Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Analgesic and Antipyretic Effects of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel Extract in White Male Rats
Get PDFRed dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is a tropical fruit that is currently cultivated in all tropical parts of the world. It is popular to consume its fruit flesh, while the peel is often thrown away. This red dragon fruit peel (RDFPE) is known to possess lots of phytochemical compounds with multitudes of usage, amongst them as an analgesic and antipyretic. Therefore, the active compounds of RDFPE play an important role in the natural product. This study aims to observe and analyze the analgetic and antipyretic activity possessed by red dragon fruit peel. This study is an in-vivo experiment on 25 white male rats divided into five groups, in which each group receive Na CMC, acetaminophen, and the other three groups will receive three different doses of RDFPE (500 mg/kg, 750 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg), respectively. Acetic acid writhing and tail immersion methods were performed to induce inflammation and Brewer’s yeast injection performed induced pyrexia. In the investigation of the acetic acid writhing test, the intervention was administered before induction, and for the tail immersion test, induction was given before and after the intervention was administered. Meanwhile, in brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia, the rectal temperature was measured before induction, 24 hours after induction, and each hour for five four after the intervention; intervention was administered 24 hours after induction. This study found that RDFPE at the dose of 750 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg are effective as an analgesic by reducing the average writhing and delaying the tail retraction of the experiment subject and also effective as an antipyretic by reducing the elevated temperature of the experiment subject (p<0.05). This study concludes that RDFPE possesses analgesic and antipyretic activity, especially at the higher dose. Phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids and flavonoids are most likely responsible for this analgesic and antipyretic activity by inhibiting inflammation activity
Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Banana Peels, Pineapple Peels, and Combination Extracts of both Peels as Raw Materials in the Development of Hard Candy
Get PDFKepok banana and pineapple are horticultural commodities found in West Kalimantan. The two fruits are generally used as processed foods such as fried bananas and pineapple jam. The use of fruit as food often leaves the peel as a by-product, which can produce waste twice the weight of the food consumed. Meanwhile, waste utilization is an innovation in food processing into functional products which are developed into hard candy. Therefore, this research aims to the specific and non-specific characterization of raw materials for making candy, namely the combination of banana and pineapple peel extract (KP-KN). The characterization is organoleptic tests on the content of ethanol-soluble and water-soluble extracts. The Total phenolic content was determined by the Follin ciocalticeu method with UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Furthermore, antioxidant activity tests with DPPH and FRAP methods using UV/Vis spectrophotometry and ELISA to determine antioxidant activity. The mineral content was observed using the molybdate vandalate method with UV/vis spectrophotometry and ICP-MS, Heavy metal contamination using the ICP-MS tool, and microbial contamination using the plate method. Moreover, the infundation process was carried out on banana and pineapple peels, and the results were evaporated using a food dehydrator to obtain a combination extract. The results showed that the organoleptically KP-KN combination extract had a bitter taste, pineapple smells, 15.57% ash content, ethanol soluble extract content of 55.10%, and 47.99% water-soluble extract. Also, the total phenolic of 6.22 g/Kg, as well as the mineral content of Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Zinc (Zn), and Phosphorus (P), which were 47.23 g/Kg, 291.43 mg/Kg, <1x10-6 g/Kg, 2.59x10-3 g/Kg, and 2.38 g/Kg, respectively. Meanwhile, the heavy metal and bacterial contamination test showed that Arsenic (As), Sn, Mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were <1x10-6 g/Kg and Cadmium (Cd) was 0.0293. In the microbial contamination test with bacterial components including the ALT test, a value of 4.83 x 103 cfu/g was found, and there was no contamination from E.coli, mold, and yeast bacteria, DPPH and FRAP methods showed antioxidant activity combination extract banana peels and pineapple peels with values of 1390.96±2.83 mg/L and 4542.81±1.10 mg/L compare antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid as standard is 2.13 mg/L and 4.83 mg/L. The test with the KP-KN combined extract can be used as a raw material for making hard candy because it contains minerals needed by the body, meets the safety and quality requirements of traditional medicines, and has antioxidant activity in vitro
Standardization of Simplicia Golden Sea Cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan
Get PDFStandardization of medicinal ingredients and drug preparations is a requirement to ensure reproducibility of pharmaceutical and therapeutic quality. With standardization, it is hoped that it can further increase trust in medicines derived from natural ingredients. Golden sea cucumber is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as raw material for wound healing ointment preparations. The main content in golden sea cucumbers that play a role in wound healing is protein. This study aims to standardize the Simplicia of golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) originating from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan. Standardization uses physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters like raw material requirements for standardized herbal medicines (OHT). The test is carried out in the laboratory using the method according to SNI. The results of the Simplicia test of golden sea cucumbers from Pelapis Island, West Kalimantan, included water content of 9.57%, zinc 9.32 mg/kg, cadmium < 0.030 mg/kg, copper < 0.030 mg/kg, lead < 0.066 mg/kg , mercury < 0.007 mg/kg, Total Plate Number 8.0 x 103 colonies/g, E.Coli < 3 APM/gr and Salmonella negative have fulfilled the requirements. The results of the Simplicia test of golden sea cucumbers include 13.4% ash content, 1.52% acid insoluble ash, 36.1% protein, 1.39% total fat, 13.1 mg/kg magnesium, and 10.6 mg iron. /kg. The results of the phytochemical screening of golden sea cucumber Simplicia were positive for containing alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenoids
Prediction of Anti-SARS CoV-2 Activity from Green Tea Catechin (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) Compound Against To Receptors Non-structural Protein 3 (6W6Y) And Non-structural Protein 5 (6M2N)
Get PDFGreen tea catechin compounds (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) have an antiviral activity such as influenza, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, herpes simplex virus, HIV, and proven in vitro antiviral influenza against NSP5 in SARS CoV. These considerations are used in this study using Non-structural Protein (NSP), namely NSP3 and NSP5 in SARS CoV-2, which have a role in viral replication and transcription. This study aims to predict the physicochemical properties according to the five rules of Lipinski's using swissADME. Prediction of toxicity with LD50 classification using the Protox II online tool. Catechin compound activity based on ligand interaction with NSP3 (PDB ID: 6W6Y) and NSP5 (PDB ID: 6M2N) receptors using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) 6.0. The results showed the predictions of physicochemical properties of the (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), and (-)-epicatechin (EC) compounds fulfilled the five rules of Lipinski's. Catechin compounds have toxicity at levels 4 and 6. The activity of catechin compounds on NSP3 (PDB ID: 6W6Y) and NSP5 (PDB ID: 6M2N) receptors indicated that all catechin compounds had inhibitory activity. The best potential activity compound is (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) with a rerank score of -102.8200 and -134.1800 Kcal/mol so that EGCG can be recommended as a candidate for the SARS CoV-2 antiviral compound
Subcrhonic Toxicity of Curcuma longa (Tumeric) Rhizoma Extract on Rats
No full textToxicity is a condition that indicates a harmful effect contained in a substance such as turmeric, which is an effective traditional medicinal plant used for antihypertensive treatment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of repeated dosing of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizome extract. This subchronic toxicity study was divided into 4 groups, namely 1 normal treated with 0.5% Na-CMC, and 3 treatments with turmeric extract at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 28 days with each group consisting of 5 males and 5 female Wistar rats. The results showed that the turmeric extract at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW did not cause toxicity to liver and kidney biochemistry nor contain any toxic substances that might cause anemia or other abnormalities. Furthermore, histopathological examination showed that the tissues were normal. This indicates that the turmeric rhizome extract at all dose variations indicate non-toxic when used in traditional medicine
Physical Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Pee-Off Gel Mask Ethanol Extract of Buas-buas Leaf (Premna serratifolia L.)
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the physical stability and antioxidant activity of peel-off gel mask ethanol extract of buas-buas leaf (Premna serratifolia L.). The ethanol extract of buas-buas leaves was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol solvent, then concentrated using a rotary evaporator to get a thick extract. Formulation EEDB into a peel-off gel mask with a concentration of each EEDB (FI: 1%, FII: 2%, FIII : 3%). The EEDB peel-off gel mask formula was tested for physical stability by cycling test method using a climatic chamber at a temperature of 40°C ± 2°C and 4°C ± 2°C for six cycles. The tests included organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and drying time. An antioxidant test was carried out using the DPPH method. The results of the physical stability test on the three EEDB peel-off gel mask formulas (FI: 1%, FII: 2%, FIII: 3%) showed good physical stability because there was no significant difference during six storage cycles (P>0.05) with the results of the preparation have a characteristic aroma of oleum citri, brownish-green in color, have a thick, homogeneous texture, meet the requirements of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and drying time. The stability test results of the antioxidant activity of the peel-off gel mask EEDB in the three formulas showed no significant change (P>0.05). The antioxidant activity during six storage cycles with the highest average percent inhibition before and after the cycling test, namely in Formula III, was 77.20 ± 0.28%
The Spectometric Quantification of Total Content of Flavonoid, Phenol, and Alkaloid in Kesum leaf (Polygonum minus Huds) from West Borneo with Methanol and Ethanol Solvent
Get PDFKesum (Polygonum minus Huds) is one of the typical plants that grow in West Borneo. The Kesum leaves are the part which is mostly used. Kesum leaves contain a lot of phytochemical compounds. This study quantitatively determined the total phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid contents in methanol and ethanolic extract of Polygonum minus Huds leaves using a spectrophotometric method. The samples were extracted by maceration. The content was determined by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Based on the assay result, the methanol extract contained a total of phenolic 49.351±0.430 ppmEAG (equivalent to gallic acid); total of flavonoids 44.128±0.116ppmEQ (quercetin equivalent); total of alkaloids 356,798±1,004ppmEP (piperine equivalent). The 96% ethanol extract contained total of phenol 46,196±0.329ppmEAG; total of flavonoids 34,969±0.116ppmEQ; total of alkaloids 183.525±0.766ppmEP. The 70% ethanol extract contained total of phenol 64.189+0.215ppmEAG; total of flavonoids 27.834±0.158ppmEQ; total of alkaloids 432,947±1,533ppmEP. The ethanol extract 50% contained total of phenol 67,343±0.164ppmEAG; total of flavonoids 26.063±0.158ppmEQ; total of alkaloids 679,142±2,525ppmEP. All of the results are preliminary data for further research, especially for the isolation of compounds with specific targets or for utilization as main ingredients for traditional medicine
Accelerated Stability Test of Snakehead Fish Extract (Channa striata) and Kelulut Honey (Heterotrigona itama) Ointment Combination with BHT as an Antioxidant
Get PDFThe oil phase of adeps lanae was used as a basis in the ointment formulation with snakehead fish extract and kelulut honey, which influences wound healing. Adeps lanae has the potential to become rancid due to the high water content in it (25-30%). The use of oil-soluble antioxidants such as Butyl Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) can overcome the rancidity in oil. This study aimed to see how adding BHT as an antioxidant affects the ointment's stability. The ointment is prepared in three different BHT concentrations: F1 (0.0075%), F2 (0.05%), F3 (0.1%), and a control for comparison. Organoleptic tests, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, protection power, and acid number were used to evaluate the stability of the preparation over 28 days at 40 ± 2°C / RH 75 ± 5%. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA. The addition of BHT affected the preparation's spreadability, adhesion, and acid number but did not affect the organoleptic, homogeneity, or protective power. At F3, there is a significant difference in spreadability (5.57 ± 0.21 cm) and adhesion (89.00±2.00 seconds) based on statistical analysis. F3 is the best ointment based on the physical characteristics test results and the minimum increase in acid number (8.83 mg KOH/g)
The Potency of Alpinia galanga as Natural Antioxidant
Get PDFAn antioxidant is a chemical compound that can bind free radicals in the body. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) is a reaction that involves oxygen. ROS consists of free radicals and non-radical ones. The imbalance between ROS and antioxidants can cause oxidative stress, one of the factors contributing to the development of numerous diseases. This study aims to evaluate the possible antioxidant activity of lengkuas extract (LE), which may be employed as a medicine component to reduce ROS. The method that used in this research were total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), NO scavenging, 2,2′-Azinobis(3-Ethylbenzthiazoline-6-Sulfonate) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The result shows that the TPC of LE was 6.80 ± 0.34 (GAE) µg/mg with gallic acid standard and the TFC was 3.39 ± 0.06 µg/mg by quercetin standard. The IC50 value of LE were 121.20; 87.65; 139.94; 181.09 µg/ml by ABTS, DPPH, NO, and H2O2 assay respectively. The scavenging activity of LE was increased with a higher concentration in every method. In conclusion, Alpinia galanga has the potential as an antioxidant. Thus, it can be widely consumed or used as a mixture in medicine to reduce ROS
Phytochemical, GC-MS Analysis, and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract Coir and Shell U Groh (Cocos nucifera L.)
Get PDFU Groh is a coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in which the meat has not been formed yet, and its shell is consumed as a salad by the Acehnese people. This study aims to determine the phytochemicals, GC-MS analysis, and activity of coir and shell U Groh against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria. Chemical compounds were analyzed using reagents and GC-MS. Antibacterial activity was tested using well diffusion with concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 40%. Coir and shells contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. GC-MS analysis shows the coir contains 20 compounds, among others Alpha. - Bisabololoxide B-Acetate, Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9 octadecenoic acid methyl ester, Stigmasterol, and gamma. -Sitosterol, whereas 16 compounds for the shell Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, and Stigmast-5-en-3-ol. The highest activity of coir and shell U Groh against E. coli and S. aureus was a concentration of 40%. The antibacterial activity of U Groh coir and shell extract was more effective in inhibiting S. aureus than E. coli. Coir ethanol extract and its shell formed inhibition zones with diameters of 13.7 mm and 13.4 mm, respectively, against S. aureus, and the diameters against E. coli were 11.3 mm and 11.03 mm, respectively. The extract ethanol of coir and shell U Groh has good potential as an antibacterial