Majalah Obat Tradisional
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The Profile of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Syzigium Aromaticum Volatile Oil in Lotion with Variation Composition of Oleic Acid and Propylene Glycol as Enhancer
Get PDFEssential oil of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) containing eugenol has an anti-inflammatory activity. The study was aimed to develop the formulation of lotion by adding of oleic acid and propylene glycol as penetration enhancer. The effect of enhancer composition was also studied. Lotion was prepared with the composition of oleic acid (AO) and propylene glycol (PG) as follow: 1:0 (FI), 0,5:0,5 (FII), 0:1 (FIII). Capacity an anti-inflammatory of formulation based on parameters of the amount of cells with COX-2 expression, the number of inflammatory cells and the epidermis thickness was evaluated using male mouse strain BALb/C induced by crotton oil as inflammatory agents. The results showed that the increasing composition propylene glycol caused the decreasing of the amount of cells with COX-2 expression (p <0.05), the inflammatory cells (P <0.05) and the epidermis thickness (p <0.05
Antituberculosis Activity of Brotowali (Tinospora crispa) Extract and Fractions against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Microplate Alamar Blue Assay Method
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB), in which caused by pathogenic bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has become the major causes of death among all of infectious diseases. The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has created a need to discover a new antituberculosis drug candidate. The aim of this study was to screen extract and fractions of Tinospora crispa for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method. T. crispa extract was prepared by maceration in ethanol (96%) and antituberculosis activity was carried out using MABA method. The result of this study showed that ethanolic extract of T. crispa exhibit antituberculosis activity with minimum inhibition concentration of 12.5 mg/ml
Herbal Combination Effect on the Quality of Semen and Libido in Ongole Cattle Cross-breed
Get PDFBulls fertility has an important role to conception, so bulls should have a high libido, high quality semen, and good performance. This study aimed to improve the quality of semen bulls using traditional herbal medicine by utilizing a combination of medicinal plants. The study used 20 heads of Peranakan Ongole (PO) bulls, is divided into four trials traditional herbs, namely Curcuma xhanthorriza, Curcuma eoriginosa, Alpinia galanga, Andrographis paniculata, Piper retrofractum, Eurycom longifolia, Pimpenella purwatjan, each of which is F1 (15%, 15%, 20%, 5%, 30%, 15% and 0%); F2 (15%, 15%, 20%, 5%, 30%, 10% and 5%); F3 (15%, 15%, 20%, 5%, 25%, 20% and 0%); and F4 (15%, 15%, 20%, 5%, 25%, 15% and 0%). Giving the bull 50 g dose of herbal formula every 300 kg of body weight bull mixed with 200 ml honey and 5 eggs. Bulls were given traditional herbal formula once a week orally. The dependent variable of sperm volume, quality of sperm and strength libido were assessed with randomized block design one way. The results showed that all four traditional herbal formulas that are given to PO bulls did not appear to significantly affect the volume of semen and libido for a month with an average volume of 3.8 ± 2.8 cc / ejaculate and libido 159.9 ± 20.2 seconds. Sperm motility, sperm concentration, percentage of live sperm, and sperm abnormalities in PO bulls were given traditional herbal medicine with four different formulas also not significant (P> 0.05); with as well as the color, pH and consistency is still within the normal range. It was concluded that the four herbal formula derived from a mixture of traditional medicine can be given to bulls in order to increase libido and semen quality. It is suggested for granting herbal medicine ingredient formula of traditional medicine that are cheap and easily obtained to bulls
OPTIMASI KECEPATAN DAN LAMA PENGADUKAN TERHADAP UKURAN NANOPARTIKEL KITOSAN-EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% KULIT JERUK SIAM (Citrus nobilis L.var Microcarpa)
Get PDFSiam citrus peel (Citrus nobilis L. var. Microcarpa) is a plant derived from Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Bioavailability of herbal active compounds can be enhanced by formulating extract into nanoparticle. The polymer used was chitosan with crosslinker Na-TPP. Stirring speed and stirring time play an important role to produce small particle size in forming nanoparticle using ionic gelation method. Enhancement of stirring speed and stirring time could reduce particle size. Nanoparticles were prepared using ionic gelation method by mixing Na-TPP, extract and chitosan (1:1:6) with varying the stirring speed 500 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm and stirring time 1 hrs, 2 hrs, 3 hrs. The particle size of nanoparticle was found to be 85.3 nm at 1000 rpm of stirring speed and 3 hrs of stirring times, with polidispersity index 0.287, zeta potential +32.37 mV and entrapment efficiency 87.12 %.Kulit jeruk siam (Citrus nobilis L. var. Microcarpa) merupakan tanaman yang berasal dari Kabupaten Sambas Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Bioavailabilitas senyawa aktif herbal dapat ditingkatkan dengan memformulasikan ekstrak dalam bentuk nanopartikel. Polimer yang digunakan adalah kitosan dengan crosslinker Na-TPP. Kecepatan dan lama pengadukan dengan metode gelasi ionik berperan penting dalam menghasilkan partikel berukuran nano. Peningkatan kecepatan dan lama pengadukan dapat memperkecil ukuran partikel yang dihasilkan. Pembuatan nanopartikel dilakukan menggunakan metode gelasi ionik dengan mencampurkan Na-TPP, ekstrak dan kitosan (1:1:6) dengan memvariasikan kecepatan pengadukan 500 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm dan lama pengadukan 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam. Ukuran partikel optimum yang diperoleh dari kecepatan pengadukan 1000 rpm dengan lama pengadukan 3 jam yaitu 85.3 nm dengan nilai indeks polidispers 0.287, nilai potensial zeta +32.37 mV dan efisiensi penjerapan 87.12 %
PENGARUH KONDISI KULTUR YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN METABOLIT SEKUNDER KAPANG ENDOFIT ASAL AKAR KUNYIT
Get PDFAntioxidant is an interesting topic due to their capability to inhibit free radical and prevent damage because of oxidative processes. Endophyt fungi is one of antioxidant compound resources in nature. The low yield to gain antioxidant compound from fungi challenges to look for the composition of media and optimalization of growth conditions. This research aimed to know the effect of medium condition in different carbon and nitrogen sources as well as initial pH towards antioxidant activity of endophyt fungi Bo.Ci.Cl.A3. Shaker fermentation was used on 120 rpm at room temperature for 14 days. The carbon sources were glucose, sucrose, and starch and nitrogen sources were NaNO3, NH4NO3, and yeast extract with initial pH at 5, 7, and 9. Ethyl acetate was used as extractor. The results showed that endophyt fungi can produce secondary metabolite as antioxidant at all variation of fermented media. The nitrogen source of yeast extract could increase antioxidant activity of endophyt fungi Bo.Ci.Cl.A3, while other sources such as nitrogen source, carbon sources, and different initial pH on the basal medium that were used did not give increasing antioxidant activity. The conclusion of this research was the substitution of nitrogen source with yeast extract (3 g/L) on the basal medium Czapek Dox’s Broth could increase antioxidant activity of endophyt fungi Bo.Ci.Cl.A3.Antioksidan merupakan topik yang menarik karena kemampuannya dalam meredam radikal bebas dan mencegah kerusakan akibat oksidasi. Kapang endofit adalah salah satu sumber senyawa antioksidan di alam. Rendahnya hasil dalam memperoleh senyawa antioksidan dari kapang membuka peluang untuk mencari komposisi media dan kondisi pertumbuhan yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kondisi media yang meliputi sumber karbon dan nitrogen serta pH awal fermentasi yang berbeda terhadap aktivitas antioksidan kapang endofit Bo.Ci.Cl.A3. Metode fermentasi yang digunakan ialah fermentasi goyang dengan kecepatan 120 rpm pada suhu ruang selama 14 hari. Sumber karbon yang digunakan ialah glukosa, sukrosa, dan pati. Sedangkan sumber nitrogen yang digunakan ialah NaNO3, NH4NO3, dan yeast extract. Kondisi pH awal yang digunakan ialah pH 5, 7, dan 9 dengan etil asetat sebagai bahan ekstraksi. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu kapang endofit mampu menghasilkan senyawa metabolit sekunder antioksidan pada semua variasi media fermentasi yang digunakan. Sumber nitrogen yeast extract dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan kapang endofit Bo.Ci.Cl.A3, sedangkan sumber nitrogen, sumber karbon, dan pH awal yang berbeda dari media basal yang digunakan tidak memberikan peningkatan aktivitas antioksdian. Sehingga kesimpulannya ialah bahwa penggantian sumber nitrogen berupa yeast extract (3g/L) pada medium basal Czapek Dox’s Broth dapat meningkatkan kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan kapang endofit Bo.Ci.Cl.A3
Synergistic Effects of Doxorubicin and Cardenolid Glycosides of Calotropis Gigantea Root on Cervical Cancer Hela Cell Line
Get PDFCardenolid glycosides (CGs) has been known has high anticancer activity against several types of cancers, for example, breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, neuroblastoma, myeloma and leukemia in the in vitro and in vivo research. The aim of our study was to know the synergistic potency of CGs improving the efficacy of doxorubicin in cervical cancer. Activities from combination of doxorubicin and CGs was measured by MTT colorimetric methode. Combination Index was used as combination efficacy parameter. The results showed that the IC50 of CGs was 1,023 μg/mL. CGs demonstrated selective activity in inhibiting the growth of HeLa cells by selectivity index > 3 (241.9). Combination test for CGs and Doxorubicin showed strong synergistic effect in doses 200 ug/mL Doxorubicin and 1.79 ug/mL CGs. The synergistic effect has been shown by 10 combination doses for the doses below the IC50. CGs increases the efficacy of Doxorubicin for the doses below the IC50, thus CGs can be recommended as co chemotherapy in cervical cancer treatment
Effect of Papaya Seed Extract (Carica papaya Linn.) on Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT 4) Expression of Skeletal Muscle Tissue in Diabetic Mice Induced by High Fructose Diet
Get PDFEthnobotany surveys show that papaya seeds are widely used as herbs for the management of some diseases such as abdominal discomfort, pain, malaria, diabetes, obesity, and infection. This research was conducted to analyze the effect of papaya seed extract on GLUT4 expression on skeletal muscle tissue of DM type II model induced by high fructose diet. This study used 24 animals, divided into 4 groups of negative control group, treated with papaya seed extract 100 mg / kgBB, 200 mg / kgBW and 300 mg / kgBW, was adapted for 14 days then induced by fructose solution 20% Orally with a dose of 1.86 grams / kgBB for 56 days. The treatment group was given papaya seed extract in accordance with the dose of each group for 14 days. GDP levels was measured using a spectrophotometer. Skeletal muscle tissue is used on the gastrocnemius part. GLUT4 expression was measured through a Immunoreactive Score (IRS) method with immunohistochemical staining using GLUT4 polyclonal antibodies. Comparative test results showed that there were significant differences between groups (p <0.05) in final GDP variables and GLUT4 expression. Pearson correlation test results show that the value p = 0.001, meaning there is a significant relationship between GLUT4 expression with final GDP levels. The result of simple linear regression analysis showed that p = 0,000 (<0,05), meaning that dose of papaya seed extract had a significant influence on GLUT4 expression
Histopathological Changes of Egg Cells in the Uterine of Ascaridia galli after Treatment with Extract of Veitchia merrillii Nuts
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to observe the histopathological changes of the entire egg cells in the uterine of Ascaridia galli worms treated with crude ethanolic extract of Veitchia merrillii nuts. Histopathological changes of the entire egg cells were observed to describe that the activity of extract V. merrillii nuts interfered the reproduction process could decrease the quantity and quality of A. galli eggs. The experiments consisted of 16 head A. galli female adult worms divided into four groups, contained four worms of each, and maintained in 0.9% phosphate buffered saline (PBS). First group, a negative control experiment consisted of A. galli in 0.9% PBS. Second group, concentration of 15 mg/mL albendazole was used as a positive control. Third group and fourth group, in vitro exposure of the worms to the crude ethanolic extract V. merrillii nuts at a concentration of 25 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL, respectively. The histopathological changes of egg cells in the uterine region of stained worms was evaluated by light microscopic examination at 40x magnification. The results showed that shrinkage and disintegration of the entire egg cells in the breakage of uterus. The results indicate that the possible use of the plant as a potential anthelmintic against A. galli, the intestinal nematode parasite of domestic fowl
Anticancer Activity of Combination of Benalu Belimbing (Macrosolen cochinensis) Extract and Sabrang Onion (Eleutherine palmifolia (L) Merr) on Cervical Cancer Hela Cell Line
Get PDFBenalu belimbing (Macrosolen cochinensis) and onion sabrang / onion dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L) Merr.) is a traditional medicinal plant that has been used by the community as a cancer drug from generation to generation. This study aims to prove scientifically about the anticancer potential from combination of both plants. Anticancer potential of the plant has been proven by testing the extract both in single form and in combination with Hela cells. While to know the selectivity of the extract to HeLa cell then extract is tested on normal cell Vero cell line. Furthermore, a combination test of both extracts was done using variation dose under IC50. The method used to determine anticancer activity was the MTT method. The results obtained in this study showed that ethanolic extract onion sabrang selectively able to inhibit the growth of cervical cancer cells HeLa on IC50: 40.36 μg / ml with 4.06 for the SI (selectivity index) value. While ethanolic extract of benalu belimbing bselectively can inhibit the growth of cervical cancer cells HeLa on IC50: 217.72 μg / ml with 5.77 for the SI (selectivity Index) value. The combination test of sabrang onion extract and extract of benalu belimbing showed that the combination was highly synergistic in combination dose of EBS 22.62 μg / ml and EBB 23.3 ug / ml with combination index 0.15. Whereas the combination doses having synergistic effects on combination doses 23.3 μg / ml for EBB and 11.31 μg / ml for EBS; 23.3 μg / ml EBB and 16.96 μg / ml EBS with a consecutive combination index; 0.51 and 0.64. From these results it can be concluded that the onion sabrang extract has anticancer effect on HeLa cells and selectively killing HeLa cells because the value of selectivity index is greater than 3. The result of the combination test of both extracts shows that the combination dose having strong synergistic effect, so that combination can be recommended for further research
EFEK EKSTRAK BIJI JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L) TERHADAP REGULASI EKSPRESI GEN TGF-β1 SEBAGAI MARKER TUMOR
Get PDFThe role of TGF-β1 is known as the main immunosuppresor associated with tumor, but on the other opinion, it is associated with proliferation and tumor invasion. The increase and decrease of the secretion of TGF-β is to regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and death of various cell types. Now we all know the extract of Jatropha curcas L seed serves as antitumor. Allegedly, it can regulate the expression of TGF-β1 in control of cell number. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of Jatropha seeds to the regulation of gene expression of TGF-β1 as a tumor marker. The method is performed by giving a dose groups the extract of jatropha seed (0, 5, 25, 50, 250 mg/BB) in mice. Then measurement of mRNA expression (RT-PCR), the protein of TGF-β1 levels (ELISA), and qualitative observations of liver histology were done. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA is significantly 4.39 to 7.34 times higher than (ANOVA, p 0.05) than the control. Histological observation of liver showed the extract of jatropha seed induces damage nucleus of hepatocytes cell and sinusoidal. The effects extract of jatropha seed increased the level of TGF-β1 mRNA but not followed by increasing protein of TGF-β1 levels, and it was stimulated necrosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes cell.Peran TGF-β1 diketahui sebagai imunosuppressor utama yang berhubungan dengan tumor tetapi dilain pihak terkait dengan proliferasi dan invasi tumor. Peningkatan dan penurunan sekresi TGF-β1 untuk meregulasi proliferasi, diferensiasi dan kematian dari berbagai jenis sel. Saat ini diketahui ekstrak biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) berfungsi sebagai antitumor. Diduga dapat meregulasi ekspresi TGF-β1 dalam pengendalian jumlah sel. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek biji jarak pagar terhadap regulasi ekspresi gen TGF-β1 sebagai marker tumor. Metode yang dilakukan dengan memberikan kelompok dosis ekstrak biji jarak pagar (0, 5, 25, 50, 250 mg/BB) pada tikus. Lalu dilakukan pengukuran ekspresi mRNA (RT-PCR), kadar protein TGF-β1 (ELISA), dan pengamatan histologi hepar secara kualitatif. Ekspresi mRNA TGF-β1 cenderung lebih tinggi 4,39-7,34 kali secara bermakna (ANOVA; p 0,05) dibandingkan kontrol. Pengamatan histologi hepar menunjukkan pemberian ekstrak biji jarak menginduksi kerusakan nukleus sel hepatosit dan sinusoid. Efek ekstrak biji jarak meningkatkan kadar mRNA tetapi tidak diikuti peningkatan kadar protein TGF-β1, serta menstimulasi terjadinya nekrosis dan apoptosis sel hepatosit