Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Mauli Banana Stem Gel: A Potential Material for Dentin Remineralization Analyzed Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Full text linkDental caries requires remineralizing agents to restore the dentin. Mauli banana stem gel is predicted to be an alternative material for mineral deposition during the remineralization process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) can analyze substances that indicate dentin remineralization. This study aimed to conduct an FTIR analysis of Mauli banana stem gel as a potential substitute material for dentin remineralization. The study utilized dentin slices obtained from the first premolars of the maxilla, which were demineralized using EDTA. Subsequently, the dentin slices were treated with CPP-ACP, 50% MBSG, 62,5% MBSG, and artificial saliva. A test tube containing 15 ml of artificial saliva was placed inside the smeared material, which was applied twice a day. It was left for three minutes and then rinsed with deionized water before being incubated at 37 °C. Basting was carried out for 21 days, and FTIR observations were performed. The major absorbance peaks detected were O-H and N-H stretch; C-H stretch; SCN stretch; Amide I; CO32-(v3) and collagen; Amide II; CH2 scissoring; C-H deformation; C-H stretching; Amide III; and PO43-(V3). MBSG demonstrated superior retention of dentin collagen compared to the control group, but it could not maintain the mineral content level on day 21. MBSG demonstrated a decrease in crystallinity due to a rise in carbonate content in the hydroxyapatite lattice. The study's findings indicate that MBSG remains unsuitable for dentin remineralization. Additional additives are necessary to enhance the levels of collagen and minerals in remineralized dentin
In vivo Wound Healing Activity of Tamanu Oil (Calophyllum inophyllum l.) Extracted by Cold-Pressed and Hot-Pressed Methods and Their Fatty Acids Composition
No full textTamanu oil is a promising natural wound healer due to its chemical compounds, particularly fatty acids. Cold-pressed or hot-pressed methods are commonly used to obtain this oil from Calophyllum seed. However, there needs to be research documenting the impact of these two extraction methods on the fatty acid profile and wound healing activity. Therefore, the study aims to characterize the fatty acid profiles of cold-pressed and hot-pressed tamanu oils using Gas Chromatography and evaluate their wound healing activity in vivo. The fatty acid profiles were analyzed using GC, and the wound healing tests were conducted on animal subjects divided into four groups: negative control, positive control (Bioplacenton®), cold-pressed tamanu oil, and hot-pressed tamanu oil. Cold-pressed tamanu oil showed superior fatty acid characteristics with an acid value of 38,71 Mg KOH/g fat and a peroxide value of 3,0095 mEq O2/kg, indicating that oil is stable against oxidation. The length of the wound was observed daily for up to 8 days to assess its effect. The parameters observed were the percentage of wound healing and the total AUC based on the average length of the wound. Cold-pressed tamanu oil demonstrated the highest wound healing efficacy compared to both the positive control and hot-pressed tamanu oils. Both cold (11,67± 0,78) and hot-pressed tamanu oil (11,87 ± 0,61) exhibited significant differences in AUC value compared to the negative control group (13,07 ± 0,38), highlighting the potential of tamanu oil as a wound healing agent
Activity Test of Cassia alata L. Leaf Extract on Kidney Histopathology Damage Score of Diabetes Mellitus Model
Full text linkDiabetic nephropathy is a disease experienced by diabetic patients. In this disease, damage to the glomerulus occurs. The administration of antidiabetic drugs tends to cause unwanted side effects, so there is a need for alternative treatment from herbs, one of which is Cassia alata L. Cassia alata L. leaves have chemical content such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. Flavonoids reduce blood glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion and mimetic agents, tannins slow carbohydrate digestion and saponins repair pancreatic beta cells and increase glycogen in the liver. This study aims to determine the effect of Cassia alata L. ethanol on the histopathology damage score of male white rat kidney (Rattus norvegicus) induced by streptozotocin. The test animals used were 30 male white rats divided into six treatment groups, each group consisting of five male white rats, namely the normal control group, negative control group, positive control group, treatment group with doses of 500 mg/kg BW, 600 mg/kg BW, and 700 mg/kg BW. The parameters evaluated were kidney tissue damage score and histopathology image analysis. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Cassia alata L. leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The ethanol extract of Cassia alata L. leaves in doses of 500 mg/kg BW, 600 mg/kg BW and 700 mg/kg BW has the activity of reducing the score of kidney tissue damage in male white rats and a dose of 700 mg/kg BW is the best dose in reducing the score of kidney tissue damage in diabetes mellitus models with a score of 2
Assessment of Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effect of Acioa barteri Extract (ABE) in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Full text linkThis study aimed to investigate the effects of Acioa barteri extract (ABE) on hepatocellular enzyme activity, hepatic function, and antioxidant stress indices in diabetic rats induced with alloxan. The antidiabetic effect of ABE was evaluated in six experimental groups: normal controls, diabetics untreated, diabetics treated with 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg, or 800 mg/kg ABE, and diabetics treated with 3 mg/kg Glibenclamide. ABE was orally administered to induce diabetes, and alloxan-monohydrate was intraperitoneally administered. Diabetic untreated rats exhibited significantly elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate, and alanine transaminase activities, as well as higher concentrations of total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin, and malondialdehyde. They also showed decreased levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, and protein-bound iodine, along with reduced antioxidant enzyme activity. In contrast, diabetic rats administered ABE demonstrated reduced hepatocellular enzyme activity and improved hepatic function. These rats exhibited increased levels of total protein, globulin, and albumin, as well as higher levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities, compared to diabetic untreated rats. The findings suggest that ABE may help prevent oxidative stress and improve hepatic functions in diabetic rats. ABE treatment led to decreased hepatocellular enzyme activity and improved hepatic function, along with increased antioxidant enzyme activities. These results highlight the potential of ABE as a therapeutic option for diabetes-induced liver dysfunction. Further research is warranted to explore its mechanisms of action and potential clinical applications
Clinical Trial of Bawang Dayak Leaves Capsules (Eleutherine americana) in Active Smokers
Full text linkSmoking is an unhealthy behavior, particularly for the respiratory system's health due to the free radicals found in cigarette smoke. Eleutherine americana or Bawang Dayak has antioxidant properties which can neutralize the harmful free radicals penetrating the body. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the stress oxidative biomarkers often applied to identify reactive stress. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Malondialdehyde on active smokers who consumed Bawang Dayak Leaves capsules. This study was a pre and post-test design involving 30 smokers who met the inclusion. The participants consumed 1 capsule containing 400 mg Bawang Dayak leaves extract for 7 days. The subject's blood was taken before and after the consumption of the capsules for MDA examination. The results of this study were that the MDA level between before and after Bawang Dayak capsules consumed statistically significant. Moreover, MDA pre and post-test level respectively were 12.074 nmol/ml and 11.869 nmol/ml. The usage of Bawang Dayak leaves capsules for a week can reduce MDA levels and likely has an antioxidant potential for active smokers
Antioxidant and Anti-Breast Cancer from Uncaria gambir Roxb Leaves: In Silico & In Vitro Study
Full text linkUncaria gambir Roxb (URG) is one of the plants from West Kalimantan predicted to contain antioxidant and anti-breast cancer. This study aims to test the antioxidant and anti-breast cancer potential. UGR leaves were extracted by infusion method using water for 15 minutes with 4 repetitions at a temperature 70oC. A thick extract of 96.2351 grams (29.979%) was obtained from a sample weight of 321 grams of dried UGR leaves. In vitro antioxidant assay of the extract was investigated using 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with positive control using quercetin and ascorbic acid, and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. In silico screening showed that the biological agents in UGR had the potential as TP53 expression enhancer, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, chemopreventive, and free radical scavenger. The antioxidant bioassay results showed IC50 values of 81.21 μg/mL, 73.39 μg/mL, and 9.17 μg/mL in DPPH for extract samples with positive control quercetin, sample extracts with positive control Vitamin C and Vitamin C with positive control quercetin, respectively. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of extract samples with the FRAP method showed value of 66,05 μg/mL. Anticancer bioassay result showed that UGR leaves extract with water solvent had the stron potentgial to inhibit 4T1 cells with IC50 87.72 μg/mL
Scoping Review: Study of Herbs Consumption for Self-Medication in Indonesia 2019-2022
Full text linkIndonesia is a country that has high biodiversity and is rich in traditional medicine from natural ingredients or herbs. One use of these natural ingredients is as a treatment for self-medication. Many previous studies have been carried out but none has reviewed it systematically, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was carried out systematically using the PRISMA statement approach using the Google Scholar data bank. Out of 2,214 papers in the 2019-2022 period, 45 articles/scientific papers papers met the criteria, including inclusion and exclusion criteria, for a description/profile of the use of natural ingredients or herbs as self-medication for traditional medicine. The central region of Java (D.I.Y Yogyakarta and Central Java) is the region with the largest number of articles. The distinctiveness of Indonesia's approach to self-medication lies in its utilization of various natural elements to address similar ailments, which can be attributed to geographical factors, cultural beliefs, and diverse knowledge across different regions. Meanwhile, Covid-related studies were very limited due to the availability or the preference for chemical self-medication
Synergism of Anti-Malarial Effect of Carica papaya L. and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts in Mice
Full text linkMalaria parasites, Plasmodium spp, can develop resistance to anti-malarial drugs. Hence, potential alternative therapeutic agents should be explored. This research aimed to investigate the anti-malarial effect of a combination of Carica papaya and Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Peter’s test performed on Balb/c mice to investigate the malarial parasite growth inhibition. Mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei by intraperitoneal injection to provoke rodent malaria. After infection, we grouped every 5-6 mice into different treatment groups, including a negative control group, a positive control group treated with artesunate, a moringa group, a papaya group, and a combination therapy group. Treatments were initiated 3 hours after infection (day 0) and continued every day until day 3. On day 4, we examined a thin smear of the tail vein blood for parasitemia to calculate the suppression rate. The result shows that the parasite suppression rate of C. papaya leaf extract (CPLE) is 15.02 % (percent parasitemia 4.56±1.96), the suppression rate of M. oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) is 17.32% (percent parasitemia 4.44±1.78) and that of the combination extract (CE) is 28.73% (percent parasitemia 3.82±1.48). In conclusion, there is a synergism of the anti-malarial effect of the combined leaf extract of C. papaya and M. oleifera
Formulation and Sunscreen Activity Test of Lotion of Buas-Buas (Premna Serratifolia Linn.) Leaf Extract
Full text linkExcessive UV exposure can cause various skin disorders, so protection from UV rays is needed by using sunscreen. One of the plants that have the potential as a sunscreen is buas-buas leaf (Premna serratifolia Linn.) which contains flavonoid compounds. Sunscreen formulated in lotion form is the most common preparation found in the market. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical characteristics of lotion preparations and to determine the potential of lotion of buas-buas leaf extract as a sunscreen. Buas-buas leaf extract was obtained through maceration extraction with 96% ethanol solvent. Lotion with the active substance of buas-buas leaf extract was made with concentration variations of 1, 2, and 3%. Evaluation of the physical characteristics of the lotion was tested with organoleptic observation parameters, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion. Then, it was tested for sunscreen potential using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed with SPSS Statistics 22 software, namely the One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test. The results of the study were the three lotion formulas of buas-buas leaf extract met all the requirements of the physical characteristics evaluation test. The SPF value of F1 (1%) is 7.12 (extra protection), F2 (2%) is 9.54 (maximum protection) and F3 (3%) is 15.68 (ultra protection). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the lotion of buas-buas leaf extract meets the requirements of evaluating the physical characteristics of lotions and has activity as a sunscreen
Cytotoxic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Piper aduncum L. on T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line using the MTT Method
Full text linkCancer treatment is known to cause side effects ranging from mild to severe, which can also affect the quality of the patient's health. Natural ingredients are an alternative source of cytotoxic substances with good anticancer activity and minimum side effects. Sirih hutan (Piper aduncum L.), also known as spiked pepper, is a medicinal plant with potential cytotoxic activity. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of P. aduncum L. leaves with the Microculture Tetrazolium Test method. Phytochemical screening showed that P. aduncum L. contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, phenol, and steroid/terpenoid compounds. The cytotoxic activity test was carried out on T47D cells with a concentration of 100 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 1 µg/mL, and 0.1 µg/mL test solution. The obtained IC50 value of the ethanol extract of P. aduncum L. was 171.2 µg/mL, belonging to the moderate toxic category. From this study, it is concluded that P. aduncum L holds potential as an anticancer agent