Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Physical Stability of Binahong Leaf Extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Gelling Agents
Full text linkSecond-degree burns have the highest prevalence and often occur in the household environment. The healing process can be accelerated by traditional medicine. One of the many plants known to have wound-healing abilities is the Binahong plant (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis). The gel preparation is chosen because of the many benefits it can provide. The gelling agents used were Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose. The combination of these gelling agents was chosen because both agents are capable of producing gel preparations with good stability during storage. Therefore, the optimization was carried out to obtain the optimum formula that met the requirements. The observed responses were organoleptic, pH, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity, and homogeneity. The data obtained was optimized with the Simplex Lattice Design program in Design Expert software version 13.0.0. The results of the verification test were compared for their significance with the T-test with a 95% confidence level. The optimum gel stability of Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) was tested using one-way ANOVA and post hoc. The results showed that the optimum formula for Binahong leaf extract gel (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) was obtained with a composition ratio of 0.5% HPMC and 4.5% HEC. The verification results obtained valid values for pH response, viscosity, and spreadability according to SLD predictions. The optimum formula for Binahong leaf extract gel (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) was stable during the cycling test.
The Effects of Giving Coconut Milk on Aortic Wall Thickness of Rats (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) Fed with High Fat Diet (HFD)
Full text linkAtherosclerosis is a chronic disease due to fat accumulation in the blood vessel walls. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Indonesian people’s habit of consuming coconut milk is suspected of causing dyslipidemia, a risk factor for atherosclerosis, by increasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL). However, other studies suggest that coconut milk can increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL), an antioxidant that prevents atherosclerosis. Because of the different findings, this study aims to determine the effects of coconut milk administration on the aortic wall thickness of rats (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) fed a high-fat diet (HFD). This true experimental study used samples of 28 male Wistar rats divided into seven groups. These groups consisted of the normal group (N), the negative control group (Kn), and five treatment groups that received coconut milk at various doses, including 2, 5, 3.75, 5, 7. 5, and 10 ml/kgBW/day. The results obtained were then analyzed using SPSS. The statistical tests used are the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, LSD post hoc, Pearson correlation test, and regression test. Based on this study, the results showed that giving HFD for 45 days could cause the aortic wall to thicken. Meanwhile, giving an HFD accompanied by coconut milk for 45 days can prevent the thickening of the aortic wall, with the maximum effective dose that can be given being 9.75 ml/kg BW/day
The Effect of Binahong Leaves (Anredera cordifolia Steenis) Extract on Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Creatinine Serum and Renal Histopathology of Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Diabetes Mellitus
No full textDiabetic nephropathy is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus on the pancreas that can end up in chronic pancreas failure. Various treatment options to repair pancreas damage due to diabetic nephropathy, one of which is by using Anredera cordifolia leaves. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites in Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract, and to determine the effective dose of Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract in regenerating male white rat kidney cells. This study uses a laboratory experimental method. This study used 30 rats divided into 6 treatment groups, each group consisting of 5 test animals, namely normal group, negative control, positive control, dose of 25 mg/kg BW, dose 50 mg/kg BW, and dose 100 mg/kg bw. The level of histological damage to the renal tubules was observed with HE staining using an Olympus CX23 microscope. The data from the scoring of the level of renal tubular damage were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test to see the differences between treatments. The results showed that the Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract contained secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract has an effect on kidney cell repair; Anredera cordifolia leaves ethanol extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw is effective reducing urea and creatinine; with an average decrease of 17.0 and 0.71 mg/dL in repairing kidney cells with an average damage value of 1
Bioassay Guided Fractionation of Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) Monitored by Glucose Consumption Assay and Thin Layer Chromatography on Myoblast Cells
Full text linkCiplukan (Physalis angulata Linn.) has been used by the community as an anti-diabetic drug. The antidiabetic effect is due to ingredients such as unsaturated fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, steroids, triterpenoids, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. Part of the fruit of P. angulata contains many active substances of flavonoids with the proportion of fruit extract 300 μg/ml is 84%. Therefore the exploration for compounds responsible for antidiabetic activity in P. angulata needs to be done to ensure empirical evidence. The purpose of this study was to find the active fraction of P. angulata L. which has anti-hyperglycemic properties. This study used Myoblast cells as subjects and the Bioassay Guided Fractionation method for separating compound groups through three stages of the extraction, partitioning, and fractionation processes which were monitored using TLC and the Glucose Consumption Assay test. The results showed that the chloroform extract (CHCl3) was more active in lowering glucose levels compared to the methanol extract (MeOH) (4.86% vs -8.74%). MeOH insoluble extract was more active than MeOH soluble extract (5.14% vs -8.52). The fractionation results showed that Fraction I was the most active in lowering glucose levels compared to FII, III, and IV (26.47%; 13.18%; 0.15%; 13.76%). Therefore Fraction 1 which contains a class of flavonoid compounds is a potential candidate to be developed as an antidiabetic agent
Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Attenuates Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cigarette Smoke in Rats
Full text linkResearchers have connected the antioxidants in virgin coconut oil (VCO) to the growing health benefits; however, little is known about the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of VCO against oxidative stress and liver damage brought on by smoking cigarettes. The research examined the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of VCO against oxidative stress and liver damage. Male Wistar rats were split into 4 groups: Group 1 (the control group) was fed rat pellets; Group 2 (the control positive group) was fed the basic diet and exposed to cigarette smoke; Group 3 was fed the basic diet and 0,45 ml VCO; Group 4 was provided the basic diet and 0,9 ml VCO. Serum liver biomarker (SGPT and SGOT) assays were performed after 28 days of therapy. When compared to the control group, exposure to cigarette smoke caused a substantial increase in blood liver enzymes. Treatment with VCO significantly prevented an increase of SGPT and SGOT levels compared to control positive group P2. This study demonstrated that inhaling cigarette smoke damages the liver and established the hepatoprotective properties of VCO against cigarette smoke-induced liver damage via reducing oxidative stress
Cosmetic Serum Loaded Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) Extract: Formulation and Antioxidant Study
Full text linkArabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is a natural antioxidant that can be used in the prevention of skin aging. This study was conducted to determine the comparison of variations in the composition of HPMC, CMC-Na, and Carbomer in the optimum formula of arabica coffee serum, then to determine the physical properties of the preparation, as well as the IC50 value ofarabica coffee extract and arabica coffee serum in the DPPH test. Arabica coffee extract was obtained by maceration method using 70% ethanol. Determination of the optimum formula of arabica coffee serum using the Simplex Lattice Design method. The optimum formula of arabica coffee serum was evaluated for physical properties including organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, spreadability test, and adhesion test. The antioxidant activity of arabica coffee extract and the optimum formula of arabica coffee serum was tested using the DPPH method. Data analysis used SPSS One sample T-test statistics. The results showed that the composition variation of HPMC, CMC-Na, and Carbomer in the optimum formula of arabica coffee serum using the Simplex Lattice Design method was 0.1%:0.8%:0.1%. The resulting predicted values are a pH value of 4.88 and a spreadability value of 7.95 cm. The optimum formula of arabica coffee serum has the physical properties of the preparation, namely brown color, coffee aroma, light texture, a cool sensation when applied to the skin, homogeneous, has a spreadability of 7.93 cm, stickiness of 1 second, and pH value of 4.9. The IC50 value of arabica coffee extract and the optimum formula of arabica coffee serum are 8.13 ppm and 250 ppm. The results of the SPSS One sample T-test statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the prediction response and the results of the optimum formula evaluation
Analysis of Curcumin Contents in Curcuma xanthorrhiza using FTIR Spectroscopy and HPLC-UV in Combination with Multivariate Calibration
No full textCurcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. or Java Turmeric with the local name of Temulawak is one of herbal medicines used in Indonesia. This plant is believed to prevent some degenerative diseases due to its active compounds, especially curcumin (CUR) contained in Java Turmeric. Therefore, analysis of active components including CUR is very urgent. This study highlighted the development of FTIR spectroscopy coupled with PLSR for the determination of CUR in Java Turmeric powders. The levels of CUR in Java Turmeric powders were determined using HPLC with UV detectors, and the obtained results were used as actual values to be predicted using FTIR spectroscopy-multivariate calibrations. The results revealed that the levels of CUR ranged from 0.6741 ± 0.0705% (g/100 samples) to 2.1062 ± 0.0095%. PLSR modeling for the relationship between the actual value of CUR as determined using HPLC and calculated values as predicted using FTIR spectroscopy provide the value of R2 of 0.9990 with RMSEC of 0.0028. The developed method offers reliable results providing a green analytical method due to the use of minimum solvent and reagent and does not involve extensive sample preparation
Compound Molecules of Network Pharmacology-Based of Tamarillo (Cyphomandra betacea Cav.) and the Potential as Noodle for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment
Full text linkConsuming noodles excessively is not good for health because it contains high trans fat, which can cause diabetes mellitus (DM) as a disease with a high prevalence, especially type 2 DM, as much as 95% in Indonesia. Tamarillo (Chypomandra betacea Cav.) can potentially reduce blood glucose levels and restore adipokine regulation to prevent insulin resistance in type 2 DM. This study aims to determine the formulation and potential of tamarillo compounds into noodle products named "Chypotes (Chypomandra Antidiabetes) Noodle" as an alternative food for type 2 DM patients. The methods used are noodle formulation, organoleptic test, hedonic test, and network pharmacology. Based on the results of an organoleptic test, Chypotes Noodle has a chewy texture, a distinctive smell, yellow colour, and a slightly sour tasteless taste typical of Tamarillo. Based on the results of the hedonic test, 30 respondents chose the like and very like options in filling out the questionnaire with a percentage of 80-90%. Based on the Network Pharmacology of Tamarillo shows that 150 of the 365 target proteins of Tamarillo are involved in the biological processes and signaling pathways of type 2 diabetes mellitus, with 75 target proteins locking and interacting. Compound Molecules of Tamarillo, such as six bioactive components of the hydroxycinnamic acids group, have activity in type 2 DM and affect the biological processes and signaling pathways of type 2 DM against ADIPOQ, TNF, and INS. Therefore, Tamarillo can potentially be used as an alternative food product in the form of noodles for type 2 DM treatment
Eel Oil Attenuates Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury Through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in Rats
Full text linkHealth practitioners all over the world have studied liver injury caused by drug side effects. Excessive production of free radicals causes cell damage, which has implications for pathological conditions in both humans and animals. Omega-3 fatty acids are a component of fish that can work as hepatoprotective agents. Eel (Anguilla bicolor) is known to contain omega-3 including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of eel oil on rats via inhibiting oxidative stress. Methods: Acetaminophen-induced male Wistar rats were used as liver injury experimental models. Rats were divided into 5 groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control (silymarin, 100 mg/kg), and two groups of eel oil dose (2000 mg/kg and 4000 mg/kg). The study was conducted for 14 days. The levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, albumin, Malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels of the liver organ were measured. The data were analyzed using statistics and analysis of variance. Results: The study showed that eel fish oil can reduce SGPT and total bilirubin levels of male Wistar rats induced by acetaminophen. Eel oil at a dose of 4000 mg/kg could significantly reduce SGPT and liver bilirubin levels in male Wistar rats (p<0.05). Eel oil is effective in reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Conclusion: Eel oil has hepatoprotective activity by inhibiting SGPT, total bilirubin, MDA, and increasing GSH levels in rats
Antioxidant and Antiaging Potential of Salak Fruit Extract (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.)Voss)
Full text linkNatural skin aging is indicated by a loss of skin structure and integrity caused by external factors including UV exposure. This exposure causes oxidative stress on skin cells, initiates aging, and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) structure which is composed of many proteins, including collagen and elastin. ECM degradation is caused by the increased activity of proteolytic enzymes, one of which is elastase (closely related to wrinkling). To inhibit oxidative stress during the photoaging process, the skin needs antioxidant compounds. Salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.)Voss) is a fruit that is rich in antioxidants because it contains flavonoid, phenolic, and polyphenolic compounds, including chlorogenic acid. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the antioxidant activity and antiaging properties of salak fruit extract (SFE) as a candidate for active ingredients in the prevention of aging. To determine the antioxidant activity of SFE, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were performed, while elastase assays were performed to determine the anti-aging properties of SFE. The IC50 values for DPPH scavenging and FRAP activity of SFE were 107.52 μg/mL and 16.82 μg/mL with the highest activity at 68.79% and 97.96%, at concentrations of 200 and 50 μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the anti-aging properties determined through the elastase assay showed an IC50 value of 19.71 μg/mL with the highest inhibition 72.50% at a concentration of 66.67 μg/mL. SFE has the potential as an active ingredient in preventing aging through its antioxidant activity and anti-aging properties