Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Combined with Propolis on Porphyromonas gingivalis
Get PDFCarbonated hydroxyapatite is ideal as a bone graft material because it has similar organic matters to the bone, excellent osteoconductive properties, and good biodegradation in the body. Hydroxyapatite contains the risk of being contaminated by bacteria called Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in the oral cavity because it has no vascularization, therefore, facilitating adhesion of bacteria, and when applied in the oral cavity, it may cause an infection that then inhibits healing. Thus, it is necessary to use a material that has an antibacterial effect with low potential of causing resistance to treat the postsurgical infection properly. Propolis has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, and immunomodulatory activities. Propolis contains a large number of flavonoids and phenols. The phenol compound in propolis is usually called caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and it has a good antibacterial property. The study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effect of carbonated hydroxyapatite when immersed with different propolis concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% for 24 h and to measure the zone of inhibition against P. gingivalis. The Kruskal–Wallis test resulted in p = 0.00 (p < 0.05), indicating that there were significant differences among the test groups. The data processing was followed by Mann–Whitney U-test, and the results showed a significant difference in the group of carbonated hydroxyapatite-10 % propolis compared with the other groups. Inhibition zone of carbonated hydroxyapatite that immersed with propolis 10% showed the largest mean of diameters zone of inhibition
Effect of Ozonated Olive Oil in Topical Application towards Osteoblast Number and Angiogenesis of Alveolar Bone in Periodontitis Healing Process (in vivo study in Sprague dawley Rats)
Get PDFOzonated olive oil has been widely used as a local infection therapy to overcome bacterial resistance from antibiotics with systemic administration. However, the disadvantage of systemic antibiotics is it cannot be used in large doses for local infection therapy. Periodontitis is an infectious disease that causes alveolar bone damage. In the periodontitis healing process, osteoblasts and angiogenesis play essential roles in bone regeneration. The study aims to determine the effect of topical application ozonated olive oil to osteoblasts number and angiogenesis of alveolar bone in periodontitis healing process using in vivo study. 32 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the treatment and placebo groups, 16 rats in each group. The induction of periodontitis was performed by ligating lower incisor with silk ligature for seven days. The treatment group received ozonated olive oil, and the placebo group received 1 % of CMC-Na twice a day. Four rats from each group were necropsied on day 3, 5, 7, and 14 and then processed into histological sample preparations by hematoxylin-eosin staining and counted the number of osteoblast and blood vessels. All collected data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and posthoc LSD test. The average number of osteoblasts, blood vessels in the treatment group were significantly higher than the placebo group (p <0.05) either on day 3, 5, 7, and 14. Results showed the ozonated olive oil increase the regeneration of alveolar bone in the periodontitis healing process in Sprague Dawley. Therefore ozonated olive oil has the effect of periodontal tissue regeneration
AKTIVITAS SITOTOKSIK HASIL PARTISI ETIL ASETAT EKSTRAK PETROLEUM ETER DAN EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN KAYU APU (Pistiae Folium)
Get PDFThis study aims to explore the cytotoxic test (LC50) towards Artemia salina L. larvae of the partition ethyl acetate fractions from methanol extracts and petroleum ether (PE) extracts of Pistiae folium. The leaves of Pistiae folium was extracted using solvents soxhletation with methanol solvent and petroleum ether solvent. Both extracts successively partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate, respectively. Identification of secondary metabolites was using phytochemical screening method and TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). TLC analysis was using the eluent chloroform: methanol 3: 1 by citroboric acid spot analysis. The cytotoxic activity was using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The result of partition from methanol extracts was 6.25% and from PE extracts was 0.69%. The phytochemical screening test showed that it contained flavonoids, saponins and steroids. The TLC analysis identified flavonoid compounds. The cytotoxic activity (LC50) of the ethyl acetate partition from methanol extracts and petroleum ether extracts of Pistiae folium were 79.9298mg/mL and 51.7608mg/mL, respectively. The result showed that the cytotoxic activity of ethyl acetate fractions partitined from methanol extract of Pistiae folium was higher than the PE extracts.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi uji sitotoksis (LC50) larva Artemia salina L. dari hasil partisi etil asetat ekstrak petroleum eter (PE) dan ekstrak metanol daun kayu apu (Pistiae folium). Daun kayu apu diekstraksi menggunakan metode sokletasi dengan pelarut PE dan pelarut metanol. Kedua ekstrak berturut- turut dipartisi dengan n-heksan dan etil asetat. Identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder menggunakan metode skrining fitokimia dan KLT. Analisis KLT menggunakan eluen kloroform : metanol 3:1 dengan reaksi penampak sitroborat. Uji aktivitas sitotoksik dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Rendemen hasil partisi ekstrak PE sebanyak 0,69% dan methanol sebanyak 6,25%. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan adanya senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan steroid. Analisis KLT teridentifikasi positif senyawa flavonoid. Aktivitas sitotoksis LC50 hasil partisi etil asetat terhadap ekstrak metanol dan ekstrak PE daun kayu apu berturut-turut 79,9298μg/mL dan 51,7608μg/mL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas sitotoksis hasil partisi etil asetat dari ekstrak metanol daun kayu apu lebih tinggi daripada pada ekstrak PE
Synergism of Antioxidant Activity Combination of Buas-Buas (Premnaserratifolia Linn.), Meniran (Phyllanthusniruri L.), Secang (Caesalpiniasappan) and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdarifa) Extracts
Get PDFBuas-buas, meniran, secang, and rosella have biological and pharmacological activities as antioxidants. The combination of the four plants is expected to provide a more potent synergistic effect on antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the total phenol content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant effects before and after combination. The combination of extracts, buas-buas, meniran, secang, and rosella which are used in sequence is (1: 1: 1/2: 1/2), (1: 2: 1/2: 1/2), and (2: 1 : 1/2: 1/2). Plants used in the form of simplicia was extracted by maceration method. Radical capture activity uses DPPH and IC50 values are determined. Determination of total phenol is expressed equivalent to gallic acid. Total flavonoids are expressed as quercetin equivalents. The phenol and flavonoid content obtained are then correlated with antiradical activity. The results showed that the best IC50 values were in the combination of ratios (1: 1: 1/2: 1/2) that is (11.0 µg / mL), then (1: 2: 1/2: 1/2) which was 13.3 µg / mL, and (2: 1: 1/2: 1/2) which is 19.4 µg / mL. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content in the ratio (1: 2: 1/2: 1/2) is 33.57% w/w EAG and 74.00% w/w EQ. Correlation analysis between IC50 values with total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed a positive correlation with R2 values of 0.8236 and 0.0102 with positive slope. Thus, it can be concluded that the total phenol content influences free radical scavenging activity by 82.36%, while the effect of total flavonoid content was only 1.02%
Effect of Swiftlet’s (Collocalia Fuciphago) Nest Extract on the Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxyde Dismutase (SOD) Activity on Hyperglycemic Rattus Norvegicius
No full textHyperglycemia that occurs in diabetic Mellitus leads to glycation reactions in protein molecules and oxidative stress resulting in damage to cells and organs. Swiftlet’s nest believed society could lower blood glucose. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Swiftlet’s nest (Collocalia fuciphago) extract on glucose level, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in blood serum. The study used Posttest-Only with Control Group Design, consisting of 1 control group (given aqua dest) and 3 treatment groups (dose 1; 10 and 100 mg/kg BW). Each group consisted of 6 Rattus norvegicius. Before being treated, Streptozotocin-induced rat at a dose of 68 mg/kg BW intraperitoneal. On the 7th day after induction, rats had elevated glucose ± 102 - 108 mg/dL. Then the rats were given water extract Swiftlet’s nest for 28 days orally. All data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test, with a 95% confidence level. The results of blood glucose levels in each group (K, P1, P2 and P3) were 111.0 vs 88.5 vs 86 vs 83 mg / dL (p = 0.035), MDA levels experienced an increase in the treatment group compared to controls namely 193.50 vs 193.83 vs. 198.50 nmol / mL, p = 0.001. While the SOD enzyme activity has increased, namely 0.0050 vs. 0.0075 vs. 0.0263%. In conclusion, Swiftlet’s nest water extract can reduce blood glucose levels and increase MDA levels and SOD enzyme activity in blood serum.
Formulation, Physical Quality Evaluation, and Antioxidant Activity of Body Butter of Ethanol Extract of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel
Get PDFDragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has polyphenols as an antioxidant. It has known that the antioxidant content of dragon fruit peels was more than in the flesh, so it can be used as a source of natural antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants. The use of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel, especially as topical preparations in the form of body butter, was still rarely done, whereas dragon fruit peel as an antioxidant can be used as an active ingredient of cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to obtain the body butter formula of ethanol extract of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel and its physical quality evaluation, to know the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel and its body butter. This research was an experimental study with the stages of research consisting of determination of native plants, making ethanol extract of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel, ensuring its activity antioxidant, performing body butter formulation procedures, carrying out physical quality evaluation such as organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spread, protection, and adhesion ability, then antioxidant activity of its body butter. The result of this research showed that the ethanol extract of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel has a moderate level of antioxidant (Antioxidant Activity Index / AAI = 0,88). Furthermore, body butter which has contains antioxidant content of ethanol extract of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel as much as 0.5% has the best physical quality evaluation during storage and the highest AAI (0,54) among other body butter formulas
Cytotoxic Activities of (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) Ethanolic Extract and Its Fractions on Human Colon Cancer Cell WiDr
Get PDFColon cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Treatments for colon cancer might cause major side effects, hence increase opportunities for the development of new cancer drugs. One of the plants that potential to develop as an anticancer agent is daun ungu (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff). From previous studies, G.pictum had cytotoxic activity against several cancerous cell lines. Traditionally, G.pictum leaves have been used for hemorrhoid treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of G.pictum ethanolic extract and its fractions on human colon cancer WiDr cells and to elucidate the compounds contained in most active extracts/fractions. G.pictum was extracted using 70% ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, respectively. The yield of the extract obtained was 18.9%. The yield of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water fractions were 1.07%, 2.93%, 10.26%, and 84.82%, respectively. The cytotoxic activity was carried out on WiDr cells using the MTT assay. Cytotoxic activity was determined based on IC50 values. IC50 value of extract, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol-water fraction obtained on WiDr cells were 1527,58; 143,97; 507,19; 3538,67 and 3186,60 μg/mL. The hexane fraction containing terpenoids and phenolics showed the highest cytotoxic activities against WiDr colon cancer cells
The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Humic Acid from Borneo Peat Soil in Mice
Get PDFHumic acid is a humus compound found in peat soil. Humic acid can potentially be used as an anti-inflammatory compound. This study aimed to determine the effect of humic acid on the volume of foot mice edema and to find the best dose that can suppress the degree of edema volume. The animal object was Swiss mice weighing 25-30 grams and 3 months old. The study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with positive control, negative control and humic acid treatment with dose 62.5 mg kg-1BW, 125 mg kg-1BW, and 250 mg kg-1BW. The result of this research showed that edema inhibition by the administration of humic acid dose 62,5; 125; 250 mg kg-1 had inflammatory inhibition percentage 2.67%, 13.34%, and 20.01% respectively in 5-hour observation. The best dose of humic acid to suppress inflammation in the mice's paw is a humic acid dose of 250 mg kg-1 compared with value 23.3% of sodium diclofenac as the positive control
Immunomodulatory Activity of Combination of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Piper crocatum on Macrophage Phagocytosis In Vitro
Get PDFResearch on the activity of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume and Piper crocatum have been conducted and showed various immunomodulatory activity. This study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of the combination of the ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Piper crocatum by determining its macrophages phagocytic index and macrophages phagocytic capacity. Therefore, such a combination could be an alternative drug to increase immune response. In this study, the extraction procedure was carried out through maceration by using an ethanolic solvent. Combinations of herbs ethanol extract were varied in four groups of combination, at three different concentrations of 1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml for each group. Macrophages were isolated from the peritoneum cavity of male mice (Mus musculus), and its phagocytic activity was quantified through the Leijh method (1986). The phagocytic index and phagocytic capacity of macrophages were determined by using latex beads as a trigger of phagocytosis and compared with negative controls of media, DMSO, and four groups of ethanolic extract combinations in different concentrations. The results indicate that all of combination group ethanol extract with a concentration of 10 μg/ml was significantly (p<0.05) optimum activated phagocytic index. Therefore the combination of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Piper crocatum, and Thyphonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume ethanolic extract might be prospective to increase nonspecific immune response
The Usage of Extract of Purple Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) as Color of Lipstick
Get PDFPurple fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the natural ingredients that contain natural colour pigments are anthocyanin. Anthocyanin is a water soluble pigments which is naturally found in various type of plants. This study aims to make lipstick preparations using the purple fleshed sweet potato extract (Ipomoea batatas L.) as a natural dye. The method is used to get anthocyanin as a color of lipstick by using maceration extraction method. The weight of sample is 250 grams of dried fleshed purple sweet potato. The liquid for maceration used of 95% ethanol. The condition of maceration is acid by using 2% of citric acid. The filtrate of maceration process must be thickened. The basis of lipstick components consisted of cera alba, lanolin, cetyl alcohol, paraffin solid, oleum ricini, propylene glycol, and nipasol. The concentration of fleshed purple sweet potato extract is 0%, 2.4%, 4.5% and 14.6%. The result of research is that the lipstick is easy to apply, unstable color, homogenous, melting point above 500C, pH of 6 and all lipstick have an breaking point when load at 330 grams. Extract of purple fleshed sweet potato can’t be used as a pigment color in the manufacture of lipstick but additional material is needed that can keep the lipstick color from being degraded by pH, storage temperature, light, enzymes, oxygenation, sugar, structural differences in anthocyanins and concentrations of anthocyanins