Majalah Obat Tradisional
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FORMULASI MOUTHWASH NANOEMULSI KOMBINASI MINYAK SEREH (Cymbopogon citratus) DAN MINYAK JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) SEBAGAI ANTIKANDIDIASIS ORAL TERUJI IN VITRO TERHADAP Candida albanicans ATCC 10231
Get PDFCandidiasis is a fungal infection disease that still become health problem in Indonesia, especially oral candidiasis that largerly caused by Candida albicans abnormal growth on oral cavity. Lemongrass oil and kaffir lime oil have been proven to have antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The composition of limonen, α-terpineol, sitronelil acetate, terpineol, β-pinene, on kaffir lime oil and citronelal on lemongrass oil make the combination of both oils have the potential as an alternative theraphy for oral candidiasis. It formulates in the form of nanoemulsion mouthwash. Nanoemulsion is chosen because it has some advantages like clear, stable, and increasing the antifungal activity of lemongrass oil and kaffir lime oil. The study begins with plants determination, essential oils charecterization tests (solubility, refractative index, and specific gravity), and essential oil content analysis by GC-MS. Nanoemulision formulates by water titration method. Optimization of oil mix and VCO do to get a clear and stable nanoemulsion. The best formula is characterized (transmittance, particle size, viscosity, zeta potential, and stability test), then analyze the essential oil chemical compounds in the optimum formula and test the inhibitory effect of the formula by microdilution method. Inhibiton data analysis use One Way ANOVA. Based on the results of the study, 0.4 % oil mix, 3.6 % VCO, 17.3 % tween 80, 8.7 % PEG 400 dan 70 % water is the best formula that can form a nanoemulsion system with an average particle size 21,4 nm, low viscosity, low zeta potential and stable during freez-thaw storage. Nanoemulsion significantly has inhibitory effect more effective than positive control.Kandidiasis adalah penyakit infeksi jamur yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia, kandidiasis terutama oral sebagian besar dikarenakan pertumbuhan abnormal Candida albicans pada rongga mulut. Minyak jeruk purut dan serai telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap Candida albicans. Komposisi limonen, α-terpineol, sitronelil assetat, terpineol, β-pinene, pada minyak jeruk purut dan citronelal pada minyak sereh membuat kombinasi keduanya minyak memiliki potensi sebagai terapi alternatif untuk kandidiasis oral. Kedua minyak ini dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk nanoemulsion obat kumur. Nanoemulsion dipilih karena memiliki beberapa keuntungan seperti yang jelas, stabil, dan meningkatkan aktivitas antijamur minyak sereh dan minyak jeruk purut. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan determinasi tanaman, uji karakterisasi minyak atsiri (kelarutan, indeks bias, dan berat jenis), dan analisis kandungan minyak atsiri dengan GC-MS. Nanoemulision diformulasikan dengan metode titrasi air. Optimalisasi campuran minyak dan VCO dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nanoemulsion yang jernih dan stabil. Formula terbaik dikarakterisasi (ukuran partikel, viskositas, potensi zeta, dan stabilitasnya), dilakukan analisis senyawa kimia minyak atsiril dalam formula optimum dan menguji efek penghambatan formula oleh metode mikrodilusi. Analisis data daya hambat dilakukan dengan One Way ANOVA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, 0,4% minyak campuran, 3,6% VCO, 17,3% tween 80, 8,7% PEG 400 dan 70% air merupakan formula terbaik yang dapat membentuk sistem nanoemulsion dengan rata-rata ukuran partikel 21,4 nm, viskositas rendah, potensi zeta yang rendah dan stabil selama penyimpanan freez-thaw. Nanoemulsi secara signifikan memiliki efek penghambatan lebih efektif daripada kontrol positif
Anticancer Activity Of Plant Genus Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): A Review
Get PDFPlants of the genus Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae) is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. Plants of this genus are used both empirically and scientifically as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimalarial, antiviral, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antitumor. Results of the molecular docking simulation of chemical content of these plants could potentially provide an anticancer effect. This paper aims to review the anticancer activity of plant genus Clerodendrum based on scientific data. The method used in this study is the literature study. Searches were conducted online (in the database PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar) and on various books (Farmakope Herbal Indonesia and PROSEA). A total 12 plants of the genus Clerodendrum have anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo, thus potentially to be developed as a source of new active compounds with anticancer activity
Antiinflammatory Activity Test of Aqueous Extracts Herb of Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) in Caragenan Inducted Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Get PDFCiplukan (Physalis angulata L.) empirically has been used to treat sore throat, inflammatory of the airways, gingivitis, and other diseases. This research was to determine the inflammatory activity of water herb extract of P. angulata L. on white male rats edema Wistar strain induced carragenan. P. angulata L. herbs were extracted using infundation method and were dried with frezee drying. Parameter that would be observed of this research was the inhibition foot edema of rat after induction of 0.1 mL of λ-carragenan 2% for 360 minutes. Measurement of edema volume was using pletismometer. The results of this research showed water herb extract of P. angulata L. in dose 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW has potensial as an antiinflammatory drug by percent respectively were 20.13; 28.93; and 34.70%. The three doses hasn’t showed any significant difference (p>0.05) with the positive control of diclofenac sodium dose 4.5 mg/kgBW was 33.90%. Conclusion of this research states water herb extract of P. angulata L. has antiinflammatory activity with effective dose of 400 mg/kgBW
PENETAPAN KADAR DIOSGENIN DALAM EKSTRAK AIR Costus speciosus SECARA HPLC
Get PDFCostus speciosus has been reported to have biological activity among antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemia, antioxidants. One of the chemical constituents that is responsible for some of the biological activity is diosgenin. This study aimed to determine diosgenin content of Costus speciosus water extract (CS). Water extract of CS was obtained with infundation method. The extract was dried using freeze dryer. The assay of diosgenin was performed by HPLC method. HPLC system used: LiChrospher® 100 RP-18 endcapped (5 µm) column length 25cm, colimn id 4 mm as stationary phase, acetonitrile-water (9: 1 v/v) as mobile phase, flow rate 2mL/min and UV detection at 205 nm. HPLC method developed was linear in the range 20-200 μg mL with R = 0.9999 ; slope = 6423.7; and intercept = -4280.5; LOD = 2.14 ug/mL and LOQ = 6.50 mg/mL; and recovery 100.63 %. Diosgenin levels in CS was 0.279 %. The developed HPLC method is relatively simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate to determine the content of diosgenin in water extracts of Costus speciosus.Tanaman pacing telah dilaporkan memiliki beberapa aktivitas biologi antara lain antidiabetes, antihiperlipidemi, antioksidan. Salah satu kandungan kimia yang diduga bertanggung jawab atas beberapa aktivitas biologi tersebuat adalah diosgenin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan kadar diosgenin dalam ekstrak air Costus speciosus (CS). Ekstrak CS diperoleh dengan metode infundasi. Untuk mengeringkan ekstrak digunakan freeze dryer. Penetapan kadar diosgenin dilakukan dengan metode HPLC. Sitem HPLC yang digunakan adalah : Fase diam LiChrospher® 100 RP-18 endcapped (5µm) panjang 25 cm, diameter dalam 4 mm, fase gerak adalah asetonitril-air (9:1v/v) , laju alir 2mL/menit dan deteksi pada UV 205 nm. Metode HPLC yang dikembangkan menunjukkan linearitas pada rentang 20-200µg/mL dengan R = 0,9999 slope = 6423,7 dan intersep = -4280,5; LOD = 2,14 µg/mL dan LOQ = 6,50 µg/mL; recovery 100,63%. Kadar diosgenin dalam ekstrak CS adalah sebesar 0,279 %. Metode HPLC yang dikembangkan relatif sederhana cepat, sensitif, akurat untuk menetapkan kadar diosgenin dalam ekstrak Costus specious
EKSPLORASI JENIS DAN PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN OBAT PADA MASYARAKAT SUKU MUNA DI PERMUKIMAN KOTA WUNA
Get PDFMuna tribe in Kota Wuna Settlement has utilized various types of medicinal herbs. However, until nowthere has been no documented information about the scientific names and their utilization of the medicinal plant species in the area. The objective of this study was to determine the number and types of medicinal herbs used by the society in the study area, efficacy and organs of the plants are utilized. The research was conducted from January until November 2013, in Wuna City Settlement Tongkuno districts, Muna regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This research method used was survey and interview. Identification of the types of medicinal herbs was done by matching the characteristics that exist with images referring to the plant identification book. The results showed that there were 34 collections of plants that have medicinal properties traditionally utilized by the Muna tribes at Wuna City Settlement. Based on 34 types of plants that used, Based on 34 types of plants used, 31 species have been identified and 3 plants species have not been identified.Selama ini sudah banyak jenis tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan oleh suku Muna di Kota Wuna. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa sampai saat ini belum ada identifikasi yang jelas tentang nama-nama jenis tumbuhan tersebut secara ilmiah.Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui jumlah dan jenis tumbuhan obat yang dimanfaatkan oleh suku Muna di Permukiman Kota Wuna, khasiat dan organ tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari hingga November 2013, bertempat di Pemukiman Kota Wuna Kecamatan Tongkuno Kabupaten Muna Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dan wawancara. Identifikas jenis tumbuhan obat dilakukan dengan mencocokkan ciri-ciri yang ada dengan gambar yang mengacu pada buku identifikasi tumbuhan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 34 koleksi tumbuhan yang berkhasiat sebagai obat tradisional yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di Pemukiman Kota Wuna. Dari 34 jenis yang dimanfaatkan tersebut, 31 koleksi telah teridentifikasi nama ilmiahnya dan 3 koleksi tidak dapat diidentifikasi nama ilmiahnya
In Vitro α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Ethanol Extract of Buas-buas (Premna serratifolia Linn)
Get PDFIn 2008, diabetics in Indonesia has reached 8,5 million of 11,1 % prevalence in West Kalimantan. It was estimated to reach 14,1 million in 2035. The treatment of diabetes may occur adverse reactions such as hypoglycemia, lipoatrophy, lipohypertrophy, lactic acidosis, gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions, and obesity. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative medicine to overcome this problem. Buas-buas (Premna serratifolia Linn) could supposedly be an anti diabetic by inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme, due to the compositions of secondary metabolites, cardioprotective activity and it has a similar genus with Premna serratifolia Linn. The soxhlet extraction result from Premna serrtifolia Linn leaf powders produced of 34,1 % yield. Meanwhile, the activity of α-glucosidase in vitroinhibition test with amicroplate reader in various concentrations of samples of 0,125, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, dan 2,5 2% (b/v) were obtained the absorptions of 37,95, 74,77, 86,15, 91,03 and 91,69 %, respectively. The extraction of Premna serratifolia Linn leaf revealed that the concentration of 2 % of sample inhibited in vitro α-glucosidase with a percentage of 91,03 %. The extraction of Premna serratifolia Linn leafinhibited α-glucosidase of 97 % from the percentage of Acarboseinhibition
FORMULASI TABLET HISAP EKSTRAK KUNYIT (Curcuma domestica) DENGAN KOMBINASI BAHAN PENGISIMANITOL – AMILUM MANIHOT
Get PDFHydroalcoholic extract of turmeric is recommended as supplement to prevent atherosclerosis, but the common dosage form in traditional practices is less practical and unacceptable. It is therefore recommended to be mad into new dosage form, lozenges. This research aims to determine the effect of filler agent manitol-amylum manihot variations to the physical characteristics of granule, tablet, and the flavor of the tablet. The optimum formula was evaluated with simplex lattice design method. The hydro extract of turmeric was made using aquadest 80OC while the alcoholic extract using ethanol 96%. Hydro alcoholic extract was made by mixing both extracts, wet granulated and formulated into five formulas with combination of manitol-amylum manihot ratio. The result showed that the combination of manitol-amylum manihot had affected the tablet hardness, solubility time and flavor acceptance. The formula with the combination manitol-amylum manihot 80% : 20% was found to be the optimum formula.Ekstrak hidroalkoholik kunyit direkomendasikan sebagai suplemen untuk prevensi atherosklerosis. Namun,penggunaannya dalam pengobatan tradisional dirasa kurang praktis dan kurang acceptable, sehingga perlu dibuat sediaan tablet hisap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi kombinasi bahan pengisi manitol-amilum manihot terhadap sifat fisik granul, tablet dan rasa tablet.Formula optimum diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode simplex lattice design. Ekstrak air dibuat menggunakan penyari berupa akuades suhu 80OC sedangkan ekstrak alkohol menggunakan penyari etanol 96%. Kedua ekstrak dicampur sehingga diperoleh ekstrak hidroalkoholik kunyit, kemudian digranul dengan metode granulasi basah, dibuat menjadi lima formula dengan kombinasi bahan pengisi manitol-amilum manihot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi bahan pengisi manitol-amilum manihot mampu mempengaruhi kekerasan tablet, waktu larut dan penerimaan rasa. Formula optimum yang didapat adalah campuran bahan pengisi manitol-amilum manihot dengan perbandingan 80% : 20%
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIHIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA EKSTRAK AIR BUAH BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) PADA PEMODELAN TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA
Get PDFBelimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) has antihypercholesterolemic activity. This study aims to determine antihypercholesterolemic potential, optimal dosage and effect of water extracts of Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) on the index of rat organs. Test animals used were male Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups: normal control, negative control, positive conrol (simvastatin 0.18 mg/kg), and the aqueous extracts of fruit Belimbing wuluh dose of 63 mg/kg. The parameter which was measured in this study were total cholesterol levels which obtained using CHOD-PAP method, the weight of rats for 50 days, and organ indexes. Those parameters were further tested with One Way ANOVA. In parameter decrease blood cholesterol levels of rats between groups positive and group aqueous extract of the fruit starfruit dose of 63 mg/kg did not experience a statistically significant difference. Meanwhile, the group aqueous extract of the fruit starfruit dose 63 mg/kg and a negative control experiencing significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion, aqueous extract of the fruit starfruit dose of 63 mg/kg had the effect antihypercholesterolemic seen from the decrease in total cholesterol levels from day 30 and day 50, as well as statistically significant different from the negative control, and can affect the index spleen and pancreas but does not affect the index of the kidneys, liver, heart, and lungs.Buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) memiliki aktivitas antihiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi antihiperkolesterolemia, menentukan dosis optimal dan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak air buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) terhadap indeks organ tikus. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah tikus jantan galur Wistar. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (Simvastatin 0,18 mg/kgbb), dan ekstrak air buah belimbing wuluh dosis 63 mg/kgbb. Parameter yang dilihat adalah, kadar kolesterol total diukur dengan metode CHOD-PAP, berat badan tikus selama 50 hari, dan indeks organ yang selanjutnya diuji secara statistik (One way ANOVA). Pada parameter penurunan kadar kolesterol darah tikus antara kelompok positif dengan kelompok ekstrak air buah belimbing wuluh dosis 63 mg/kgbb tidak mengalami perbedaan bermakna secara statistik. Sedangkan, kelompok ekstrak air buah belimbing wuluh dosis 63 mg/kgbb dan kontrol negatif mengalami perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05). Simpulan, ekstrak air buah belimbing wuluh dosis 63 mg/kgbb memiliki efek antihiperkolesterolemia yang dilihat dari penurunan kadar kolesterol total dari hari ke-30 dan hari ke-50,serta secara statistik berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol negatif, dan dapat mempengaruhi indeks organ limpa dan pankreas namun tidak mempengaruhi indeks organ ginjal, hati, jantung, dan paru-paru
Penares sp sponge from Menjangan Island-water West Bali National Park: Isolation of Cytotoxic Compounds
Get PDFSponges are multicellular animals which have cytotoxic compounds. In this study, isolation and cytotoxic activity of Penares sp sponge from Menjangan island-water West Bali National Park have been carried out. The results showed that chloroform extract and GF V Penares sp fraction were toxic according to Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method (each 85% and 63.3% mortality at 25μg/mL concentration). The isolation result of GF V fraction was obtained a compound (Spot 4) that is active as cytotoxic agent against T47D cells (IC50 of 12.7 ug/mL). Spot 4 is a terpenoid compound which has conjugated double bonds
SENYAWA BIOAKTIF TORBANGUN (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) SPRENG) FRAKSI KLOROFORM INDUKSI APOPTOSIS PADA KANKER PAYUDARA (SEL MCF-7) IN VITRO
Get PDFTorbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng) is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in tropical countries to cure various illnesses. The objective of this study was to identify the active compounds in the chloroform fraction which have effect on the apoptosis-related genes expression of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis was observed morphologically using Hoechst nuclear staining. Expression of the genes was analyzed using Real-Time PCR. Chemical compounds of the plant fractions were determined using LC-MS. Result of cell morphology observation clearly indicated apoptosis after the treatment of the plant fraction. Increased expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 could not prevent the cells from apoptosis. Expressions of p53 and p21 genes were increased significantly. The expressions of caspase 9, caspase 7 and caspase 1 were increased at concentration-dependent manner. Most of the compounds in the chloroform fraction are identified as diterpenoids which may contribute to the apoptosis inducing activity of the fraction.Tanaman Torbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng) telah dimanfaatkan secara tradisional pada berbagai negara di daerah tropis untuk menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi komponen aktif pada fraksi kloroform dari ekstrak tanaman torbangun tersebut yang memiliki efek terhadap ekspresi gen-gen yang berkaitan dengan apoptosis pada sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Apoptosis diamati secara morfologis menggunakan metode pewarnaan inti sel Hoechst. Ekspresi gen dianalisa menggunakan Real-Time PCR sedangkan komponen bioaktif diidentifikasi menggunakan LC-MS. Hasil pengamatan morfologi secara jelas memperlihatkan terjadinya apoptosis pada sel setelah diberi perlakuan ekstrak tanaman. Terjadi peningkatan ekspresi gen anti-apoptosis Bcl-2 namun peningkatan tersebut tidak mampu mencegah terjadinya apoptosis pada sel. Ekspresi gen p53 dan p21 meningkat secara signifikan setelah diberi perlakuan fraksi kloroform. Ekspresi gen caspase 9, caspase 7 dan caspase 1 meningkat dengan level peningkatan yang dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi yang diberikan. Sebagian besar komponen yang teridentifikasi tergolong dalam kelompok diterpenoid yang kemungkinan berkontribusi terhadap bioaktifitas fraksi kloroform dalam menginduksi apoptosis pada sel kanker MCF-7