Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Activity of 70% Ethanol Extract of Chrysophyllum cainito in Increasing Vertebrae Trabecular Bone Density in Female Mice
Get PDFPhytoestrogens are a class of compounds that have estrogen-like functions or structure. This research was conducted to find out the phytoestrogens activity in Chrysophyllum cainito leaves, in increasing the vertebrae trabecular bone density of female mice, using dexamethasone induction as osteoporosis model. The 70% ethanol extract of C. cainito leaves was given to female mice with dose of 100; 200; and 400 mg/kgBW mice/day after being induced orally with dexamethasone with 0.145 mg/kgBW mice/day. The positive control used was 1.3 mg/kgBW mice/day alendronate. This research had been done in four weeks. The increasing of trabecular vertebrae bone density of female mice was measured with Histomorphometry staining methods. The result showed the 70% ethanol extract of C. cainito leaves have activity in increasing trabecular vertebrae bone density for female mice with optimum dose of 400 mg/kgBW mice/day. This activity occurs because phytoestrogens content in 70% ethanol extract of C. cainito leaves, that may replace the function of estrogen in its bond with ER
Microemulsion Formulation of Combination of Virgin Coconut Oil and Rice Bran Oil for Hair Growth
Get PDFResearch on micro emulsion formulation of combination of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and rice bran oil (RBO) as a hair growth promoter has been done. The purpose of this study was to formulate and produce the best formula that is physically stable and optimally promoting the hair growth by varying the content of VCO and RBO in the form of micro emulsions. These dosage formulations were prepared in three formulas using 45% tween 80 as surfactants and 20% glycerin as co surfactant i.e.: F,I containing a combination of VCO and RBO 1:1; FII (1:2) and FIII (2:1). Physical evaluation of the preparation was carried out for 8 weeks of storage which included organoleptic examination, pH, homogeneity, density, globule particle size, phase freeze thaw, and rabbit hair growth activity test for 18 days. Based on the results of the evaluation, it was found that the FI, FII and FIII micro emulsion formulations were physically stable for 8 weeks of storage with a pH ranging from 6.7 to 7.0, density of 1.085-1.088 g/mL, average globul particle size of FI (34.6 nm ), FII (54 nm) and FIII (68.8 nm). The best formulas is FIII for hair growth length of 1.26 cm for 18 days
Antinociceptive Activity of Aqueous Fraction of Kratom Leaves Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) on Male Swiss Albino Mice
Get PDFKratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) has been known to have an analgesic opioid effect (antinociceptive). The major compound of kratom leaf is mitraginin, which has strong affinity on opioid receptor. The aim of this research is to prove antinociceptive effect of aqueous fraction of kratom leaf and its effective dose. The simplicia of kratom leaf was extracted with methanol 96%. Methanol extract fractioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and aquadest. This research used hot plate method on male Swiss Albino mice. The subject divided to 5 groups, negative control group, morphine 5,46 mg/kgBW, aqueous fraction 140, 240 and 560 mg/kgBW. Latency time was measured every 15 minutes over 2 hours period. Analytic statistical of latency time using One Way ANOVA shows that the aqueous fraction at the dose of 140, 280 and 560 mg/kgBW significantly differentiate with negative control group and positive control group. The antinociceptive effect increases with increasing doses. The three doses showed that the antinociceptive effect was no better than the positive control (Morphine
The Effect of Pegagan (Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban) Ethanol Extracts on Hippocampal PSD-95 Protein Expression in Male Wistar Rats
Get PDFOne effort to overcome the decline in memory function is through herbal medicine. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) contain the active components of triterpenoid and flavonoids, has been known to be able to improve memory function. Synaptic plasticity is the basis of memory formation which is strongly influenced by synapse proteins such as PSD-95. Loss of PSD-95 protein can cause memory function decline. This study aims to determine the effect of 70% ethanol extract of pegagan toward PSD-95 protein expression on hippocampus of male Wistar rat. Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 6 rats/group: group (1) given ethanol extract of pegagan with dose 300 mg / kgBW / day (CA300), (2) given ethanol extract of pegagan with dose 600 mg / kgBW / day (CA600), and (3) control group (K), given daily aquadest. All three groups were treated for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment period, rats were decapitated and the hippocampus was isolated from the brain. Analysis of protein was done by immunohistochemical method. Statistical analysis was performed by One Way ANOVA parametric test followed by Post-Hoc Bonferroni. The results showed that there was no significant difference between group K and group CA300 (P = 0.123), whereas there were significant differences between CA600 group and K group and CA300 group (P = 0.000). From this research, it can be concluded that 70% ethanol extract of pegagan with dose 600mg / kgBW / day can increase expression of PSD-95 protein on hippocampus of male Wistar rat
Determination of γ-oryzanol, Phenolic total content, and (2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl) Radical Scavenging Activity in Different Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFIn Indonesia, beras (Oryza sativa) has become the main ingredient in natural beauty products such as masks, scrubs, and cold powder. γ-oryzanol and phenolic compounds are the major components in beras that have many benefits, one of which as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the content of γ-oryzanol and total phenolic compounds in different beras cultivars in the area of Yogyakarta. The leveling was done by a TLC-densitometry method and Folin Ciocalteu. The results showed that the largest γ-oryzanol content found in red beras was 0.0843% by weight of the sample. The highest total phenolic content was found in red beras as much as 1.92% by weight of the sample. The antioxidants activity IC50 Red Beras is 0.591
Yoghurt Fortified Formulation of Lakum Fruit (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) Extract as an Antioxidant
Get PDFLakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) contains a lot of anthocyanin. Anthocyanin in Lakum fruit has a high stability if stored at low temperatures, acidic conditions, and without light. The acidic product such as yogurt can provide an optimum condition for anthocyanin stability and antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to optimize yogurt formulation fortified by lakum fruit extract as an antioxidant according to the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Lakum fruit extract was formulated in yogurt with various concentrations at 0%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. Evaluations were carried out including tests of physical, chemical and microbiological properties and anthocyanin test and antioxidant of yogurt. The results showed that the yogurt formula fortified lakum fruit extract at 7.5% concentration resulted highest anthocyanin stability and antioxidant activity that fulfilled SNI requirements and the preferred level of respondents' preference with anthocyanin levels of 53.35±1.04 mg/L, antioxidant activity 69.15±0.24%, t90 7.97 days, total of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) 48.2x107 colony/gram, fat 3.72±0.03%, pH 3.87±0.03, total acid 0.83±0.06%, viscosity 639.07±2.06 cP, protein of 4.90±0.11%, hedonic test, 6.88 (like), and organoleptic purple (5), the distinctive aroma of lakum fruit (4.95), sour taste (4.85), fine texture (4.9) and slightly liquid viscosity (4.85)
Antihyperurisemic Activity of Aqueous Celery Infusion by Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme Inhibition
Get PDFHyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder because of excessive uric acid production. The high prevalence of hyperuresemia in the world, especially in Indonesia makes the research of antihyperurisemia drugs very needed today. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of water infusion extract from celery stems and leaves to inhibited xanthine oxidase enzyme. Xanthine oxidase enzyme plays a role in change of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then becomes uric acid. The activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme was determined by UV spectrophotometry method and using xanthine substrate. Absorption at 290 nm indicates the presence of a uric acid product from xanthine oxidation by the xanthine oxidase enzyme. Infused extract which has the smallest absorption at 290 nm showed a better inhibitory ability of the xanthine oxidase enzyme because the change of xanthine substrate to uric acid is inhibited. The result showed the celery stems water infusion extract had better inhibition activity than celery leaves water infusion extract. The best inhibition percentage of celery stems water infusion was 90,25%, while the celery leaves water infusion was 69.07% both of at 20% concentration. The type inhibition of celery stems water infusion extract to xanthine oxidase enzyme showed an uncompetitive inhibition type because showed change in Km and Vmax values. Km and Vmax values before the addition of water infusion of celery stems were 104.33 ppm and 3.83 U/mL respectively changed to 74.49 ppm and 2.69 U/mL after the addition of extract
1H NMR Fingerprinting of Medicinal Herbs Contain Chemical Drug Material Allopurinol
Get PDFA study to differentiate the pure medicinal herbs from the mix medicinal herbs with chemical drug material has been done. For this purpose, we conducted fingerprinting of commercial medicinal herbs and chemical drug material allopurinol using 1H-NMR followed with chemometrics analysis. Nine commercial traditional herbal medicines claimed for rheumatic were used as samples as well as allopurinol as the chemical drug standard. Extraction of samples was done by ultrasonicator for 15 min in methanol-d4 containing 0.01% TMSP as an internal standard. Each type of herbal medicine was prepared in three replicates. The phytochemical analysis was done by 500 MHz JEOL NMR. The chemometrics analysis was done using SIMCA software following the 1H NMR spectra processing with MNOVA software. All spectra showed no contamination with allopurinol. The specific signals of allopurinol at aromatic regions were confirmed not present when the spectra were stacked together. Hence, the result of OPLS-DA analysis convinced that the herbs were clearly separated the medicinal herbs into 3 classes. Jamu 1 is separated from others showed very high intensity of several signals which may indicate an addition of chemical medicines but not allopurinol. The clear separation of other two groups may corresponds to the similarity of ingredients. These results also showed that most of traditional medicines which produced by small industries, the traditional medicines contain no active pharmaceutical ingredients (allopurinol) indicating a high safety of Indonesia traditional medicines
Acute Tocixity of Sterculia quadrifida R.Br Bark Ethanol Extract on Sprague-Dawley Rats
Get PDFFaloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br) is a medicinal plant used by people in the province of East Nusa Tenggara to treat hepatitis. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity of faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R. Br) bark ethanol extract in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male white rats. The method used is experimental using post-test only control group design. In this study the parameters used are body weight, clinical symptoms, clinical biochemistry (ALT & AST), histopathology of liver organ and mortality in rats. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups, group 1 as control, group 2 was administered orally faloak bark ethanol extract at dose of 40 mg / kg body weight, group 3 at dose of 200 mg / kg body weight, group 4 at dose of 1000 mg / kg body weight and group 5 at dose of 5000 mg / kg body weight. Results of observation for 24 hours there are no dead rats, so the value of LD50 extract ethanol faloak is > 5,000 mg / kg body weight. Observations were conducted for 14 days to observed delayed occurrence of toxic effects. Oral administration of the faloak bark ethanol extract reduced the level of AST and ALT. The histopathology observation of rats liver cells showed liver cell necrosis at treatment doses of 200 - 5,000 mg / kg body weight
Identification of ɤ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Loloh as A Potential Drink as Antihipertension
Get PDFLoloh sembung (Blumea balsamifera) is a functional drink that is widely consumed by Balinesse people and exhibit health-promoting effect. The purpose of this study was to identify GABA of loloh sembung which has physiological effect as antihypertensive. Proximate analysis was performed to determine nutritional value content of loloh sembung. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) method was employed to determine potassium and sodium content, and identificatio of ɤ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. In this study, water content of loloh sembung was 99.2324%, ash 0.0117. Fresh sembung leaves have water content 83.8112%, ash content 2.0617%, protein 0.9659%, fat 2.850%, and carbohydrate 10.3109%. Loloh sembung contained sodium, 51.65 mg/L and potassium 1353.10 mg/L. Subsequently, fresh sembung leaves contained sodium 579.72 mg/L and pottasium 1353.19 mg/L respectively. In this study, GABA was detected in loloh sembung and has promising prospect as antihypertensive-functional drink