Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
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Essential Oils of Etlingera acanthodes A.D. Poulsen, An Endemic Ginger from Sulawesi Island
Get PDFEtlingera acanthodes A.D. Poulsen is a ginger endemic to Sulawesi, and there is no research on its essential oils. The Essential oil information of E. acanthodes is the first reported and has a high novelty. The objective of the study is to analyze the component of E. acanthodes essential oils, which are endemic to Sulawesi. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves, stems, flowers, and rhizomes of E. acanthodes A.D. Poulsen. The samples were analyzed by GC-MS method using the Agilent Technologies 7890 Gas Chromatograph with Auto Sampler. Data analysis of essential oils of GC-MS results were determined based on comparing mass spectra from the NIST 2005 v.2.0 library and Wiley 7 library 2003. The oils of E. acanthodes contain terpenoids, phenolic, steroids, and other compounds. Phenolic compounds (39.56%) predominate in leaves, other compounds (41.25%) on stems, diterpenes hydrocarbons (77.3%) in flowers, and other compounds (43.5%) and steroids (40.4%) on rhizomes. The five main compounds of E. acanthodes are Neophytadiene; (+)-De-O-Methylcentrolobine; Cholest-5-En-3-Ol,23-Ethyl-,(3. Beta.23S)-; 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid, Phenol, 2-ethyl-. The analysis found several compounds that can be used for industry and medicine in the future.
The Formula media in vitro Propagation and Conservation of Ludwigia sp.
Get PDFThe aquatic plant "Red Malang” (Ludwigia sp.) has a fairly high economic value as an ornamental aquatic plant, so it has the potential to be developed. The growth of in vitro cultures in culture bottles is high-speed, so it is necessary to find a formula media to inhibit growth so that the frequency of subcultures is reduced. The current research aims to produce a formula media for shoot multiplication and in vitro culture conservation. The research was carried out at the ICABIOGRAD tissue culture laboratory from April 2020 to June 2021. Research activities included plant propagation, conservation, and regeneration after conservation. Plant material was using in the form of a culture collection in the ICABIOGRAD tissue culture laboratory, treatment media for propagation were BA (0; 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7 and 0.9 mg/L) + thidiazuron (TDZ) (0 and 0.1mg/L). For conservation were MS + BA medium (0 and 0.1 mg/L) + paclobutrazol (0; 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7 mg/L) and for shoot regeneration after conservation using MS medium without Plant Growth Regulator (PGR). Data analysis using the Anova SAS version 9.0 test program. Further test using DMRT test with alpha level 5%. There was no difference in the mean value between levels of TDZ treatment on the number of shoots and leaves. The difference in the mean value between levels of TDZ treatment was very significant on shoot height, the number of roots, and root length. BA treatment with a concentration of 0.7 mg/L is better because it gives higher results for each observation variable. For conservation, treatment with paclobutrazol 0.5 mg/L inhibited shoot and leaf count, and 0.3 mg/L inhibited shoot formation. Cultures stored for six months grew normally after being regenerated. The highest shoots and the highest number of leaves were obtained from the treatment of paclobutrazol without BA. This study indicated that the propagation media of aquatic plants Ludwigia sp. did not require high concentrations of BA. Cultures could be stored for over six months using paclobutrazol with 0.3-0.6 mg/L.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities of Curcuma purpurascens Blume, A Review
Get PDFCurcuma sp. is generally used for medicine, starch sources, preservatives, dyes and cosmetics. The use of Curcuma spp. for medical has increased because there have been many studies related to its active ingredients, such as flavonoids, essential oils, tannins, quinones, and terpenoids, as well as pharmacological activities, including wound healing, antioxidants, antifungal, anticancer, gastroprotective, and hepatoprotective. Curcuma purpurascens Blume is a species of Curcuma from family Zingiberaceae and used for traditional medicine. This article focuses on reviewing the literatures on C. purpurascens and discussing its morphology, phytochemical content, and pharmacological aspects. The method used to review this article was by exploring several databases such as Scopus, Pub Med, and Google Scholar to identify and download original articles and research journals related to the morphology, phytochemical content, and biological activity of Curcuma purpurascens Blume. The result of this review will later provide information about the uses and presence of Curcuma purpurascens Blume which is still rarely studied so further study related to its pharmacological activity tests and active compound as natural medicines can be explored
Anti-hypercholesterolemia, Anti-atherogenic, and Anti-hypertension Effects of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) in Rats Induced by High Fat and Fructose Diet
Get PDFMetabolic syndrome is associated with abnormalities of lipid levels in the blood such as hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia conditions can increase the risk of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a plant that contains high antioxidants. Beetroot has the potency to be used as a functional food that can reduce the potential for atherosclerosis and blood pressure. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of beetroot-enriched feed on the cholesterol level, atherogenic index and blood pressure of rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) induced by high fat and fructose diet. As many as 25 rats were divided into control, hyperlipidemia, and three treatment groups. The hyperlipidemia and treatment groups were induced to become hyperlipidemia using AIN93-M modified high fat and fructose feed for 8 weeks. The treatment groups were followed by intervention with 6, 9, and 12% beetroot enriched feed for 6 weeks. The feed was prepared by mixing beetroot flour in the pellets. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, and HDL level measurement was conducted after hyperlipidemia induction and after the intervention. The data analyzed with one-way ANOVA, DMRT, and T-Test. The results showed that 6% beetroot intervention have the highest increasing of HDL-cholesterol than other groups. The 9% beetroot intervention significantly decrease total cholesterol lower than normal baseline, and 12% beetroot intervention significantly decrease blood pressure than other groups. The atherogenic index of all treatment group was decreased. The 9% beetroot enriched feed was seen as an optimum dose to reduce total cholesterol, atherogenic index and blood pressure and increase HDL-cholesterol.
Stomata characters of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) mutants of GMP3 variety at PT Gunung Madu Plantations, Lampung, Indonesia
Get PDFThe induction of colchicine mutations is one method of breeding. PT Gunung Madu Plantations, for example, has induced mutations of commercial sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) varieties, however, investigations on the impact of colchicine on stomatal characters have received less attention. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the stomata character of 21 sugarcane mutants of the GMP3 variety at PT Gunung Madu Plantations, Lampung, Indonesia with a focused look at stomata aperture width, stomata length and width, number of stomata, stomatal density, and stomata index. The collected data were analysed using cluster and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) through MVSP software. This study showed that all GMP3 mutants had Graminae-type stomata. In terms of stomata length and width, the average size of the GMP3 variety mutant was greater than that of the control. The diversity of stomata characters is fairly high due to differences in stomata size between GMP3 and control mutants. With a similarity index of 0.20, the phenetic analysis of 21 mutants of the GMP3 variety revealed that the relationship between mutants and controls was getting further. A six-character principal component analysis revealed that axis I's total variation accounted for 40.54 percent of the variation and had an eigenvalue of 2.43, whereas axis II's contribution to the variation was 19.02 percent and had an eigenvalue of 1.14. The findings indicate that stomata are excellent taxonomic evidence for identifying and analysing sugarcane varieties induced by colchicine-induced breeding.
Region of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA (ITS2) and Chloroplast DNA (rbcL and trnL-F) as A Suitable DNA Barcode for Identification of Zingiber loerzingii Valeton From North Sumatera, Indonesia
Get PDFZingiber loerzingii Valeton is one of the species in the Zingiberaceae family found throughout Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia, with slimy flowers, yellowish white color, and dark orange stamens. Z. loerzingii is endemic in North Sumatra with a very limited distribution. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources classifies this plant into the vulnerable ones category. This study aims to examine the potential of DNA barcoding from nuclear DNA (ITS2) and DNA chloroplasts (rbcL and trnL-F) to identify Z. loerzingii plants. The research sample was obtained from two main distribution areas of Z. loerzingii in North Sumatra, Indonesia, namely Sibolangit Nature Reserve and Tangkahan Conservation Forest. The results showed that all the DNA barcode markers used were able to classify Z. loerzingii into the same group in the phylogenetic analysis. ITS marker is the most effective marker for classifying Zingiberaceae species compared to rbcL and trnL-F markers. The ITS2 marker has the lowest level of intraspecific and intraspecific genetic distance overlap compared to the rbcL and trnL-F markers. This research is expected to provide information related to the DNA barcode of Z. loerzingii in an effort to conserve this rare plant.
Induction of Synthetic Polyploids of Porang (Amorphophallus muelerri Blume) and Assessment of Its Genetic Variability Using Morphological Data and RAPD Molecular Marker
Get PDFThis study uses morphological characteristics and RAPD markers to evaluate the polyploidization of synthetic porang. Seeds of triploid porang (2n=2x=26) were soaked in the different colchicine concentrations for 24 hours. After colchicine treatment, the porang seeds were planted to an MS medium that contained 2.2 µM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), then, 40 days after planting in the MS media, the morphology and molecular of synthetic polyploid porang were characterized. For DNA extraction, a total of 100 mg of young leaves of porang plantlet was collected. One way Anova followed by the Duncan test (95%) was performed for phenotypic characterization. The number of different alleles, number of effective alleles, Shannon's information index, diversity, and unbiased diversity were assessed for genetic diversity. Synthetic polyploid porang has a higher total shoot, root, and wider leaves than normal porang. Polyploidy induction also successfully increased the genetic diversity of porang, and the genetic diversity will increase porang adaptability and sustainability of porang cultivation.
First Report on The Naturalized Alocasia cucullata (Araceae) in Java, Indonesia
Get PDFThe presence of naturalized Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) G.Don (Araceae) in Java is reported for the first time in this paper. The species is an introduced ornamental plant native to India, Sri Lanka, and Indo-China and was only known in cultivation. In this study we collected samples from its naturalized populations in Sukabumi Regency (Cibadak Subdistrict), Sumedang Regency (Jatinangor and Tanjungsari Subdistrict). The observed population grows along the roadside, coastal, ITB Jatinangor green space area, and palm oil plantation. In nature, A. cucullata may spread vegetatively either through root suckers, corms, and stem fragments. The description, distribution map, photographs, and a brief discussion are provided here.
Updated Species Check-list of the Indonesian Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apinae, Meliponini)
Get PDFA catalog provides an index to previous studies in taxonomy, behavioral research, and pollination ecology, thus consolidating the existing knowledge in an accessible format. In this study, we explore the annotated catalog and bibliography of the Indonesian meliponini stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apinae, Meliponini). The catalog format is arranged based on Rasmussen (2008). All available literature was reviewed for compiling this catalog and bibliography. References to a Meliponini genus only were not included in the list of references. Cited references must have used a trackable specific epithet to have been included. In total, Indonesia has 52 recorded stingless bee species across the Indonesian archipelagoes of Sumatera (27 species), Java (13 species), Nusa Tenggara (1 species), Kalimantan (34 species), Sulawesi (8 species), Bali (1 species), Maluku (4 species), and Papua (12 species). After the data was updated, there was an increase in the number of stingless bee species in Indonesia, namely 46 species (before update) to 52 species (after update). An up-to-date, comprehensive taxonomic and biological catalog is fundamental to any comparative evolutionary, ecological, and behavioral research on any group of organisms.
The Synergistic Effect of Combination of Pentagamavunone-1 with Diosmin, Galangin, and Piperine in WiDr Colon Cancer Cells: In vitro and Target Protein Prediction
Get PDFPentagamavunone-1 (PGV-1) is a curcumin analog with a prominent anti-cancer potency in vitro and in vivo for several cancer types, including colon cancer. Combining PGV-1 with natural compounds such as diosmin, galangin, and piperine can enhance its effectiveness due to their promising chemoprevention properties. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining PGV-1 with diosmin, galangin, or piperine for colon cancer by using in vitro and bioinformatic approaches to predict their target proteins. WiDr cells were used as a model for colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). The cell viability under a single or combination treatment of PGV-1 and diosmin, galangin, or piperine was evaluated using direct counting by the trypan blue exclusion test. SwissTargetProtein, UALCAN, and OncoLnc were utilized to predict target proteins of the compounds in COAD, the expression level of target proteins in COAD, and the survival rate of patients with overexpressed target proteins, respectively. The IC50 values for PGV-1, diosmin, galangin, and piperine were 2.8´10-2 µg/mL, 81 µg/mL, 7 µg/mL, and 172 µg/mL, respectively. All the tested natural compounds showed synergistic effects when combined with PGV-1 at low concentrations. Eleven proteins that were overexpressed in COAD were identified as potential targets. Overlapped predicted targets of PGV-1 and galangin or piperine were CDK1, MET, and TOP2A. The high expression of another set of predicted target proteins, SCD, CA9, and SQLE, led to lower survival rates in COAD patients. We concluded that combinations of PGV-1 with natural compounds can synergistically enhane its anti-cancer activity for colon cancer