDFWith the rise in an energy crisis, electric vehicles have become a necessity. An integral part of the electric/hybrid vehicle is batteries. Out of many types, Li-ion batteries are providing features like high power as well as energy density. The features make Li-ion is an excellent choice for multiple applications from electronic appliances to electric vehicles. Li-ion batteries have their limitations while using in electric vehicles, and battery parameter monitoring like temperature, voltage, current, State of Charge (SoC), etc. is very much essential. The monitoring is dependent on actual physical measurements, which are subject to error contributing factors such as measurement noise, errors etc. With the estimation of SOC and State of Health (SoH) of the battery model, the lifetime of the battery will be calculated out, and along these lines sparing significant cost. In this paper, a study on SoH estimation and Li-ion battery SoC is estimated using a Kalman Filter (KF) algorithm estimation and results are presented to validate the Li-ion operating performanc
Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Pulsed Eddy Current Technique for Defect Evaluation
Get PDFPulsed eddy current (PEC) is an advanced Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) technique that uses transient waveform for their coil excitation. It has the advantage of gathering different depth information in a single excitation process, thus provide the solution towards the drawbacks by both single and multi-frequency eddy current testing. In this work, experimental and simulation investigations on PEC were conducted to establish the correlation between PEC signals and different defect i.e. crack, depths. Initial FEM simulation work has provided understanding of the underlying phenomena of the PEC results through the visualisation of the induced eddy current and defect interaction in the SS 304 sample. Features from the differential magnetic field transient profiles have provided information of the crack in terms of its depth and location. The understanding of the PEC responses and results can be extended for future work in quantitative evaluation of defect in conductive samples by PEC