Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
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Keanekaragaman Ular Pitviper Sumatera (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) Berdasarkan Ketinggian di Sumatera Barat
Get PDFResearch on Sumatran Pitviper diversity based on altitude in West Sumatra had been done since January 2016 to December 2017 in several locations on West Sumatra Province. The research was conducted by Visual Encounter Surveys and collecting information from local people using pictures, descriptions, and habitat description of each species based on field guide written by David and Vogel (1996) and Vogel (2006). The objective of this study was to obtain information about vertical distribution of Pitviper from subfamily Crotalinae. The study identified seven species of Pitviper as member of suborder Serpentes, family Viperidae, and subfamily Crotalinae. Members of this subfamily are existing in every altitude from 0 to above 1000 m a.s.l. with one very adaptive species named Tropidolaemus wagleri
Floristic and Soil Characteristic at The RPH Sentul-Probolinggo Protected Low Land Forest, East Java
Get PDFEast Java’s forest has a less ideal area based on predetermined requirements. Therefore, rehabilitation was done to meet these requirements and to improve the quality of existing forests. This research was conducted to identify the character of protected forest in Resort Pemangku Hutan (RPH) Sentul area, about vegetation structure and abiotic factor of lowland forest area with low rainfall. The research was conducted by explorative method with plot making for tree plant, sapling and ground cover to inventory and determine the forest vegetation structure inside the area, also by measuring the environmental parameters (temperature, humidity and light intensity) and making soil sampling to analyze biophysical condition. Data were analyzed descriptively both on vegetation condition and physical condition of land and its environment. The result showed that there were identified 84 species from 39 plant families either as trees, sapling or ground cover, with species of Moraceae as the largest contributor. The diversity index of the three types of vegetation shows a medium categorized, while the index of evenness indicates a good categorized that is close to one. Based on the existence of exotic species, especially on ground cover, within protected forest areas, this area has been degraded although not large. However, the physical condition of the soil and environmental conditions in the forest still indicate that this area is still quite good when used as a reference area on rehabilitation program with similar geographical conditions.Keywords: vegetation structure, soil characteristic, low land forest, RPH Sentul Probolingg
Pest Management in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Natural History Repository
No full textUnder the Malaysian Universities Act 1971, Higher Learning Institutions are encouraged to set up museums that could support teaching and learning at the institution. With that provision, the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Natural History Repository was formed in 2014, to support the newly developed BSc Program called Biodiversity and Conservation. Under the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Centre of Research - Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), develops and organizes the repository. Currently the repository is sited at a shoplot building in Parit Raja Campus that had been modified as part of campus expansion plan. The process of converting this shoplot building into functional gallery/storage space introduced a new challenge in pest management. The goals were to ensure whatever pests already present are eradicated, determine ways to seal out future pests, stabilize the condition to decrease pest infestation, and establish a monitoring program. Baseline pest data were collected via trapping throughout the repository spaces before, during, and after retrofit construction. Data from trapping were used to assess pest problems, and actions to eliminate these pests were initiated. A year-long survey of pests was performed after staff and collections occupied the building. The results showed variation in pest diversity and populations. Having succeeded in controlling insects pest problems at UTHM Natural History Repository would lead to better teaching/learning experience for graduates as well as promoting public awareness and education especially among young public on biodiversity.Under the Malaysian Universities Act 1971, Higher Learning Institutions are encouraged to set up museums that could support teaching and learning at the institution. With that provision, the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Natural History Repository was formed in 2014, to support the newly developed BSc Program called Biodiversity and Conservation. Under the Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Centre of Research - Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), develops and organizes the repository. Currently the repository is sited at a shoplot building in Parit Raja Campus that had been modified as part of campus expansion plan. The process of converting this shoplot building into functional gallery/storage space introduced a new challenge in pest management. The goals were to ensure whatever pests already present are eradicated, determine ways to seal out future pests, stabilize the condition to decrease pest infestation, and establish a monitoring program. Baseline pest data were collected via trapping throughout the repository spaces before, during, and after retrofit construction. Data from trapping were used to assess pest problems, and actions to eliminate these pests were initiated. A year-long survey of pests was performed after staff and collections occupied the building. The results showed variation in pest diversity and populations. Having succeeded in controlling insects pest problems at UTHM Natural History Repository would lead to better teaching/learning experience for graduates as well as promoting public awareness and education especially among young public on biodiversity.
Filogenetik Jenis-jenis Annonaceae dari Jawa Timur Koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodadi Berdasarkan Coding dan Non-coding sekuen DNA
Get PDFAnnonaceae species of Purwodadi Botanic Garden collections from East Java encountered problems in species identification based on morphological characters. In addition, the unavailability of molecular data to support identification based on morphological characters hinders accurate identification of species. The aim of this research is to discern phylogenetic of Annonaceae species from East Java collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden based on coding and non-coding sequence DNA. Annonaceae species used in this study are 30 species, includes outgroup from family of Magnoliaceae. Materials for DNA analysis were young leaves which were processed through DNA extraction, DNA amplification through PCR technique, DNA sequencing and data analysis with Maximum Likelihood (ML), Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Neighbour-Joining (NJ) method analysis. The results show that phylogenetic tree is divided into two subfamilies, i.e. Annonoideae and Malmeoideae. The topology of phylogenetic tree from three DNA molecular marker shows that non-coding sequence DNA (trnL-F molecular marker) has the best grouping of relationship and be able to explain the relationship between species of Annonaceae than rbcL and matK molecular marker as coding sequence DNA. Bootstrap value of trnL-F tree is very weak to high (36-100%) while rbcL is very weak to weak (17-63%) and matK tree is high (98-99%)
The Production of Corn Kernel Miso Based on Rice-koji Fermented by Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus
Get PDFThe suitability of corn kernel as raw material to produce miso fermented by rice-koji containing Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus oligosporus has been investigated. The optimization was conducted on two important factors in miso production namely mold composition in rice-koji and salt concentration. The mold composition was prepared by inoculating the spores of 2% A. oryzae, 2% R. oligosporus, and 2% the mixture of both in a ratio of 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 (v/v) into different rice media. The mold composition was optimized to produce rice-koji with high α-amylase and protease activity. Different NaCl concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% were subjected to optimization process and added to each mixture after five days of fermentation. The salt concentration was also optimized to produce corn kernel miso with high glucose and high dissolved protein concentration. The result showed that rice-koji containing A. oryzae and R. oligosporus in the ratio of 1:1 had the highest α-amylase and protease activity of 0.42 U/mL and 0.45 U/mL respectively. In addition, the presence of 10% NaCl in corn kernel miso fermented by A. oryzae and R. oligosporus in the ratio of 1:1 exhibited the highest glucose and dissolved protein concentration of 0.64 mg/mL and 8.80 mg/mL respectively. The optimized corn kernel miso by A. oryzae and R. oligosporus in the ratio of 1:1 with 10% NaCl was subjected to nutrient content analysis and compared to the result before the corn kernel was fermented. The nutrient content analysis showed nutrient enhancement after corn kernel was fermented and transformed into a miso. Glucose, dissolved protein, and fat content increased 6.74, 1.34, 7.63 times respectively. This study concludes corn kernel could be utilized to produce a novel corn kernel miso for dietary diversification and for improving nutritional and health status
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Campuran Ekstrak Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura) terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Bacillus subtilis
Get PDFMoringa oleifera and Muntingia calabura leaves have been reported to have an antibacterial activity that could inhibit the growth of gram positive and negative bacteria. However, the antibacterial activity of mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves has not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to test antibacterial activity of the mixed extract of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The experiment was conducted by agar disc diffusion method using three groups of extract treatments i.e. M.oleifera seeds extract, M.calabura leaves extract, and mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves with a ratio of 1: 1 (v / v). The extraction of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves was conducted by soxhlation method and using ethanol as solvent. The three groups of extract treatments with a concentration of 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1200 ppm, and 1600 ppm were tested on P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity test of M. oleifera seed extract against B. subtilis carried out at the level of concentrations i.e. 150 ppm, 300 ppm, 450 ppm, 600 ppm, and 750 ppm, meanwhile, M. calabura leaves extract was done at concentration 1500 ppm, 3000 ppm, 4500 ppm, 6000 ppm, and 7500 ppm. The result showed that the three groups of extract treatments possess antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The mixed extracts of M. oleifera seeds and M. calabura leaves with a ratio of 1: 1 (v / v) at level concentration of 400 ppm and 800 ppm were tested against P. aeruginosa significantly increased, and at concentrations of 1200 ppm and 1600 ppm significantly decreased the inhibition diameter of bacterial growth than the other extracts treatments. The antibacterial test results of M.oleifera seeds extract and M.calabura leaves extract against B. subtilis shows that increased concentrations of the extract significantly increase the inhibition diameter of bacterial growth especially at high concentrations ( 600 ppm and 750 ppm) on M. oleifera seeds extract, as well as 6000 ppm and 7500 ppm in M. calabura leaves extract
Root Anatomy and Growth of Capsicum frutescens L. on Verticulture with Different Watering Supply
No full textThe rapid increase in human population reduces land productivity in urban areas. Verticulture is a way of planting in a vertical arrangement, such as for Capsicum frutescens L. This study aimed to examine the root anatomy and growth responses of C. frutescens L. Fourteen days old seedlings were grown in polybags on the ground and into vertical pots made of paralon pipe. Watering was given for every day, once in 3 days, and once in 6 days were apllied for 35 days, at elevation of 0 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm and 75 cm. The lower watering supply decreased the root diameter due to the thinner of cortical, xylem and stele tissues. Decreased in plant height, leaf number, length-width of leaves, and fresh and dry weight of root-shoots were also observed in low watering plants, but there were increases in roots length and leaves chlorophyll content. The xylem was less developed in plants at higher position compared to the lower positon and this was more detected in plants with less watering. Decreasing plant growth occurs in conditions of water shortage and the higher plant layout on paralon, while root vascullar tissue was less developed in less watering and higher position plants.
Flower-Insect Visitor Interaction: Study Case on Rhododendron inundatum Sleumer in Bali Botanic Garden
Get PDFThe Rhododendron-insect relationship was quite well studied in the northern hemisphere. However, information on the flower-insect relationship of the Indonesian Rhododendron was limited. This study aims to find the interaction between Rhododendron inundatum Sleumer collected in Bali Botanic Garden and its flower-visiting insect. The study was conducted by observing insect visitation to the flower of R. inundatum for 1 hour a day and repeated for nine days. Data analysis was conducted by calculating the Visitation Rate (VR) of each visitor taxa to determine its frequency. Study result showed that R. inundatum in Bali Botanic Garden was visited mainly by Chrysopa sp., as well as members of the Vespidae, Curculionidae, Muscidae, Drosophilidae, and Tephritidae. The result of this study was dissimilar with the previous study of white-flowered Rhododendron, which was mainly visited by moths
Pemanfaatan dan Efektivitas Kegiatan Penangkaran Penyu di Bali bagi Konservasi Penyu
Get PDFSea turtle has been widely consumed in Bali since the 1970s mostly for religious activities. After many international critics, various stakeholders (governments, NGOs, environmentalists and Balinese people) developed the so-called “turtle conservation centre” as means to conserve sea turtles. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of those conservation efforts by evaluating the conservation activities of each conservation centres. We visited five sea turtle conservation centres in Bali; all were named as captive breeding centres or farm. The captive breeding centre is misleading as there is no activity related to captive breeding, mostly hatchery. Some of the eggs were not even originated from Bali, and the centres were sometimes used as the source for sea turtle for religious purposes. Based on the scoring, only one centre is active in terms of conservation. Turtle conservation program in Bali should increase their in situ program, i.e. mapping and protecting the nesting habitat and conducting regular monitoring of nesting turtle
Peptone and tomato extract induced early stage of embryo development of Dendrobium phalaenopsis Orchid
Get PDFGermination and growth of orchid seeds can be accelerated by the addition of organic supplement and plant extract in culture medium. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of peptone and tomato extract on early stage of embryo development of Dendrobium phalaenopsis orchids. Orchid seeds were sown on NP and VW medium with addition of 10% of CW (NPCW and VWCW). Five weeks after seed germination, about 58.03% seed germination was observed on VWCW medium, and only 37.45% seed germination on NPCW. Tomato extract and peptone were added in VWCW, resulting VWCWTP medium. After 4-8 weeks on VWCWTP, 94.42% seeds was germinated into plantlet, but only 67.30% germinated seeds on VWCW. To get optimal growth and development of D. phalaenopsis orchids embryos in the in vitro condition, supplement of 100 ml.L-1 coconut water, 100 mg.L-1 tomato extract and 2 mg.L-1 peptone into VW basic medium is required