Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Antibacterial Effectiveness Test of Potato Peel Ethanol Extract (Solanum tuberosum L.) against Lactobacillus acidophilus: An In Vitro Study
Get PDFLactobacillus acidophilus is one of the bacteria that play a major role in the caries process. It is recommended to use cavity cleanser to clean and disinfect caries cavities post-preparation. However, the currently used cavity cleansers, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and sodium hypochlorite, have limitations. Thus, exploring natural alternatives, like potato peel, as a cavity cleanser material is necessary. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the ethanol extract of potato peel (S. tuberosum L.) on the growth of L. acidophilus. The method used was true experimental laboratories with a post-test-only control group design and broth dilution. The samples were divided into 8 groups, including 6 treatment groups with varying concentrations of extract (100%; 50%; 25%; 12.5%; 6.25%; and 3.125%), positive control, and negative control. Each group was repeated 4 times. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by observing solution turbidity in the tubes which began to appear clear after 24 hours of incubation, while the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was determined by the absence of bacteria that grew on media after being given the test solution and incubated for 24 hours. The MIC of potato peel ethanol extract on the growth of L. acidophilus could not be determined, while the MBC was at a concentration of 50%. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that concentration levels had a significant difference in the average number of L. acidophilus colonies. The ethanol extract of potato peel (S. tuberosum L.) has antibacterial effectiveness against the growth of L. acidophilus
Combined Antidiabetic and Antidyslipidemic Activity of Ageratum conyzoides and Gynura procumbens in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
Get PDFUnhealthy lifestyle habits greatly increase the risks of various degenerative illnesses, for example, diabetes mellitus as well as dyslipidemia. Recent studies have shown that the pharmaceutical drugs used for the treatment of these conditions have undesirable side effects. This indicates that it is necessary to find more effective and safe alternative treatment options, particularly in medicinal plants, such as Ageratum conyzoides and Gynura procumbens. Therefore, this research examined the combined antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity of Ageratum conyzoides and Gynura procumbens extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The insulin sensitivity of the test animals was assessed at the beginning of the experiment using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) through the administration of 3 g/kgBW glucose. Pancreatic destruction was induced with the intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 150 mg/kgBW alloxan, and the rats were treated with ethanol extract for 14 days. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured using the enzymatic method. The results showed that the single extracts and their combination exhibited high antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity. This was indicated by a substantial reduction in fasting blood sugar, TG, TC, and LDL-C (p<0.05), and an insignificant increase in HDL-C. The activity of the combined extract was similar to the single extracts, but it was not better in decreasing TG levels. Based on these findings, 95% ethanol extract of Ageratum conyzoides, Gynura procumbens, and their combination exhibited high antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activity in alloxan-induced rats
Geographical Distribution, Chemical Constituents, and Activity Profile of Magnolia
Get PDFMany Asian countries use the bark of the Magnolia for medicinal purposes. Magnolia has many medical uses, including regulating GI motility, treating cough and asthma, preventing cardiovascular disease, and treating mental illness and brain disorders. To date, 118 magnolia species have been discovered. However, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has designated 231 species as vulnerable and critically endangered. Magnolia leaves yielded 20 isolated chemicals, including 16 lignans with 6 distinct structural types, such as honokiol, veraguensin, sitosterol, and magliflonenone. Magnolia species show pharmacological activities like Neuroprotective, anti-cancer, Anti-microbial, Antiplatelets, Anti-asthmatic, Gastrointestinal, and Hormone regulation. Magnolia bark extracts such as honokiol 2',6-di-(5-propenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diol, have been demonstrated to benefit health. In recent in vitro and preclinical research, honokiol was found to have anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-oxidative, and anti-cancer activities. Honokiol and magnolol prevented the thromboxane B2 synthesis in response to thrombin, arachidonic acid, and collagen. So, soon, if we cultivate and save the endangered magnolia species through biotechnological means, it will be a boon for mankind
Antioxidant Capacity from Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Kenikir (Cosmos Caudatus K)
Get PDFAntioxidant is an activity that inhibits oxidation reactions due to exposure to free radicals, the search for antioxidant compounds continues to be developed from natural sources. The purpose is to identify new sources of safe and inexpensive agents through antioxidant capacity from ethyl acetate fraction on kenikir leaves was evaluated through enzymatic and non-enzymatic in vitro models. The research began with the method of separating compounds from ethanol extracts and ethyl acetate fractions, quantification of total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant capacity tests with DPPH, and tyrosinase enzyme. The results of the study produced isolate E which was observed in a single stain with Rf 0,80. The compound has a typical marker worth 1734.07 cm-1 with an indication of stretching vibration movement on C-O. It has a maximum wavelength of ± 216 nm, with an abundance of 49.75% and a retention time of 27.20 minutes. TPC and TFC test results, the water fraction is the most dominant value with 0.430 mgGAE/g and 0.056 mQE/g. DPPH assay results, isolate E has an IC50 value of 162.03 ppm and a %inhibition of 12.73%. The tyrosinase inhibition test of L-DOPA substrate was resulting an IC50 value of 77.51 ppm compared to kojic acid of 16.48 ppm
Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Rice Bran Extract Cream from Two Varieties of White Rice
Get PDFRice bran extract contains high antioxidant compounds. Formulation and antioxidant activity testing of cream preparations containing rice bran extract has been carried out. This study aims to formulate and evaluate cream preparations containing bran extract from two varieties of white rice and their antioxidant activity. The white rice varieties used were the Kalpatali variety (FI) and the Rice 64 (FII) variety. There were three cream formulas, namely the basic formula (F0) and the formula containing rice bran extract with a concentration of 3.1% each (FI and FII). Evaluation of cream preparations included organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, washability, stability, irritation test, and antioxidant activity test. This study showed that FI has an antioxidant activity of 87.23% and FII has an antioxidant activity of 64.08%. Different varieties of rice show differences in antioxidant activity in cream preparations containing bran extract. The best formula is FI which has good physical properties and higher antioxidant activity compared to FII.
Antioxidant Activity of Tempeh Ethanolic Extract on Male Swiss Mouse Brain
Get PDFTempeh is an Indonesian food made of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by fermentation using Rhizopus spp mold. Soybean has a high content of protein, fatty acids, vitamins, and isoflavone glycosides. Isoflavone glycosides are poorly absorbed in the human intestine. Fermentation hydrolyzes isoflavone glycosides into isoflavone aglycones which are easily absorbed. Soybean has three main isoflavones, they are genistein, daidzein, and glycitein. They are good antioxidants and have estrogen-like activity. This research studies the antioxidant activity of tempeh ethanolic extract by determining the concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the brain tissue of male Swiss mice. All test substances were diluted in 0.5% CMC-Na solution and administered orally once daily for 12 days. The 0.5 mL of 15% ethanol solution (16.67 mL/kg BW) was administered 1 hour before the other substances. Tempeh ethanolic extract (500 mg/kg BW) as the main treatment. Donepezil-HCl (1 mg/kg BW) and genistein (2.55 mg/kg BW) were used as the positive control groups. The mouse brain SOD and GPx concentration were determined on the 13th day. Results showed a significant depletion of SOD and GPx concentration by ethanol administration. Compared to the control group, mice with tempeh ethanolic extract showed no significant change in the GPx concentration but a little decrease in SOD. The SOD in the group of tempeh ethanolic extract was significantly higher than in the group of donepezil-HCl and genistein. Briefly concluded that tempeh ethanolic extract has better antioxidant activity than donepezil-HCl and genistein
Effect of Drying Method on Levels of Antioxidant Activity, Total Flavonoid Levels, and Total Phenol Levels in Ethanol Extract of Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana) Leaves
Get PDFThe drying process can affect the content of seconder metabolites such as flavonoids and phenols in plants. The content of flavonoids and phenols plays an important role in the antioxidant activity of a plant. This study aims to determine the effect of drying methods using sunlight and oven on antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and total phenols. Measurement of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method with vitamin C as a standard, total flavonoid levels using quercetin as a standard, and total phenol using gallic acid as a standard were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of antioxidant activity (IC50)by sun drying and oven respectively were 123 ppm and 152 ppm, total flavonoid content by sun drying and oven respectively were 22.5% and 20.698%, and total phenol content by sun drying and oven respectively amounted to 37.35% and 36.648%. The conclusion is that the sun-drying method has antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, and total phenol levels which are greater than the oven-drying method
Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Notika Leaves (Archboldiodendron calosericeum (kobuski)) on Liver Function in Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Mice
Get PDFNotika leaves are traditional medicinal plants used as antimalarial medications by the Papuans. Notika leaf is an endemic plant with many benefits but has not been scientifically proven. Plasmodium falciparum is a species of malaria that damages up to 50% of red blood cells, and its schizogony process mainly occurs in the liver. This study aims to confirm the activity of the ethanolic extract of notika leaf in improving liver function by using an experimental pre and post-test-only control group design with five treatment groups of Wistar strain mice. The normal group was treated with 0.5% NaCMC, the negative group was treated with 0.5% NaCMC and Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4), and the third, fourth, and fifth groups received extract with doses of 125 mg/kgBW, 250 mg/kgBW, and 500 mg/kgBW, respectively. The extract was administered for seven days and, on the eighth day, was induced with CCl4 intraperitoneally. The SGOT and SGPT levels in mice were measured using a 5010v5+ photometer, and liver histopathology was examined using HE (Hematoxylin-Eosin) dye. The SGPT levels in the normal, negative, third, fourth, and fifth groups were 20.6 U/L, 52.08 U/L, 32.8 U/L, 19.8 U/L, and 7.8 U/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the SGOT levels were 18 U/L, 54.2 U/L, 28.2 U/L, 17.8 U/L, and 7.4 U/L in the normal, negative, third, fourth, and fifth groups, respectively. Based on ANOVA analysis, the SGPT and SGOT levels of the mice liver-treated group with notika leaf extract show significant values of < 0.05. The extract exhibits hepatoprotective activity and liver histological characteristics that do not induce necrosis at a dose of 500 mg/kgBW
The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Pandanus tectorius Leaves on Spatial Memory Ability and GCMS Analysis of Potentially Therapeutic Compounds
Get PDFFree radicals are known to damage the hippocampus and will decrease spatial memory. This condition will decrease cognitive function. This study focused on discovering the ability of the ethanolic extract of Pandanus tectorius leaves (EEPTL) to increase spatial memory and its active compounds using GC-MS. This study used twenty-five male mice (Mus musculus) divided into five groups. Three groups were given EEPTL orally using 100, 200, and 300mg/kg BW doses; one negative control (ethanol 10%) and one positive control (donepezil 0.65mg/kg BW). Each group was induced using ethanol 10% for three weeks (0.5mL/day) and tested for spatial memory using the Y-maze method. The result showed that EEPTL significantly increases mice's spatial memory ability (P<0.005). The most effective EEPTL dose is 300 mg/kg BW. GC-MS results showed that some active compounds in EEPTL are palmitic acid, stearic acid, coumarin, and 3-benzoyl-4-phenyl-ethyl linoleic. These results indicate that EEPTL increases spatial memory and contain several fatty acids, volatile oil, and phenols
In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of Dragon Fruit Peels Methanolic Extract
Get PDFDiarrhea is a global major health problem reported by 2.5 billion cases annually. Diarrhea accounts for 9% of child death worldwide or the second leading cause of death among toddlers. Many local people have used traditional medicine for diarrhea therapy. Dragon fruit is a herbal plant with high vitamins and various nutritious compounds. Therefore, this study determined antidiarrheal activity from dragon fruit peel methanolic extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus). This study was experimental with in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro model used disc diffusion and microdilution assay against the diarrhea-causing pathogen (Escherichia coli). Meanwhile, the in vivo model used male Wistar rats induced by Castro oil. This study showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC) of dragon fruit peel extract against Escherichia coli were 50 and 100 mg/ml, respectively. The increased dose of dragon fruit peel methanol extract has increased the antidiarrheal index. The highest and lowest antidiarrheal index was found in the dragon fruit methanol extract-3 (76.56%) and dragon fruit methanol extract-1 (43.28%). The dragon fruit peel methanol extract can be proposed as antidiarrhea and antibacterial therapy against the diarrhea-causing pathogen