Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Anti-aging Effect of Black Garlic Through Anti-senescence, Gelatinase Inhibition Mechanism, and Formulation of NLC Serum
Full text linkAging associated with cellular senescence was responsible for the degradation of collagen and elastin by activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that produced wrinkles. Black garlic is known to have an anti-aging potency on premature aging. This study aims to reveal the anti-aging potency of black garlic through anti-senescence and gelatinase inhibition mechanisms and its formulation of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Serum. Black Garlic Extract (BGE) was macerated with ethanol 50% then heated with low temperature at 50°C. The extract obtained was profiled with Thin Layer Chromatography and antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The cytotoxic effect of BGE was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on Vero cells. Anti-senescence effect of BGE was conducted by SA-β-Gal assay. The inhibition of gelatinase activities was predicted by molecular docking using MOE2010 software. The preparation of Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) is done by High Shear Homogenization method, then the best formula continued to make NLC-BGE Serum. The BGE contained S-allyl cysteine as a major organosulfur compound. BGE showed non-toxic to Vero cells with IC50 >500 μg/mL. Furthermore, 50 μg/mL of BGE showed inhibits doxorubicin-induced senescence in Vero cells. BGE also appeared to have good affinity on inhibitory domains of MMP-1 (∆G -7,754 kcal/mol) and MMP-2 (∆G -9,130 kcal/mol). NLC-BGE serum formula has met nanoparticles criteria and showed good stability. Based on this study, BGE revealed anti-senescence and gelatinase inhibition that is considered to have high anti-aging properties and can be applied in the NLC-BGE serum formula
Anti-hyperlipidemic and Biochemical Effect of Aqueous Extract of Combretum dolichopetalum in High Cholesterol Diet Fed Rats
Full text linkIt is commonly known that atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CAD) are associated with hyperlipidemia, which is brought on by abnormalities in the transportation, production, or catabolism of cholesterol. Hence, preventing hyperlipidemia can positively impact managing and treating cardiovascular diseases. This present study aimed to examine the possible aqueous extract's effects of Combretum dolichopetalum (AECD) on liver indices and lipid status in rats on a diet rich in cholesterol. Five groups of twenty-five male albino Wistar rats, weighing between 130 and 160 grams, were assembled. Group A (Standard control group), Group B (Hyperlipidemic control), Group C (treatment): which received high cholesterol diet (HCD) + AECD (200 mg/kg bwt.), Group D: HCD + AECD (400 mg/kg bwt), Group E: HCD + atorvastatin (standard drug) (30 mg/kg bwt). The rats were sacrificed on day 28th of the experiment, and samples were obtained for liver indices and lipid profile using standard protocols. The findings show that the treatment groups' lipid profile was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of the hyperlipidemic controls. The liver enzymes; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), remain unchanged across all groups. These findings suggest that AECD is beneficial in lowering cholesterol levels and does not have a toxic effect on the liver
Anti-aging Properties from Gold Nanoparticles Serum using Fig Leaf Extract (Ficus carica L.)
Full text linkIndonesian women saw premature aging as a serious problem; 60% of female respondents felt less confident due to the symptoms of premature aging they experienced. Fig leaves (Ficus carica L.) are a natural ingredient containing flavonoid compounds that have the potential to act as antioxidants and bio-reduction in the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles that have anti-aging properties. This research aims to determine the antiaging activity of fig leaf serum in inhibiting collagenase enzymes and fibroblast cell proliferation. The research design used a true experimental method by macerating fig leaves. Formulation of 90 μL fig leaf extract gold nanoparticles was carried out in serum preparations varying in the concentration of 5, 10, and 15%. The characteristics of the serum preparation were tested for organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and viscosity. Antioxidant activity was compared using the DPPH method with Vitamin C. The test for inhibiting skin-degrading enzymes is carried out by inhibiting the collagenase enzyme. Test the cell viability of fig leaf gold nanoparticles against HDFa cells using the MTT assay method. The 15% serum results obtained strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 21.63 μg/ml, showed good collagenase enzyme inhibition of 88.1%, and could increase cell viability after exposure to H2O2 by 93.22%. It can be concluded that gold nanoparticle serum from fig leaf had the potential for antiaging activity and the stability of the new "fig leaf extract-gold nanoparticle serum" formulation for further improvement as a new antiaging cosmetic
Activities of Cayratia trifolia Fruit on Oxidative Stress and Histological Change in Physical Stress-Induced Mice
Full text linkLakum fruit (Cayratia trifolia L. Domin) contains secondary metabolite compounds that have antioxidant properties. C trifolia belongs to the Vitaceae family, known as tropical grapes that have a sweet and itchy taste. This study aims to determine the potential of C. trifolia fruit methanol fraction as an antioxidant based on the parameters of malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase enzymes, SGOT enzymes, SGPT enzymes, kidney and liver histology. The study used 24 male Swiss mice which were divided into 6 treatments, namely normal control, negative control, positive control (vitamin E), and C. trifolia methanol fraction 115; 230; 460 mg/kgBW. Physical stress induction was given in the form of fasting and swimming for 5 days. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and descriptive analysis for histological parameters. The results showed that the methanol fraction of 115 mg/kg BW decreased the best levels of malondialdehyde serum (38 µM), SGOT (34.7 U/L) and SGPT (34.6 U/L) compared to other doses. Doses of 115 mg/kgBW also provided the best levels of the superoxide dismutase enzymes (1.73 U/L) almost equal to vitamin E as positive control. Observations of kidney and liver histology showed a decrease in damage to hepatocytes and renal glomerulus in the 115 mg/kgBW C. trifolia methanol fraction. This research contributes to the development of C. trifolia as a natural antioxidant
The Effect of Cocamide Dea on the Characteristics of Ginger and Celery Extract Shampoo Preparations
Full text linkGinger and celery extracts are recognized anti-dandruff agents. Managing dandruff can be accomplished by creating a cleanser formulation. Shampoo contains an essential cleansing ingredient known as surfactant. SLS enables good foams, but at >10% concentration, it irritates skin. Adding a nonionic surfactant like cocamide DEA reduces irritation. This study examined how cocamide DEA concentrations affected the physical qualities and hedonic evaluation of a shampoo containing ginger and celery extracts. The shampoo was produced in three formulas with differing cocamide DEA concentrations: F1 (6%), F2 (8%), and F3 (10%). The formulation is evaluated using organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, bulk density, foam height, foam stability, cycling, hedonic, and irritant studies. The result of this study revealed that shampoo had a brownish-orange color, a ginger-mint scent, and different looks. All three formulations were homogeneous, did not separate during cycling, and had significant viscosity variances, pH, bulk density, foam height, and foam stability. The formula with an 8% cocamide DEA concentration was the most popular and did not produce irritation. In conclusion, varying cocamide DEA concentrations affect the physical properties and preferences of panelists in a shampoo formulation that includes ginger and celery extracts
Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Orthosiphon aristatus Leaf Extract Granule Preparation as Herbal Beverage Candidate
Full text linkDeveloping Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. leaf extract of purple varieties into granule dosage forms is expected to facilitate consumption, storage, and can extend the shelf life of the product. This study aims to develop the formulation and evaluation of granule preparations of O. aristatus leaf extract of purple varieties, with a comparison of lactose and maltodextrin fillers to produce the best formula. The granule dosage forms were prepared using wet granulation method. Furthermore, the variation of granule preparation formula consists of F1 (extract with lactose), F2 (extract with maltodextrin), F3 (extract with a combination of lactose and maltodextrin 1:1), F4 (freeze dried extract with lactose), F5 (freeze dried extract with maltodextrin), and F6 (freeze dried extract with a combination of lactose and maltodextrin 1:1). The physical evaluation of granules comprised moisture content testing, flowability, compressibility index, particle size distribution, and granule dissolving time. Results from the physical evaluation of granules over 28 days of storage indicated that all six formulas met the criteria for good granules, with F3 emerging as the optimal formula due to its superior physical stability and visually appealing appearance upon dissolution. To conclude, this study demonstrates that O. aristatus leaf extract can be effectively formulated into instant granule preparations suitable for herbal beverage or alternative medicine. Moreover, by modifying the filler material, the physical stability of the granule preparation can be maintained
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Channa micropeltes Extract through NF-κB and TNF-α in Diabetic Rat
Full text linkDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both characterized by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemic condition is associated with inflammation process leading to complications. Food supplements play an important role in controlling protein metabolism and have anti-inflammatory properties such as Channa micropeltes (CM). This study aimed to analyze the effect of CM extract on the levels of molecular markers Nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNF-α) in normal and diabetic rats. The experimental design of this investigation was a post-test-only control group design and the samples were the diabetic model group given CM extract at 16 mL/kgBB dose, and negative control group for 14 days, respectively. Serum concentrations of NF-κB and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. DM-CM group showed decreasing levels of NF-κB. TNF- α was detected with the lowest level in the N-CM group. The levels of TNF- α declined close to normal levels in the DM-CM group. Hence, the conclusion was the CM at a dose of 16 mL/kg BW for 14 days in Wistar rats can reduce Nf-κB and TNF-α in groups of normal and diabetic rats
Calophyllum inophyllum: A Comprehensive Analysis of its Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Properties
Full text linkNyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) is reported to have ethnomedicinal benefits in traditional medicine systems. Leaves, fruit, seeds, flowers, stems, roots and essential oils are the parts that are often used. Previous scientific studies revealed that this plant part is a valuable resource of secondary metabolites and exhibits a wide range of biological activities. The purpose of this review is to deliver thorough and detailed insights into the traditional uses, chemical ingredients, biology, and pharmacological studies as scientific evidence about the useful efficacy of C. inophyllum in the development of modern medicine. Traditional use shows C. inophyllum is widely used to treat skin diseases, wounds, boils, vaginal discharge, bleeding, gonorrhea, chronic bronchitis, sore eyes, heatstroke, and headaches. C. inophyllum is rich in phenols, polyphenols, flavonoids, xanthones, coumarins, and terpenoids. Several research results show that C. inophyllum possesses a multitude of pharmacological properties including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiplatelet, antiviral, and antidiabetic activities
Moringa oleifera Leaves Ethanol Extract Inhibits HT-29 Cells and COX-2 Expression Predictably Through PPARγ Activation
Full text linkColorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death among all cancer cases worldwide. Cancer cells often exhibit overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), producing prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) and subsequent inflammation and neoplasia. Moringa oleifera is rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of M. oleifera leaves ethanol extract on COX-2 expression in HT-29 cells. Dried M. oleifera leaves (5 g) were ethanol-macerated for 24 hours, yielding a 10 mg ethanol extract. MTT inhibition is used for immunocytochemistry evaluation of COX-2 expression. Molecular docking of phenolic compounds from the extract on PPARγ indicated an agonistic potential. The ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves demonstrated anticancer activity with an IC50 value of 114.8 µg/ml, with a significant reduction in COX-2 expression observed at a dose of 100 ppm, resulting in an H-score of 111.83 ± 2.21. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) activity is thought to be the first step in suppressing COX-2 expression. Three phenolic compounds found in M. oleifera are predicted to be PPARγ agonists: rutin, naringin, and hesperidin, according to the molecular docking simulations
Characterization and Identification of Novel Steroids from Nauclea pobeguinii Leaves
Full text linkNauclea pobeguinii is a plant in the Rubiaceae family endemic to the swamp forest region of the world. Its extract is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a wide variety of ailments such as malarial, Jaundice, gonorrhea, fever, and stomach discomfort. While other parts of the plant have been examined for the bioactive principles responsible for the medicinal properties, limited information is available in the literature as regards the leaves, hence this study. N. pobeguinii leaves were collected, air-dried, and pulverized. The pulverized sample was extracted with solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) of varying polarity to obtain the crude extracts. Repeated column and thin layer chromatographic separation of the crude extracts afforded three compounds, which were characterized by their IR, 1H, 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectral data. A comparison of the data with literature confirmed the compounds to be 2-hydroxylstigmastane acetate (1), Ergosta-5,6-epoxy-22-en-3-yl-acetate (2), and β-sitosterol (3). Compounds 1 and 2 are novel to N. pobeguinii