Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Prediction of Geraniol Bond Mode in Aspergillus niger Linalool Dehydratase – Isomerase
Get PDFGeraniol is a very valuable aroma chemical and has commonly been used in fragrances and aroma compound. Geraniol biotransformation by Aspergillus niger has been studied. The main bioconversion products obtained from geraniol and liquid culture of A. niger are linalool and alpha-terpineol. Linalool plays a major role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. This study aims to know the interaction of geraniol in Aspergillus niger enzyme with docking molecular. Comparative modeling of Aspergillus niger enzyme was conducted by means of one of the crystal structure of Linalool Dehydratase – Idomerase (LDI) as a template. The best model of this comparative modeling was then used in docking molecular to investigate geraniol binding mode inactive site enzyme of Aspergillus niger. Inactive site enzyme of Aspergillus niger, geraniol is located with hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds: Amino acid – the amino acids are Asn 105, Arg 96, Lys 112 inactive site - OH with hydrogen bond, Arg 97 inactive site – CH3 with hydrophobic bond and Leu54 inactive site – CH3 with the hydrophobic bond. The distances among pharmacophore respectively are 3,603 A, 6,768 A, and 7,345A. It has higher score (ΔGbind: -3.4 kcal/mol) compared to linalool (ΔGbind: -3.6 kcal/mol). Virtual tethering of linalool with LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme in amino acid Leu120 and Glu118 had been done. The pharmacophore is - OH and methyl C8 group. The distances among pharmacophore respectively are 5,835 Å, 2,52 Å, and 5,32 Å. Virtual tethering of LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme with geraniol has a higher score (ΔGbind: -3.4 kcal/mol) compared to linalool (ΔGbind: -3.6 kcal/mol). It shows that interaction between linalool and LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme is easier to occur than the interaction between geraniol and LDI Aspergillus niger enzyme, geraniol reaction to linalool that occurs is rearrangement reaction
Hepatoprotective Effect of Citrus Sinensis Peel Extract Against Isoniazid and Rifampicin-induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death in developing countries. One of the problems in controlling TB disease is that most anti-tuberculosis drugs are hepatotoxic. Citrus sinensis peel extract is the rich source of secondary metabolites with high potential effectiveness as an antioxidant. In the present study, we evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Citrus sinensis peel ethanolic extract (CSPEE) on isoniazid and rifampicin-induced liver injury in Wistar rats. Twenty five adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 each : control, (INH+RIF) (50 mg/kg bw once a day for 14 days), (INH+RIF) + various dose of CSPEE (300, 450, 600 mg/kg bw). CSPEE was given orally once a day for 14 days followed by administration of INH + RIF suspension. The measurement of serum ALT and AST were carried out on the 15th day. Histopathologic examination of the liver was also performed. The Serum ALT and AST of the rats that induced with INH + RIF were increased significantly (P0.05) with those of control groups. The serum ALT and AST and histopathological examination of the liver of the group that administered 600 mg/kg CSPEE were closest to normal rats. Citrus sinensis peel extract exhibits hepatoprotective effect on liver injury induced with INH + RIF in Wistar rats
Wound Healing Effects of Edible Bird’s Nests Oinment (Aerodramus fuciphagus) in Alloxan-Induced Male Rats
Get PDFEdible bird's nest (Aedrodramus fuchipagus) contains EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) and sialic acid which is useful in wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of edible bird's nest on the injured Alloxan-induced rats to form optimal ointment formulation of edible bird's nest (Aedrodramus fuchipagus) which can heal wounds. The method used in this research is experimental using 25 Sprague Dawley rats divided into 5 groups in which each group consists of 5 rats; Group I was the control group (Vaseline + Betadine®), Group II, III, and IV were the group of EBN + Betadine® with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%; and Group V was of the Sanoskin Meladerm® (SM) + Betadine® group. The rats were modeled for diabetes by inducing Alloxan (150mg/kgBW/i.p) and exposed with DM when the blood sugar level was > 200 mg/dL. The back skins were sliced as long as 2 cm and 2 mm depth and were given treatment according to the group, 1 x daily for 10 days. Parameters that were noticed were length wound, length of the dry wound, and the number of days of scab formation. The results obtained in the control group were 10%, 20%, and 30% on the EBN group, and the SM group on the 9th day were 1.3±0.2449, 0.34±0.427, 0.56±0.4586, 0±0, 0±0. The results of the average length of the dry wound in the control group were 10%, 20%, and 30% on the EBN group, and the SM group were 1±0.5, 2±1.5, 4±0, 8, 1±0.8, and 2±0.63. While the result of the average day of scab formation on the control group was 10%, 20%, and 30% on the EBN groups, SM Groups were 1.3±0.47, 2.2±1.6, 3.8±0.8, 1±0, and 2±0.63. Based on Kruskal Wallis test, there were significant differences in the wound length among treatment groups (sig 0.013) and significant differences in dry wounds among treatment groups (sig 0.046), but there was no difference in the time of scab formation among treatment groups (sig 0.066). In conclusion, edible bird’s nest (Aedrodramus fuchipagus) ointment concentration of 30% is the most optimal ointment to wound healing in Alloxan-induced male rats when compared to Sanoskin Melladerm
Effect of Red Onion (Allium cepa var ascalonicum) Skin Ethanolic Extract on the Motility and the Adhesion Index of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Macrophage Phagocytosis Index
Get PDFRed onion skin (Allium cepa var ascalonicum) contains various ingredients that may function as antibacterial agents against microorganisms, as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator agents for host cells, such as macrophages. Pseudomonas aeruginosa found in the oral cavity is commensal bacteria that may turn into opportunistic pathogen by utilizing its virulence factors such as motility and adhesion to the host cell. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of red-onion-skin ethanolic extract towards P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 on the motility and adhesion ability, furthermore, to know its effect on the macrophage phagocytosis. The research was conducted into three parts of experiment using red-onion-skin ethanolic extract. Extract-induced bacterial motility test was carried out on semi-solid media, stained using 0.1% crystal violet, then the radial length of the bacterial movement was measured. The bacterial adhesion index to buccal cells was calculated after incubated for two hours and stained with Gram stain. Phagocytic activity of the host cells on P. aeruginosa was done by exposing the extract to the mouse peritoneal macrophages, then the phagocytosed bacteria were counted after Giemsa staining. Statistical test results from the three experiments showed significant differences between the test groups compared to the control groups (p <0.05). It was concluded that the red onion-skin ethanolic extract not only affects P. aeruginosa by reducing swarming motility and preventing bacterial adhesion to buccal epithelial cells, but also induces the host cells by increasing the ability of macrophage phagocytosis to these bacteria
Combination Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanol Extract and Andrographis paniculata Herb on Blood Glucose Levels and Pancreas Histopathology of Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozotocin
Get PDFType 2 diabetes mellitus is a non-contagious disease, can damage the glucose metabolic system in the body, and is characterized by hyperglycemic conditions. Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) and Andrographis herbs (Andrographis paniculata) have been studied to have antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of Moringa leaf ethanol extract (MLEE) and ethanol extract of Andrographis herbs (AHEE) in streptozotocin-induced rats (45 mg/kgBW). The subjects consisted of 32 rats, divided into 8 groups (1 healthy group and 7 type 2 DM groups). The study was conducted for 4 weeks by measuring blood glucose levels in pre-treatment, day 0, 14 and 28 with a single MLEE treatment dose of 300 mg/kgBW, single AHEE 300 mg/kgBW, combination of MLEE and AHEE 150+150 mg/kgBW, 200+100 mg/kgBW, 100 + 200 mg/kgBW, and gliclazide 5 mg/kgBW orally. The results of measurement of fasting blood glucose levels on day 28 showed that administration of gliclazide 5 mg/kg BW, single dose MLEE and AHEE, as well as its combination, had significant differences (p<0.05) compared to the hyperglycemic control group. Pancreatic organ histopathology features in the extract dose group showed that there was a change in the repair of insula Langerhans compared to the hyperglycemic control group which showed necrotic damage due to streptozotocin induction. Combination administration has the same antihyperglycemic effect by single dose extract in diabetic rats within 28 days, which also restore weight loss to normal
The Influence of Channa Striata Extract Emulgel on Incision Wound Healing in White Rats
Get PDFSnakehead fish (Channa striata) have high albumin content, a protein needed for cell development and the formation of new tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of snakehead fish extract emulgel given topically on incision wounds in white rats. The parameters of wound healing consist of wound length, a number of neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts and density of collagen. The white rats divide into three groups of (n = 6), one group was given the emulgel base as the negative control, one group of povidone-iodine as the positive control, and one group of snakehead fish extract 10% emulgel. White rats were sacrificed on the third and seventh days for microscopic observations. The results showed that snakehead fish extract emulgel can accelerate incision wound healing: decrease wound length, increase the number of neutrophil and macrophages cells, increase the average number of fibroblasts and increase collagen density on white rats
Toxicity Study of Volatile Oil Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schlecht Rhizome to Larvacide of Aedes aegypti and GC-MS Profile
Get PDFBoesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schlecht has been recognized by society as traditional drug for a long time. The active constituent of this plants especially the volatile oil, which contains monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The use of Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schlecht rhizome which is a botanical insecticide shows higher safety because the molecule is easily broken down into harmless compounds against the environment. The aim of this research were to know about the activity of larvacide from the volatile oil of Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schlecht rhizome and also to analyze its chemical compounds using GC-MS. The volatile oil was isolated from Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schlecht with steam and water destillation method. The volatile oil in the aqueous ethanol 70 % v/v was made as the test solution for larvacide. The concentrations of the volatile oil of Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schlecht rhizomes used were 150 ppm; 201 ppm; 270 ppm; 362 ppm; 485 ppm; 650 ppm. Abate was used as positive control at concentration 0,001 ppm; 0,0025 ppm; 0,0065 ppm; 0,016 ppm; 0,04 ppm; 0,1 ppm while aqueous ethanol 70 % v/v was used as negative control. Each treatment were used 20 larvaes of Aedes aegypti and was observed during 24 hours. The data of died larvae were counted to estimate the values of LC50 with probit analysis method. The chemical compound of volatile oil of Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schlecht was analyzed by the GC-MS. The results of this research showed that the volatile oil of Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schlecht have clear-brass colour, bitter taste, typically aromatic, rendemen equal to (0,25 ± 0,011) % v/w and refractive index 1,4818. The value of LC50 for the volatile oil of Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schlecht rhizome is (407,06 ± 31,6985) ppm while abate equal to (0,0132 ± 0,0013) ppm. This matter indicates that abate more potent to larvae of Aedes aegypti. The result of analyze the component of the volatile oil of Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb) Schlecht by the GC-MS obtained of 15 peak chromatogram and 6 peak which has identified showed the possibility the existence of champene, eucalyptol, ocimene, camphora, geraniol, methyl cinnamate
Wound Healing Activity of Ethanolic Extract Gel of Tawas Ut Tuber (Ampelocissus rubiginosa L.) in Incisional Model Wistar Rats
Get PDFTawas ut tuber (Ampelocissus rubiginosa Lauterb.) is empirically used in wound healing by Dayak community. The present study was undertaken to assess wound healing activity of gel from ethanol extract of A. rubiginosa tuber using parameters of the closure of wound length, tensile strength, and histopathological observations. This study used twenty-five male Wistar rats divided into five groups: positive control (Bioplacenton®), negative control (placebo gel), and three of testing groups with gel extract (concentrations of 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%). Wound healing activity was evaluated to 4 cm length and ± 2 mm depth incision wound model on the back skin of rats. The measurement of wound length was observed on the day of 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, and 20th used quantitative analyze. On the day of 20th, animal was anaesthetized and the skin has been taken for tensile strength evaluation and histopathological observations. This study showed that group treated with gel extract at the concentration of 2.5% experienced higher wound healing activity with average percentage of wound closure of 99.00% ± 0.16, tensile strength 3.8541 gram/mm2, and proved with the re-epithelization, neocapillarization, and increase collagen density appeared in histopathological observations. Based on this study, gel from ethanol extract of A. rubiginosa tuber possesses wound healing activity
The usage of Jati Leaves Extract (Tectona grandis L.f) As color of lipstick
Get PDFLipstick is one of the most used cosmetics by women. According to Tranggano and Latifah (2007), lipstick is a cosmetic applied to the lips, to protect the lips in cold and dry air so that the lips are not easy to dry and crack. Lipstick is used by women for a long time so that lipstick should be safe and do not cause irritation. Chemicals substances in the manufacture of lipstick can accidentally be consumed and long-term use so that its accumulation in the body would be harmful to health. Synthetic lipstick color is one part of the dangerous lipstick making material. Synthetic substances can be replaced with natural dyes. The use of natural dye limits on cosmetics is 5-15% (Mercado, 1991). One example of natural dyes that can be used is the dye from the Jati leaves (Tectona grandis L.f). This study aim is to prove that Jati leaves (Tectona grandis L.f) can be used as a natural dye in the material of lipstick. The method used in this research is the method of extraction maceration with jati leaf samples of 300 grams and ethanol of 96%. Component of lipstick formula which are cera alba, lanolin, vaseline, cetyl alcohol, paraffin solid, oleum ricini, oleum rosae, propylene glycol, butyl hydroxytoluene, methyl paraben, and the addition Jati leaf extract under the concentration of 0%, 18% , and 22%. The material of lipstick is easy to apply, stable, brown color, homogeneous, melting point of 600C, range pH between 3 at 4 and lipstick have a breaking point of 500 grams. Jati leaf extract (Tectona grandis L.f) can be used as a dye or color of lipstick
Topical Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb). Ethanolic Extract in Mice Induced By Carrageenan
No full textRhizome of bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) is one of the materials that are traditionally used in the traditional preparation to maintain skin from redness. The content of chemical compound in bangle rhizomes has many benefits, including inhibition of the inflammatory processes. This study aims to determine the topical anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of bangle rhizomes in mice induced by carrageenan. Thirty five female Swiss mice were used in this study. Animals were divided into 7 group of five: normal group, carrageenan 2% group, carrageenan 2% group plus control of basis (Biocream®), carrageenan 2% group plus 2.5% hydrocortisone cream, and carrageenan 2% group plus cream of ethanolic extract of bangle rhizomes with the concentration of 1%, 2.5% and 5% w/w. Carrageenan 2% was injected subcutaneously in all treatment group except normal group. The skinfold thickness of mice was measured every 1 hour for 6 hours after carrageenan injection. Results of this study shows that there is a significant differences between treatment groups (p <0.05) compared to carrageenan 2% treated group. To conclude, ethanolic extract of bangle rhizomes has topical anti-inflammatory in mice induced by carrageenan.