Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
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Effect of Iron Toxicity on the Growth of Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala Seedlings
Get PDFIron (Fe) is a micro essential needed by plants in small amounts and can be toxic when available in large quantities. This study aimed to evaluate how Fe exposure affects the growth of C. callothyrsus and L. leucocephala seedlings. This study used a completely randomized design with factorial, where the first factor consisted of two levels of seedlings (C. calothyrsus and L. leucocephala), and the second factor consisted of Fe concentration which consisted of 8 levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 mM). The results showed that treatment of seedlings species and concentration of Fe was able to significantly affect the growth parameters (height, root length, root dry weight, shoots, and plant dry weight) of seedlings. The control treatment (without Fe) showed the highest growth response compared to those treated with Fe exposure and an increase in Fe concentration was able to reduce all growth parameters in both seedlings. The 0.5 mM Fe concentration reduced all growth parameters of C. calothyrsus drastically, while in L. leucocephala, the Fe 0.75 concentration was able to decrease all growth parameters drastically. The tolerance index of both seedlings decreased with increasing Fe concentration. The rate of photosynthesis did not show a significant difference between treatments, meanwhile, it had a significant effect on chlorophyll affect chlorophyll (a, b, and total chlorophyll) and carotenoid content. The highest Fe content in C. calothyrsus seedlings was at a concentration of 1.5 mM (4.40%), while in L. leucocephala seedlings, the highest Fe content was at 1.7 mM (2.87%).
Identification of ISSR-based Molecular Markers Associated with Ploidy Level of Orange Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai)
Get PDFIndonesia is an agrarian country whose territory is partly used as an agricultural sector, has especially watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai). At present, the development of watermelons in Indonesia still requires a variety of colors, superior watermelons need to be developed by making triploid orange watermelons. The new watermelon cultivar (F₁) is the result of crossing 'Jelita' (♀) and 'BallyBall' (♂) which are expected to provide a combination of characters that can produce large and sweet fruits. The purpose of this study was to identify ISSR markers that were associated with ploidy levels of horticultural crops, particularly watermelon. The watermelons were growns on the agricultural land of Kebondalem Hamlet, Madurejo Village, Prambanan District, D.I.Y. and analyzed at the Laboratory of Biotechnology PAU, UGM and Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Biology UGM. Analysis of genetic variation was carried out using the PCR-ISSR method and the DNA bandwidth was calculated using Paint Apps, Microsoft Excel 2013, and Microsoft Word 2013. The results of crossing 'Jelita' and 'King Quality 'is sterile. The result of 'Jelita' with 'BallyBall' produces tillers until sterile harvest time. The results of the analysis of genetic variation using the PCR-ISSR method indicate that the ISSR BI, B3, B5, and CBTC 1 molecular markers cannot be used to distinguish ploidy from the tested watermelons.
The Increase of Sumatran Tiger’s Prey Following Eradication of Melastoma malabatrichum in Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia
Get PDFThe invasion of the planter's rhododendron (Melastoma malabatrichum) in Way Kambas National Park caused the loss of the sumatran tiger preys feeding ground, therefore efforts were made to eradicate the plant. This study aimed to compare the presence of sumatran tiger preys between M. malabatrichum-invaded location and eradicated location. Eradication was carried out by removing M. malabatrichum on a plot measuring 80 x 60 m2. To record the animal visit, the camera traps were placed at the eradicated and invaded location of M. malabatrichum for comparison. The results showed that the M. malabatrichum eradicated location was more frequently visited by sumatran tiger preys. At the M. malabatrichum eradicated location, camera traps recorded 19 species of wild boar having the highest encounter rate (55.23) followed by sambar deer (33.24), and long-tailed macaque (17.43). Meanwhile, at the M. malabatrichum invaded location, camera traps recorded 13 species with wild boar having the highest encounter rate (30.56), followed by sambar deer (14.75), and long-tailed macaque (14.48). Thus, the eradication of M. malabatrichum had a good impact on increasing the number of sumatran tiger preys due to the availability of feed after being free from M. malabatrichum invasion
Body Weight Gain and Carcass Quality of the Hybrid Chicken Derived from the Crossing between Female F1 Kampung Super and Male F1 Kampung-Broiler
Get PDFThis research was conducted to observe the body weight gain and carcass quality of the hybrid chicken derived from the crossing between female F1 Kampung Super and male F1 Kampung-Broiler. The weekly weight gain for seven weeks and carcass quality, including breast yield, protein content, lipid content, moisture, and pH were measured with each group consists of six individuals. The chickens were slaughtered for meat quality measurements on the 7th week. The results showed that the hybrid chickens’ weight at the 7th week (888.22±139.63) was higher than layer (467.06±85.7) and pelung (436.39±42.33). The hybrid chicken’s breast yield (3.20%) was significantly higher than pelung’s (1.66%). These characteristics of hybrid chicken breast muscle lead to the conclusion that hybrid chicken is a potential alternative meat-type chicken with local chicken meat characteristics and has relatively fast growth
Avifaunal Diversity and Community Structure in Universitas Brawijaya Forest, East Java, Indonesia
Get PDFAvifauna inhabiting the mountainous forest ecosystem is severely threatened by anthropogenic disturbances, especially in the Java island of Indonesia. Yet, efforts to monitor the avifauna diversity are lacking, including in one of the mountainous forest areas, Universitas Brawijaya Forest (UBF). In this study, information about diversity, community structure, feeding specialization, and conservation status of avifauna is presented. Observations were conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 on two designated tracks with different degree of disturbances. Data were analyzed based on their conservation status, local distribution, feeding specialization (Jaccard similarity index), species richness, total abundance, species diversity (Shannon-Wiener diversity index), and importance value index (IVI). A total of 51 species from 27 families were identified. Two species at risk (one Near Threatened and one Endangered) and 9 protected avifauna were noted. This study can be used as the baseline data for future conservation management in the UBF
Callus induction and secondary metabolite profile from Elephantopus scaber L.
Get PDFElephantopus scaber L. is a plant that has potential as traditional medicine. Callus induction and production of secondary metabolite content can be increased by culture callus using plant growth regulators. This study was purposed to investigate the effect of IBA and kinetin concentration on the induction and secondary metabolite profile of callus from E. scaber L. leaves. Leaves explant of E. scaber L. were cultured on MS medium with various combination concentrations of IBA and kinetin for 6 weeks and then callus was extracted using methanol. Secondary metabolite content from the resulting extract was analyzed using the phytochemical screening method. The result showed that the treatment of IBA 2.0 mg/L and kinetin 1.0 mg/L and treatment of IBA 2.0 mg/L and kinetin 2.5 mg/L are the fastest combination concentration to induce callus at 5.33 ± 0.577 days. Treatment of IBA 2.0 mg/L and kinetin 2.5 mg/L produced callus with the highest fresh weight and dry weight at 0.7016 ± 0.0588 grams and 0.0766 ± 0.0062 grams, respectively. The morphology of calluses grown during this study was compact with various colors appearance, such as light green, brownish green, and brown. Secondary metabolite content of methanol extract of callus E. scaber L. are flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins
Biomass Estimation of Eaglewood (Aquilaria filaria (Oken) Merr.) in the Karst Ecosystem of West Papua
Get PDFEaglewood is Indonesia’s important trade commodity in the form of resins from several infected species of Thymelaeaceae. The basis to determine its international trade quota through CITES is derived from the estimated eaglewood-producing species grown in their habitat. This paper aims to estimate the biomass of eaglewood, Aquilaria filaria, in the karst ecosystem of West Papua. We conducted a plot-based method and calculated the biomass of A. filaria using a diameter-based allometric equation and simulated using a bootstrap procedure. The results showed that 15,500 tons of naturally infected eaglewood are estimated in the karst ecosystem of West Papua
Update on New Species and Record of Fishes in the Coral Triangle Region for the Last 10 Years (2008-2019)
Get PDFUpdated data is an essential requirement for carrying out research, planning, and policy briefs. The Coral reef triangle region is one of the areas with the highest diversity of marine biota and the discovery of new species in this area are increasing every year, much of this information is already available. However, most of the data is not available per region and is still scattered. This study aims to create a checklist and assessment of new species and a new record of fishes from this region over the last ten years based on several aspects, including species composition, pattern of distribution, endemicity, and depth using every source of the report and secondary literature data. The current new species and a new record of fish in the last decades combined consists of 360 species (268 new species and 92 new records). The most speciose group of family dominated by Gobiidae (93), followed by Labridae, Pomacentridae and Serranidae (18), Apogonidae (17), Dasyatidae (15), and the rest were ranged from 1-9 species per family. More than half of new species and new records are found in Indonesia, followed by the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Island. The result shows that cryptobenthic Families especially Gobiidae from genus Trimma and eviota are dominated the trend of new species and new record discovery and it is expected to rise over time while there will also be an emergence of some possibly new endemic species from major and rare families from the eastern part of Indonesia (West Papua and Papua New Guinea). Thus, the eastern part of Indonesia (Papua, Maluku, Aru Sea, and Papua New Guinea) and the northern part of Indonesia (North Sulawesi and Philippine) are suitable for exploration for marine biodiversity discovery research in the future
Molecular Bird Sexing of Tanimbar Cockatoos (Cacatua goffiniana) by Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Method
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the sex of Tanimbar Cockatoo (Cacatua goffiniana) birds by amplifying Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding-1 (CHD-1) gene on Z and W sex chromosomes as well as to compare the quality of DNA extraction and PCR amplification products from samples derived from peripheral blood and plucked feathers. This work used five C. goffiniana birds which were collected from the Wildlife Rescue Center (WRC) in Pengasih, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. From each C. goffiniana, feather samples were collected by plucking feathers on the ventral wing and peripheral blood samples were taken by cutting their nails and collecting the blood into microhematocrit tubes containing heparin. The next stage was DNA extraction and DNA amplification on the CHD-1 gene using the PCR method by NP, P2, and MP primer pairs. Then, products of DNA extraction and PCR amplification were electrophoresed on 1.5% agarose gel and visualized under a UV light transilluminator with a wavelength of 260 nm. The visualization showed that samples from peripheral blood generated clearer DNA fragments compared to plucked feathers. Two of the five samples were male C. goffiniana and the other three samples were females. In the male Tanimbar Cockatoo was amplified a single DNA fragment of the Z sex chromosome in size of 300 bp, whereas in the female C. goffiniana was amplified double DNA fragments of Z and W sex chromosomes in size of 300 bp and 400 bp respectively. The DNA quality showed that the DNA quality from peripheral blood samples were better in quality than the DNA collected from plucked feather samples
Detection of Knockdown-Resistance Mutations (V1016G and F1534C) in Dengue Vector from Urban Park, Surabaya, Indonesia
Get PDFAn urban park is potentially a source of vector-borne disease transmission due to it being a natural and artificial mosquito breeding habitats combined with people's continuous presence. Thus, this study aims to screen the occurrence of knockdown-resistance (kdr) mutant alleles (V1016G and F1534C) in mosquito populations collected from urban parks in Surabaya, Indonesia. Cross sectional study was conducted in July 2019. A total of 28 ovitraps were installed in seven urban parks, having four ovitraps installed in each park. In total, 1,662 eggs were collected, and only 187 emerged into adult mosquitoes, consisting of 97 Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and 90 Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus. All-female adult mosquitoes (n=55) were tested using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay (AS-PCR) to detect voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene mutations. This study found no mutations in Valine to Glysine mutation in point 1016 (V1016G) and Phenylalanine to Cysteine in point 1534 (F1534C) alleles in both two species. All of mosquito samples have wild type genotype of kdr alleles (V1016V and F1534F). Data were analysed using R Studio 1.4 Version by Genetics package. Results showed that the frequency of resistant alleles (G1016 and C1534) was zero, and the frequency of susceptible allele was 1 (V1016 and F1534). Insecticide bioassay could not be established due to the limited number of adult mosquitoes, so insecticide resistance status could not be determined. However, this study can be used as preliminary monitoring for the vector control program