Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Capsule Formulation of Ethanolic Extract of Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma Longifolia Jack.,) and its Effect on Human Health Vital Signs
Get PDFPasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia) has the potential to be developed as antihypertensive, antipyretic, aphrodisiacs and health supplements. The use of E. longifolia as a traditional medicine needs to be pursued in the form of more effective and appropriate formulation. The capsule preparations are easy to make and cancover the bitter taste of E. longifolia. Clinical trials in this study use design pre-post treatment in healthy humans. Subjects used were male - healthy men and healthy women who met inclusion criteria and were subjected with formulated capsule for 14 days. The study resulted capsule formula comprising of the ethanolic extract of E. longifolia 300 mg, vivapur 101 300 mg, 58 mg maydis starch, aerosil 3%, talc 2%, and Mg stearate 1%. The results showed that the capsule of E. longifolia did not affect the value of heart rate, respiration rate, body temperature and weight (P > 0.05), based on paired t-test, but they causes a decrease in blood pressure of healthy human. The ethanol extract of E. longifolia caused vasodilation of blood vessels that can be used in antihypertensive therapy
The Correlation of Pemogan Community Knowledge about Usada Taru Pramana with the Behaviour of Utilization and Conservation of Herbal Medicine
Get PDFUsada Taru Pramana is a record of hundreds medicinal plants. Researcher is interested to know the knowledge level of Pemogan Villager about Usada Taru Pramana and its influence on the utilization behavior and conservation of herbal medicine. Data were collected using a valid and reliable structured questionnaire with a cross-sectional survey design. According to Spearman's test result from total 150 samples, Pemogan Villager knowledge about Usada Taru Pramana is not correlated with the utilization behavior and conservation of herbal medicine (P value=0,280 and r=0,089). There were no significant differences between the both variables with respondents' education level, age and gender. The results showed that the factor which influenced the studied variables is very complex. There were "aja wera" belief in Balinese society, which means that the general public is prohibited from learning directly from the Lontar. Pemogan Villager also hampered by the scarcity of land and medicinal plants around them
Antibacterial Compound Identification of Cayenne Pepper Leaf Extract (Capsicum frutescens L.) against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Cell Leakage Mechanism
Get PDFPneumonia is an acute inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma that can be caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study aims to determine the active fraction of cayenne pepper leaves on the growth of K. pneumoniae. Cayenne pepper leaf which previously defatted using n-hexane was macerated with 95% ethanol, then fractionated successively with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Ethanol extract and each fraction with concentration of 40% were tested for their antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae using disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). 1% amoxicillin was used as positive control and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as negative control. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the most active fraction was then determined. Determination of antibacterial compound in the most active fraction was carried out by TLC-bioautography and followed by Gass Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry. Cell leakage analysis was performed using UV spectrophotometry to detect the release of protein and nucleic acid, as well as Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used to detect ion release of K+ and Ca2+. The results showed that the most active fraction against K. pneumoniae was the ethyl acetate fraction with MIC value of 10% and inhibition zone of 7.25±0.25 mm. TLC-Bioautography of ethyl acetate fraction with eluen n-hexane: ethyl acetate (6:4) obtained an active stain at Rf 0.12. Compounds having 94% similarity with 1-propanol, 2-amino was predicted as the active compound
ISOLASI DARI 8-HIDROKSI-6,7-DIMETHOKSI KUMARIN DAN TOKSISITAS BATANG JARAK TINTIR (Jatropha multifida L.) MENGGUNAKAN BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT)
Get PDFJatropha multifida L. (jarak tintir) was a shrub, annual, and had ± 2 m high. Empirically jarak tintir sap was used as traditional medicine by Indonesian people for a long time. Only limited studies were conducted regarding its chemical compound. It was reported that multifidone (diterpenoid compound from the stem) had an activity against cancer cells in vitro. This study aimed to test the toxicity of various extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) of Jatropha multifida L. stem. A Fraxidin (8-hidroxy-6,7-dimethoxy coumarin) has been isolated from ethyl acetate fraction based on highest cytotoxic with LC50 value 3.69 µg/mL. The isolated compound was elucidated to gain chemical structure base on spectroscopic data (UV-Vis Spectrofotometric, IR Spectrofotometric, and NMR). Toxicity of fraxidin was tested on BSLT and showed no potential activity with LC50 value > 500 μg/mL.Jatropha multifida L. (jarak tintir) adalah semak yang memiliki tinggi ± 2 m. Secara empiris getah Jarak tintir digunakan sebagai obat tradisional oleh penduduk Indonesia sejak lama. Penelitian yang dilakukan tentang senyawa kimia Jarak tintir masih terbatas. Menurut penelitian, multifidone (senyawa diterpenoid dari batang Jarak tintir) memiliki aktivitas terhadap sel kanker in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas berbagai macam ekstrak (n-hexane, etil asetat, dan metanol) dari batang Jatropha multifida L. dengan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Sebuah Fraksidin (8-hidroksi-6,7-dimetoksi kumarin) telah diisolasi dari fraksi etil asetat berdasarkan sitotoksik tertinggi dengan nilai LC50 3.69 µg/mL. Senyawa yang diisolasi diuraikan untuk mendapatkan basis struktur kimia pada data spektroskopik (UV-Vis Spektrofotometrik, IR Spektrofotometrik, dan NMR). Toksisitas fraksidin diuji dengan BSLT dan tidak menunjukkan potensi aktivitas dengan nilai LC50 > 500 μg/mL
SKRINING AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN, ANTIAGING DAN PENGHAMBATAN TYROSINASE DARI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK DAN ETIL ASETAT DAGING BUAH DAN KULIT BUAH LANGSAT (Lansium domesticum Corr) SECARA IN VITRO
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the bioactivity of L.domesticum as cosmetic ingredient. The extraction was prepared by maceration with ethanol 96 % and ethyl acetate to obtain ethanolic extract of fruit flesh (BLE), ethanolic extract of fruit peel (KLE), ethyl acetate extract of fruit flesh (KLE) and fruit peel (KLEA). Then, determination of compounds was conducted by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and analysed of total phenolic and flavonoid content with colorimetric method. The antioxidant capacity was measured using radical scavenging assay of 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching assay (BCB) and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). The inhibitory effect of skin degradation enzymes (anti-aging) was carried out using elastase and collagenase assay. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect was determined using mushroom tyrosinase. Based on TLC result, extract of L.domesticum containing phenolic, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids compounds. The largest of total flavonoid content was obtained in KLE (4,76±0,26 %b/b EQ) and phenolic total content in BLEA (6,4±0,15 %b/b EG). Sequence of antioxidant activity measured using DPPH method was BLEA> KLE> BLE> KLEA; while using BCB method and FRAP method were respectively KLEA>BLEA> KLE> BLE; and BLEA> KLE> BLE> KLEA. KLE and KLEA extracts showed the most potent to remaining activity of the enzyme elastase and collagenase. In addition, BLE extract has the higest tyrosinase inhibition than others. Based on these results it can be concluded that the extracts of the fruit flesh and fruit peel of L. domesticum can be used as a cosmetic active ingredient for anti-aging and anti-tyrosinase.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan bioaktivitas dari daging buah dan kulit buah L.domesticum sebagai bahan aktif kosmetik. Proses penyiapan ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96 % dan etil asetat, sehingga diperoleh ekstrak etanolik daging buah (BLE), ekstrak etanolik kulit buah (KLE), ektrak etil asetat daging buah (BLEA) dan ekstrak etil asetat kulit buah (KLEA). Selanjutnya ditentukan golongan senyawa dengan kromatografi lapis tipis dan penentuan kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid total dengan metode kolorimetri. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan pengujian peredaman radikal 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching (BCB) dan Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Efek penghambatan enzim pendegradasi kulit (antiaging) dilakukan dengan mengukur penghambatan enzim elastase dan kolagenase. Efek penghambatan tyrosinase juga diukur menggunakan mushroom tyrosinase. Berdasarkan profil kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), menunjukkan bahwa daging buah dan kulit buah Lansat mengandung senyawa golongan fenolik, flavonoid, terpenoid dan steroid. Kandungan flavonoid total terbesar terdapat pada KLE (4,76±0,26 %b/b Ekuivalen Kuersetin atau EK) dan kandungan fenolik total terbesar terdapat pada BLEA (6,4±0,15 %b/b Ekuivalen Asam Galat atau EAG). Hasil aktivitas antioksidan pada masing-masing ekstrak dengan menggunakan DPPH: BLEA>KLE>BLE>KLEA; BCB: KLEA>BLEA>KLE>BLE; dan FRAP: BLEA>KLE> BLE>KLEA. KLE dan KLEA memberikan hasil yang baik dalam menurunkan aktivitas dari enzim elastase dan enzim kolagenase. Selain itu, pengujian anti tyrosinase menunjukkan bahwa BLE memiliki aktivitas anti-tyrosinase terbaik dibanding ekstrak lainnya. Berdasarkan dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak buah dan kulit buah langsat memiliki potensi sebagai bahan aktif kosmetik untuk anti aging dan anti tyrosinase
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Camellia sinensis, l. Extract Cream Combined with Vitamin C as Antioxidant on Croton Oil-induced Inflamation in Male Mice Strain BALB/C
Get PDFGreen tea extract cream contains epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as the active ingredient for anti-inflammatory. Epigallocatechin gallate is easyly oxidized and able to reduce its effectivity as an anti-inflammatory. Therefore, an addition of antioxidants in order to increase its stability is required. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding the antioxidant Vitamin C on the effectivity of green tea extract as an anti-inflammatory. This study uses 6 groups of male mice strain BALB/C which were given treatment as follows: normal control, negative control, base cream, green tea extract (0.2%), Vitamin C cream (1%) and green tea extract cream with addition of Vitamin C. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated based on the expression of COX-2, inflammatory cells and the thickness of the epidermis in the skin tissue of mice after given crotton oil (0.1%) on the back for the induction of inflammation. After treatment cream for 3 days, mice were sacrificed for histopathological tissue preparations made with hematoxylin eosin staining and immunohistochemistry COX-2. Data were analyzed statistically with one way Anova followed by t-test to determine differences between groups at a significance level of 0.05. The test results indicate that cream of green tea extract is higher in decreasing inflammatory parameters in comparison with cream of Vitamin C, except in the thickness of epidermal parameter. Green tea extract cream with the addition of Vitamin C is higher in reducing inflammatory parameters than cream of green tea extract or cream of Vitamin C. The decline percentage of cells that express COX-2, inflammatory cells and the thickness of the epidermis in the each of groups were cream of green tea extract:57.95%;53.75%;34.83%, cream of Vitamin C:48.76%;34.96%;34.27%, cream of green tea extract and Vitamin C:61,89%;65,54%;46.30%, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that anti-inflammatory activity of green tea extract cream increased due to the addition of 1% vitamin C as an antioxidant
Effect of Diabetes Condition on Topical Treatment of Binahong Leaf Fraction in Wound Healing Process
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which is becoming the first number of health problem in Indonesia, based on the results of the Basic Health Research of Ministry of Health in 2013. One of the diabetes complications affected by high levels of blood glucose is diabetic ulcers wich 85% the number of cases was overed by amputation as the result of improper handling. Herbal treatments could be an alternative treatment of diabetic ulcers, one of them is binahong plant. The results of previous studies have shown the ability of ethanolic extract of binahong leaf in accelerating wound healing in diabetic rats. This study would be a continued study to test five kinds of binahong leaf fractions (FDB) with gradual solvent polarity in accelerating wound healing in diabetic ulcer. Wound healing parameters observed were percentage of wound healing from the wound diameter contraction. The test begins with ethanolic extract of binahong leaf fractionation to produce fractions of hexane (FHDB), chloroform (FKDB), ethyl acetate (FEADB), and ethanol (FEDB). Water fraction (FADB) was obtained from ethanolic leaf extract residues of binahong leaf extraction. Each fraction activity was tested topically twice daily on dorsal of test animals that created wounds using a punch biopsy 5 mm diameters. Grouping of test animals were divided into 13 groups with normal control group (non diabetes), negative control (diabetes + topical application of biocream®), positive control (diabetes + topical application of madecassol), and 10 diabetes groups with topical application of 5 kinds of binahong leaf fractions with each fractions consist of a concentrations of 5% and 10% with biocream® as a vehicle. Diabetic parameters measured include blood glucose levels (KGD) and weight lost percentage (PB%) in day 1 and 10 during a 10-day treatment. The results showed the influence of KGD in the condition of diabetes on wound healing rats diabetic ulcers which topically treated with binahong leaf fractions. FADB 10% has significant differences potention in wound healing process in diabetic rats macroscopically that accelerates wound contraction compared with negative and positive control groups (p<0,05)
AKTIVITAS PENGHAMBATAN α-GLUCOSIDASE OLEH KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOLIK BUAH Phaleria macrocarpa (SCHEFF.) BOERL. DAN DAUN Annona muricata LINN.
Get PDFAntidiabetic activities of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits and Annona muricata leaves through α-glucosidase inhibition have been reported. Each extract of the two medicinal plants showed weak α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The effect of synergies is expected from combining the two extracts. The purpose of this research was to investigate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the combination of ethanolic extract of P. macrocarpa fruits and A. muricata leaves and to confirm the presence of different chemical constituents of the most active individual and extracts combination by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Extracts were obtained by maceration method using 96% ethanol. Various concentration of extracts combination was analyzed based on IC50 of the enzyme inhibition of each individual extract. The result showed that α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of each extracts was concentration dependent, with IC50 values of individual extracts of P. macrocarpa fruits and A. muricata leaves were 261.34 and 428.79 μg/mL, respectively. However, the extracts combination with the highest inhibition activity (84.51±0.79%) was obtained at its IC50 of P. macrocarpa fruits and two-third IC50 concentration of A. muricata leaves. The TLC profile of the most active extract combination showed a phytochemical constituent that is also detected in the profile of each individual extract. This can be assumed as a synergistic effect due to increased phytochemical contents of the combined extract.Buah Phaleria macrocarpa dan daun Annona muricata telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes dengan menginhibisi aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase. Masing-masing tanaman herbal tersebut menunjukkan aktivitas inhibisi yang rendah terhadap enzim α-glukosidase. Kombinasi dua tanaman ini diharapkan dapat memberikan efek sinergis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase gabungan ekstrak etanol buah P. macrocarpa dan daun A. muricata dan mengidentifikasi profil kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) masing-masing buah P. macrocarpa, daun A. Muricata dan gabungan ekstrak yang memiliki aktivitas terbaik. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan teknik maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Kombinasi ekstrak gabungan diformulasi berdasarkan nilai IC50 dari masing-masing ekstrak. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas inhibisi bergantung pada konsentrasi, dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing ekstrak buah P. macrocarpa dan daun A. Muricata secara berturut-turut adalah 261.343 dan 428.790 µg/mL. Gabungan ekstrak yang memiliki aktivitas inhibisi tertinggi (84.52±0.79%) terdiri dari gabungan ekstrak buah mahkota dewa pada konsentrasi IC50 dan ekstrak daun sirsak pada konsentrasi 2/3 IC50. Berdasarkan profil KLT, terdeteksi adanya senyawa bioaktif pada ekstrak gabungan yang memiliki aktivitas paling baik, yang mana senyawa tersebut juga terdeteksi pada masing-masing ekstrak. Hal ini dapat diasumsikan bahwa dengan meningkatnya kandungan senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung dalam gabungan ekstrak dapat dihasilkan suatu efek sinergis
KONSTRUKSI STRUKTUR TIGA DIMENSI FITOESTROGEN HASIL KONVERSI DARI SMILES STRING REPRESENTATIONS UNTUK SIMULASI PENAMBATAN MOLEKULER MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE PLANTS
Get PDFPhytoestrogens have some important biological effects and could be employed as medicinal resources, for example as cancer chemopreventive agents. Phytoestrogen is defined as a phytochemical that has estrogenic or anti estrogenic effects. However, there is no database providing comprehensive list of phytoestrogen structures. In computer-aided drug discovery, the database is required to perform virtual screening for retrospective validation and structure-based drug design. The research presented in this article attempted to collect a comprehensive list of phytoestrogen structures. Subsequently, the structures were prepared in their three dimensional structures using SPORES1.3 for molecular docking simulations using PLANTS1.2. The ready-to-dock structures were then stored online as phytoestrogens.zip and could be downloaded from http://molmod.org/phytoestrogens.zip. This database contains 30 ready-to-dock unique phytoestrogens with total of 53 different configurations.Fitoestrogen merupakan senyawa memiliki aktivitas biologis penting bahkan seringkali berpotensi sebagai agen kemoprevensi kanker. Fitoestrogen didefinisikan sebagai senyawa-senyawa alami dari tanaman yang memiliki efek estrogenik atau anti estrogenik. Meskipun demikian, sejauh ini belum ditemui basis data yang menyediakan struktur-struktur fitoestrogen secara komprehensif. Hal ini dapat menghambat penemuan obat berbantukan komputer ketika ketersediaan basis data sangat penting untuk melakukan penapisan virtual guna validasi retrospektif atau perancangan obat berbasis struktur. Penelitian yang disampaikan di artikel ini mencoba mengumpulkan struktur-struktur fitoestrogen secara komprehensif dan melakukan preparasi untuk membuat struktur-struktur tersebut dalam bentuk tiga dimensi dengan aplikasi SPORES1.3 dan siap menjadi berkas masukan untuk simulasi penambatan molekuler PLANTS1.2. Struktur-struktur siap ditambatkan tersebut kemudian disimpan dalam jaringan sebagai phytoestrogens.zip dan bisa diunduh di http://molmod.org/phytoestrogens.zip. Database ini memuat 30 struktur fitoestrogen dengan total 53 konfigurasi yang berbeda yang siap menjadi input simulasi penambatan molekuler
UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL KELOPAK ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) PADA TIKUS Sprague Dawley
Get PDFRoselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) was used as a traditional medicine because it has antioxidant activity. Traditional medicine used to treat a disease should consider the safety aspects through the toxicity tests. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract from the calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepar histopathology in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Acute toxicity tests was done by orall administration of single dose ethanolic extract at dose 40, 200, 1000 and 5000 mg/kg BB. The test was observed during 14 days post treatment. The activity of AST, ALT and ALP were measured by specthrophotometer UV-Vis Diasys® method. The results showed that LD50 of ethanolic extract of calyx roselle was found at 850,90 mg/kg BW, the activity of AST, ALT, ALP did not different significantly in the treatment to be and control group (p <0.05) and histopathological data found structural change and tissue in hepar. Tthe delayed toxic effects until day 14 was also not found. These research found that ethanolic extract of calyx roselle was toxic SDrats.Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) digunakan sebagai obat tradisional karena memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Obat tradisional digunakan untuk terapi penyakit harus memperhatikan aspek keamanan dengan dilakukan uji toksisitas agar tidak menimbulkan efek toksik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas akut ekstrak etanol kelopak rosella aktivitas aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dan histopatologi organ hepar pada tikus Sprague Dawley (SD). Uji toksisitas akut dilakukan dengan pemberian sekali dosis ekstrak etanol kelopak rosella secara oral dalam dosis 40, 200, 1000 dan 5000 mg/kg BB. Pengamatan toksisitas di lakukan dalam rentang 14 hari setelah pemberian. Aktivitas AST, ALT dan ALP dianalisis menggunakan kit Diasys®. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kelopak rosella ditemukan LD50 pada 850,90 mg/kg BB, aktivitas AST, ALT, ALP tidak berbeda signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05) dan histopatologi ditemukan beberapa perubahan struktur sel dan jaringan pada organ hepar serta efek toksik yang tertunda hingga hari ke 14 juga tidak ditemukan. Kesimpulan dari penenlitian ini adalah ditemukan efek toksik secara akut dari ekstrak etanol kelopak rosella terhadap tikus SD