Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Preparation, Characterization, and Wound Healing Activity of Papaya Leaves Extract on Spray Gel
Get PDFPapaya leaves have been using for wound healing that contains flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, chymopapain, and papain enzymes. The aim of this research were preparation, characterization, and wound healing activity of papaya leaves extract on spray gel. Spray gel was formulated with variation of gelling agent such as carbopol 940, HPMC, gellan gum, and hydroxyethylcellulose. The spray gel were characterizated by organoleptic, pH, stickiness test, viscosity, homogeneity, weight, and wound healing activity in rats. The results showed were all of formula spray gel have brown and homogeneous, pH between 5,947-6,347 within pH range of skin, stickiness test between 1,92-8,12 s, viscosity between 880-1740 cPs. Papaya leaves extract on spray gel has wound healing activity in rats faster than extract and positive control that is 16 days. The wound healing of papaya leaves extract on spray gel exhibited significantly different (p<0,05) than negative control
AKTIVITAS PENANGKAPAN RADIKAL 2-2’ DIFENIL-1-PIKRIL HIDRAZIL (DPPH) EKSTRAK ETANOLIK DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.), DAN BATANG BROTOWALI (Tinospora crispa L.), FRAKSI AIR SERTA FRAKSI AIR TERHIDROLISIS
Get PDFWe have investigated the antiradical activity of ethanolic extract of mengkudu leaves (Morinda citrifolia L.) and brotowali stem (Tinospora crispa L.) using radical scavenging assay or DPPH radical. Thin layer chromatograms were also studied to estimate the group of compounds that have antiradical activity. The objective of this research was to compare the DPPH antiradical efficiency values of water fraction and acid hydrolyzed water fraction in both extracts. The radical scavenging IC50 value of ethanolic extract, water fraction, and hydrolised water fraction (one and thee hours) of mengkudu leaves were 75,65 µg/mL ; 98,68 µg/mL ; 36,27 µg/mL and 33,36 µg/mL respectively. The IC50 value for brotowali stem were 33.75 µg/mL, 52.29 μg/mL, 31.12 μg/mL and 18.26 μg/mL. The highest antiradical activity was the hydrolyzed water fraction three hour namely 200 µg/mL of this fraction was able to inhibit 33.12% and 18.26 μg/mL DPPH radicals.Keberadaan radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat menimbulkan beberapa kerusakan atau penyakit, sehingga antioksidan tambahan bisa sebagai salah satu penangkalnya. Penelitian ini membandingkan aktivitas penangkapan radikal 2-2’ difenil -1- pikril-hidrazil (DPPH) ekstrak etanolik, fraksi air, dan fraksi air terhidrolisis pada daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) serta batang brotowali (Tinospora crispa L.). Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap yakni ekstraksi, fraksinasi untuk mendapatkan fraksi air, perlakuan hidrolisis asam pada fraksi air (satu dan 3 jam), uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan kromatografi lapis tipis dan uji penangkapan radikal DPPH dengan spektrofotometri. Senyawa antioksidan pada masing-masing fraksi dan aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH (%) dapat diketahui dari profil kromatogram, sedangkan IC50 dapat dihitung dari kurva linier antara konsentrasi vs aktivitas penangkapan radikal (%). Nilai IC50 sebelum dan sesudah hidrolisis dibandingkan dengan uji paired sample t-test pada SPSS 16.0 dengan taraf signifikansi 95%. Nilai IC50 ekstrak etanolik, fraksi air, fraksi air dengan perlakuan hidrolisis asam selama 1 jam, dan fraksi air dengan perlakuan hidrolisis asam selama 3 jam berturut-turut sebesar 75,65 μg/mL, 98,68 μg/mL, 36,27 μg/mL dan 33,36 μg/mL pada daun mengkudu. Sedangkan pada batang brotowali nilainya 33,75 μg/mL, 52,29 μg/mL, 31,12 μg/mL dan 18,26 μg/mL. Proses hidrolisis dapat mengubah profil fitokimia fraksi air dan meningkatkan aktivitas penangkapan radikalnya
Optimization of Formula Granule of Lempuyang Gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L) J.E.Smith) Rhizome Purified Extract as a Larvicide
Get PDFLempuyang gajah rhizome (Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith is considered potential as larvicidal. A previous study has shown that the purified extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome was toxic against Adese aegypti larvae. The aim of the study it to formulate a purified extract of Z. zerumbet (L) Smith in granule preparations by combining Sodium starch glycolate, PVP K-30 and tween 80. The granule formulation was optimized by the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with using Design expert program 7.1.5. The results showed that the interaction of the three components can increase the flow rate index, the angle of repose, and reduce absorption. The optimum formula obtained was Sodium starch glycolate 2%, PVP K-30 2%, and Tween 80 5%. The analysis of one sample t-test shows that there is no significant difference between the predicted parameter values and the experimental results of the flow rate index and angle of repose, while the absorption response is significantly different. The optimum formula for granules has larvicidal activity with 100% larval death during 12-hour treatment
The Combination of Black Soybean Tempeh and Purple Sweet Potato Affect Reactive Oxygen Species and Malondialdehyde Level in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Get PDFHyperglycemia conditions increase free radicals in the body that cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress increase lipid peroxidation activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS). An antioxidant can prevent a free radical movement. The materials that contain potent antioxidants are black soybeans tempeh (BST) and purple sweet potatoes (PSP). The antioxidants in the BST are isoflavones with their derivates, and PSP is anthocyanins. This study aimed to determine the effect of BST and PSP extract on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In this study, rats were given a high-fat diet, 10% sucrose drink, and injected with multiple low-dose streptozotocin to induce T2DM. The animal's experiment divided into six groups: healthy rats, DM rats, DM rats + glibenclamide, DM rats + combination of BST and PSP in 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 respectively. ROS levels were determined using the ELISA method and MDA levels were determined using spectrophotometer according to Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) method. Our result suggests that the combination of BST and PSP significantly reduces ROS and MDA levels
Screening of Extraction Process and The Estimation of Total Alkaloids in Carica papaya Linn. Leaf
Get PDFThe papaya leaf decoctions have been widely used as a traditional treatment for malaria. The alkaloid of papaya leaves, carpaine, is reported to have the antiplasmodial activity in vitro. The industrial-scale commercial product development requires the quantification of the carpaine, and total alkaloids in the papaya leave as the raw materials. This study aims to optimize the extraction process leading to the highest yield and total alkaloids. The extraction process was carried out using different methods and solvents. The first method was maceration with the water-miscible solvent of ethanol: distilled water: HCl 37% (89: 10: 1 v/v/v). The second method was maceration with the water-immiscible solvent of dichloromethane solvents in pH 8-9 with ammonium hydroxide. The third method was digestion with acid water solvent of 0.05 N HCl. The identification of alkaloids employed the analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Dragendroff reagent. The quantification of carpaine used a densitometer, while the spectrophotometric method was used to estimate the total alkaloids. The results showed that despite the extraction methods used, the tested extracts confirm the alkaloids content with the highest yield of 3.09% (84.72% of total alkaloids)
FORMULASI EKSTRAK ETANOL UMBI BAWANG TIWAI (Eleutherine americana) DALAM SEDIAAN KRIM ANTI ACNE
Get PDFBawang tiwai (Eleutherine americana) have antibacterial effect to Sthapylococus epidermis. This study was conducted to formulate an ethanolic extract of bawang tiwai into antiacne cream preparations, thus Dayak community empirically considered use this as an antiacne and boils. Formula (F) was made by varying the concentration of the ethanolic extract namely: F1 (1%), F2 (2%) and F3 (4%). Anti acne cream formulation tested with phytochemical screening, organoleptic (smell, color, homogenity), type of cream, cream dispersive test, and antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Phytochemical screening result shows that its contains alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins, organoleptic test showed stability in F3, antiacne cream has a pH value = 6. Dispersive cream generated meets the requirements with a range of 5-7 cm. Cream type is type O / W (oil in water). Test result by using agar diffusion method with Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) medium, inhibition zone obtained in the negative control (0), F1 (0), F2 (5.17 ± 0,19mm) and F3 (6 ± 0,17mm), LSD oneway ANOVA showed 95% (p <0.05) compared F3 all treatments. This study antiacne cream of F3 (concentration of the ethanolic extract of bawang tiwai 4%) is the best formula with the greatest potential in the medium category against Staphylococcus epidermidis.Bawang tiwai (Eleutherine americana) have antibacterial effect to Sthapylococus epidermis. This study was conducted to formulate an ethanolic extract of bawang tiwai into antiacne cream preparations, thus Dayak community empirically considered use this as an antiacne and boils. Formula (F) was made by varying the concentration of the ethanolic extract namely: F1 (1%), F2 (2%) and F3 (4%). Anti acne cream formulation tested with phytochemical screening, organoleptic (smell, color, homogenity), type of cream, cream dispersive test, and antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Phytochemical screening result shows that its contains alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins, organoleptic test showed stability in F3, antiacne cream has a pH value = 6. Dispersive cream generated meets the requirements with a range of 5-7 cm. Cream type is type O / W (oil in water). Test result by using agar diffusion method with Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) medium, inhibition zone obtained in the negative control (0), F1 (0), F2 (5.17 ± 0,19mm) and F3 (6 ± 0,17mm), LSD oneway ANOVA showed 95% (p <0.05) compared F3 all treatments. This study antiacne cream of F3 (concentration of the ethanolic extract of bawang tiwai 4%) is the best formula with the greatest potential in the medium category against Staphylococcus epidermidis
Characterization and Analysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Waste of PT Kharisma Alam Persada South Borneo
Get PDFEmpty oil palm bunches are the largest solid waste produced from the palm oil industry processing. In processing 1 ton of fresh palm oil bunches, 230 Kg of empty palm oil bunches will be produced. Based on previous research, it is known that oil palm empty fruit bunches waste is proven to have a large amount of organic mass such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin. Organic content as mentioned is rich in benefits so that it can be used as raw material for making daily needs products ranging from food to complementary products such as household appliances, clothing and so on. For this reason, a study was conducted on the content of oil palm empty bunches originating from waste at PT. Kharisma Alam Persada. The characterization process was carried out using the SNI method 0128911992. From the research carried out it was found that the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content were 55.75%; 28.93% and 15.32% respectively. So that it is possible to be used as raw material for processing other products
Behavioral Improvements and its Molecular Mechanism of Ilex kudingcha C.J. Tseng on Animal Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Get PDFAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease with well-defined pathophysiological mechanisms. Ilex kudingcha (IK) C.J. Tseng is commonly known as bitter tea or “Khom” tea in Vietnam. The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-dementia effect of IK using olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice. OBX mice were daily treated with IK extract (540 mg/kg) or reference drug, tacrine (2.5 mg/kg) 1 week before and continuously for 3 days after the OBX surgery. The object recognition test, modified Y maze test and fear conditioning test were employed to analyze non-spatial short-term, spatial short-term and long-term memories of the mice respectively. Administration of IK extract and tacrine attenuated these OBX-induced cognitive deficits in mice. The effects of IK and tacrine on spatial short-term memory impairment were reversed by scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist. The amyloid-beta (Aβ) production in adult transgenic Drosophila brain flies was also investigated by using Western blotting with APP-HA antibody. These results indicated that IK extract improves short-term and long-term memory disturbances in OBX mice and that muscarinic receptor may play a role on these actions. In addition, our result also showed that IK extract reduces the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brain of AD model using Drosophila melanogaster
Optimization of Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) for Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata Linn.) Chloroform Extract
Get PDFSoursop leaf chloroform extract has anticancer activity. The active ingredient of soursop leaf was acetogenin polypoid derivatives that have a lipophilic characteristic, and less effective to achieve action targets of drugs in biological systems. The Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) was an effective drug delivery technique that increases the solubility of lipophilic drugs. This study aims to determine the proportion of optimum SMEDDS formula using Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method. The Formula of SMEDDS was prepared using a combination of Tween 80-Croduret, Propylene Glycol, and Candlenut oil. Optimization formula with SLD method using Design-Expert software based on physical stability parameters there are the percent of transmittance and emulsification time. The optimum formula of SMEDDS was compared with SLD prediction formula using a statistical analysis t-test, then test of loading dose extract, stability test accelerated by centrifugation, particle size, and zeta potential. The proportion of optimum composition of Tween 80-Croduret, Propylene Glycol, and Candlenut oil of SMEDDS was 60.87%; 24.13%; 15.00% respectively. Results of transmittance 41.14±3.78% and emulsification time 119.0±2.08 seconds. The predicted SLD value for the transmittance percent was 55.0% and the emulsification time was 119.59 seconds. The result of the statistical analysis of one sample t-test showed no significant difference between observation results and SLD prediction. The SMEDDS system has F value of 0.99 and capable to load 25.0 mg chloroform extract of soursop leaf each system with an average particle size of 440 nm and zeta potential of +21.5 mV.
Potential of Miana Leaf Extract as Expectorant (Profile Place of Growing, Antioxidant, Sputum Contaminants, Antibacterial, MIC, MKC Expectorant)
Get PDFResearch has been conducted on the treatment of phlegm cough with miana leaf extract in vitro (effective dose of miana leaf extract as an expectorant and antibacterial agent causing cough with phlegm). The study aims to compare the antioxidant activity of miana leaves from 3 locations where it grows, determine the types of contaminant bacteria in the sputum of cough sufferers, determine the minimum value of inhibitor concentration (MIC) and MKC of miana leaves against the test bacteria causing cough with phlegm, determine the effective dose of miana leaves that can used as a reference for coughing up phlegm and proving the potential of miana leaves as a sputum thinner. Miana leaf extraction is done by the juicer method. Antioxidant activity testing uses the DPPH method. Determination of test bacteria is done by isolating and identifying contaminant bacteria in the sputum sample of cough with phlegm. Testing the effectiveness of miana leaves against test bacteria is determined by the liquid dilution method. Expectorant activity testing was determined by measuring the viscosity of mucus viscosity of cow intestine treated with miana leaf extract. The results found that antioxidant activity was influenced by the location where miana leaves grew with an antioxidant potential of IC72 0.072 mg/ml - 0.76 mg/ml. Contaminant bacteria from sputum samples of cough patients are Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterobacter agglomerans. MIC values for contaminant bacteria are 0.1% - 0.75% and MKC values are found between 0.25% - 1.75%. miana leaf extract has the potential as a sputum thinner at a concentration of 0.01% - 0.1%. The recommended dose of miana leaf extract as a cough with phlegm is 1.75% w/v