Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
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Predicting the Distribution of Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) in Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung
Get PDFThe distribution of a species can help guide the protection activities in their natural habitat. Conversely, the lack of information on this distribution makes the protection strategy of this species difficult. The research was conducted in Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park from January until March 2018. The purposes of this research were to create a distribution prediction map of Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) and estimating the environment variables that most influenced the probability of the distribution. Fourteen points of camera trap coordinates were used for presence data with nine types of environment variables such as elevation, slope, understorey, canopy cover, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from villages, food source, and distance from the threat. The result of maxent showed an Area Under the Curve (AUC) value of 0.909 categorized as very good. The highest probability of Sunda pangolin distributions was in the Pemerihan Resort and Way Haru Resort area, while the dominant environmental variables included the distance from the village, the canopy cover, and the distance from threat with the value 47.7; 25.85; and 15.8%, respectively. Prediction maps and environment variables can help to identify the population of Sunda pangolin in the wild and can provide input for the national parks to prioritize protection areas for Sunda pangolin from the increased poaching
Community Structure of Dragonfly (Ordo: Odonata) in Natural Forest and Tourist Sites Petungkriyono Forest, Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFPetungkriyono forest is a tropical rainforest with high biodiversity. The increasing tourism activities in Petungkriyono lead to land conversion. Dragonfly (order Odonata) is a good bioindicator for aquatic and terrestrial. This study aimed to compare the community structure of Odonata in natural forests and tourist sites. The method of collecting imago Odonata was done by direct searching, samples were captured using sweep netting. The results showed that the dragonflies found in all locations consisted of the same family, 2 families (Gomphidae and Libellulidae) from the suborder Anisoptera and 6 families (Calopterygidae, Chlorocyphidae, Coenagrionidae, Euphaidae Platycnemididae, and Platystictidae) from the suborder Zygoptera. The total species of dragonflies found in Sokokembang were 15 species with a total of 293 individuals, Tirta Muncar 13 species of 287 individuals, Karanggondang 17 species of 276 individuals, and Curug Lawe 14 species of 242 individuals. The highest relative abundance of individuals was in the natural forest of Sokokembang is Drepanosticta spatulifera (26.28%) and in Karanggondang Vestalis luctuosa (24.64%), while in the tourist forests of Tirta Muncar and Curug Lawe were Euphaea variegata (34.84% and 28.51 %). The structure of the Odonata community is based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the natural forests of Sokokembang (2.18) and Karanggondang (2.21) at the tourist sites of Tirta Muncar (1.84) and Curug Lawe (2.11). The results showed that the structure of the Odonata community based on the level of the diversity index value, evenness index, and dominance index in natural forests and tourist sites in Petungkriyono forest was not significantly different.
Detection of AtRKD4 Protein During Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Dendrobium lineale Rolfe Transgenic Orchids Carrying 35S::GR::AtRKD4
Get PDFDendrobium lineale is an Indonesian native orchid from the Spatulata section in Orchidaceae Family. This orchid is important because it is usually used as a parental plant in orchid breeding and is predicted to have a potential phytochemistry compound. In addition, in their natural habitat, this orchid is threatened due to forest exploitation and natural disaster. Therefore the precision mass propagation techniques for this orchid need to be conducted. Biotechnological approaches through inserting embryo gene such as AtRKD4 from Arabidopsis thaliana has already been successfully conducted. This study aims to check the integration stability of T-DNA harboring 35S::GR::AtRKD4 from ten selection transformants and to detect the existence of AtRKD4 protein after induction by Dexamethasone and/ Thidiazuron. The result showed that T-DNA were stably integrated into the genome of D. lineale transformants and the AtRKD4 protein with a molecular weight of 28.53 kDa was detected in D. lineale transformant plants after being induced by 15 µM DEX and 3 mgL-1 TDZ for 5 days
Intergeneric Hybridization between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘saint valentine’: Characterization of Parents Using ndhE cpDNA Partial Sequence
Get PDFAn intergeneric cross between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘saint valentine’ has successfully produced protocorms that will be grown further to form seedlings. The present study aims to genetically characterize both parents by using ndhE partial gene as its sequence is shown polymorphic among five orchid genera of the subtribe Oncidiinae. The results reveal that the ndhE partial sequences of Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘saint valentine’ are considerably homologous with those of Oncidium. However, alignment of ndhE partial sequences between both parents shows only 58% similarity, leading to the conclusion that a relatively high genetic difference between them may occur.
Neither Coral- nor Symbiont- Genetic Diversity may Explain the Resistance of the Coral Echinopora lamellosa to Bleaching
Get PDFGenetic diversity has an important role in the stability of coral populations in coping with disturbances. In the last three bleaching events, the coral Echinopora lamellosa survived better in the eastern- than the western- Lombok waters that are not related to algal symbiont diversity. The present study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of E. lamellosa from the two locations in the Lombok waters. The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (whole ITS region) marker was used to identify and to determine the genetic structure, genetic variation, and demographic pattern of E. lamellosa. The results showed that E. lamellosa of the two locations are two different populations. The haplotype diversity was very high indicating a predominance of sexual reproduction mode for both eastern and western populations. The phylogenetic topology suggests there is possible connectivity between populations, whereas the haplotype network exhibits a restricted gene flow between the two populations. The results suggest that the present E. lamellosa populations were from both surviving colonies and new recruitment of long-distance larvae. Both population likely shares the same larvae supply brought from source-reefs in the Flores Sea or Makassar Strait by the Indonesian Throughflow. The present and previous studies revealed that genetic diversity alone yet to explain the resistance of E. lamellosa in eastern and western Lombok waters.
Shallow-water Sponges from a High-sedimentation Estuarine Bay (Brunei, Northwest Borneo, Southeast Asia)
Get PDFTropical estuaries are important habitats for invertebrates including sponges, a group of marine organisms that fulfill significant ecological roles and provide ecosystem services. Here, we describe the sponge fauna from Pulau Bedukang, a small island in a turbid, variable salinity, acidified and eutrophic estuarine bay (Brunei Darussalam, northwest Borneo). We present records for 14 morphological species (OTUs). Six of these species belong to the Haplosclerida, an order of shallow-water sponges that usually tolerate more variable and extreme physical conditions. Our baseline data contribute to the regional biogeography of sponges and present a reference source for ecological studies on marine animals inhabiting variable estuarine environments. This is the first known record of sponges from the northwest Bornean region of the South China Sea that are not associated with a coral ecosystem; other studies have concerned Singapore, peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, southern China, and Taiwan.
Potential Screening of Bacteriocinogenic-Lactic Acid Bacteria from Mangrove Sediment of Logending Beach for Fisheries Product Preservation
Get PDFThe meat and fisheries products have high nutritional content which is highly ideal for bacterial growth. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have several potential advantages as a bio-preservative agent in the food industry because they produce antimicrobial substances against pathogenic bacteria e.g. bacteriocin. Our previous study has succeeded in isolating and characterizing LAB from the mangrove sediments of Logending Beach, Kebumen. This present study aimed to determine the activity of bacteriocinogenic-LAB against food-borne pathogens and their potential for fisheries product preservation. The study consisted of five serial stages, as follows: screening of LAB isolates, cell-free supernatant production and its inhibition activity, extraction of partially purified bacteriocin, bacteriocin confirmation against proteolytic enzymes, and in-vitro test of partially-purified bacteriocin against Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella typhi. A total of 25 out of 99 isolates were able to grow on MRSA+1% CaCO3 medium. Initial screening showed that the cell-free supernatant of 14 LAB isolates was able to inhibit the growth of S. thypi, S. flexneri, and L. monocytogenes. There was an increased inhibitory activity of partially purified bacteriocin when compared with the cell-free supernatant which was statistically different (p<0.01). It indicated that the purification was successfully performed. Bacteriocin expressed a lower inhibition against S. typhi than L. monocytogenes and S. flexneri. The ANOVA test showed that each indicator pathogenic-bacterium expresses a very significant sensitivity to the partially purified bacteriocin
Seed and Germination Study of a New Guinea Endemic Plant Species Grevillea papuana Diels.
Get PDFGrevillea papuana is a culturally important endemic plant species of New Guinea highland. Although G. papuana conservation and propagation attempts were already conducted, this species seed and germination characters information were still very limited. This study aimed to provide information regarding G. papuana seed and germination biology. Seed characteristic and germination trials were conducted in this study. Data analysis was conducted descriptively, while germination parameters were also calculated. G. papuana has a light, elliptic, and winged seed. The species germination was low and ununiform with phanerocotylar epigeal foliaceous (PEF) seedling functional type
Sibling Indices as Comparisons in Personal Identification Process through Short Tandem Repeats [STR] Loci CSF1PO, THOI, TPOX, vWA of Maduranese Ethnic in Surabaya
Get PDFSibling indices can be used as a comparison through alleles Short Tandem Repeats [STR] loci. This is an observational study among Maduranese with 4 STR loci (CSF1PO, THOI, TPOX, vWA) obtained from their blood samples. The percentage of alleles shared: 82.5% [33 times] with 2 allele sharing, 12.5% [5 times] with 1 allele sharing, and 5 % [2 times] with 0 sharing alleles. Sibling indices (SI) calculation results: 65% of sibling indices pairs have SI greater than 100 and 15% of them were between 10-100 (strong and very strong). Sibling indices interpretation is supported; therefore, the claimed sibling indices relationships were indeed true among Maduranese ethnic group in Surabaya
Macroinvertebrates Reveal Water Quality Differences in Various Agricultural Management
Get PDFMonitoring benthic communities under different agricultural practices and management could potentially become an important tool to evaluate ecosystem health and stability. Benthic macroinvertebrates have been widely used as water quality bioindicators. This study aims to analyze macroinvertebrates in rice field ecosystems affected by three types of management practices, including conventional, semi-organic, and organic. This study was conducted in Sumberjambe and Kemiri, Jember Regency. Macroinvertebrate samples were collected at three sampling stations for each type of rice field, giving out a total of nine stations. Through Ekman grab, samples were obtained and transferred into a jam jar filled with 70% ethanol using a brush. Six ecological indices were selected to describe the diversity of each station. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using PAST3 software provided the sample's preference towards the stations and the higher taxa (Class). We also analyzed the similarity of the macroinvertebrate communities between the sampling stations using the Jaccard Similarity Index (JSI). A total of 11 families and 4 classes of macroinvertebrates are recorded. The Shannon-Wiener index shows high diversity for stations with organic management practices (1.318), while the Evenness index shows the highest value for conventional stations (0.9449). The Jaccard similarity index value reports two stations with semi-organic stations as well as semi-organic and organic stations having the highest similarity (JSI = 76.47%), while the lowest similarity value is characterized for conventional and organic stations (JSI = 13.19%)