Majalah Obat Tradisional
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Morphoanatomy and Screening Metabolites Profile of Pararuellia napifera (Zoll.) Bremek. & Nann.-Bremek. (Gempur Batu) at Different Altitudes
Full text linkPararuellia napifera (Zoll.) Bremek. & Nann.-Bremek. (Gempur Batu) is a wild plant that can thrive in tropical areas and is traditionally used to treat nephrolithiasis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the morphological, anatomical, and secondary metabolite profiles of P. napifera that grow at different altitudes. This study was conducted using a purposive sampling survey method in the lowlands (800 m.a.s.l) in Banyumas, Central Java. The results show that P. napifera at both altitudes has a shrub habitus with fibrous roots, creeping round stems, alternated simple leaves, verticillaster compound flowers, and oval-shaped fruits (foliculus) with blackish-brown color flattened round seeds. P. napifera in lowland regions exhibit greater morphological characteristics compared to those in highland areas, with an average height of 18.5 cm in contrast to 12.64 cm. The habitus of P. napifera in lowland regions also indicates larger stem diameters and leaf sizes. Anatomical analysis of the roots stems, and leaves of P. napifera from both lowland and highland regions reveals a consistent tissue arrangement, although differences are observed in the structure of the transport tissues. Meanwhile, the result of phytochemical screening shows that the roots and leaves extracts contain flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins
Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) Characterization and Radical Scavenging Activity Ziziphus spina-christi (Rhamnaceae) Rootbark Fractions
Full text linkThis study focused on the secondary metabolite characterization and radical scavenging activity of the chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EF), and aqueous fractions (AF) of Ziziphus spina-christi to ascertain its therapeutic potential against oxidative stress. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) characterization and determination of in vitro radical scavenging activity of the plant were carried out. Alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids were present in all the fractions with steroids absent in the AF. The FTIR characterization detected alcohol, conjugated alkenes, and amine groups in the CF and EF. However, alkanes, aromatic amines, sulfonates, and monosubstituted alkanes were also detected in the latter. Moreover, carboxylic acid, alkane, alkene, amines, and phenols were identified in the AF. The EF (72.46 ± 0.55 µg/ml AAE) and AF (71.51± 0.46 µg/ml AAE) demonstrated a significantly (p < 0.05) higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) than CF (50.33 ±0.27 µg/ml AAE). The AF (54.07 ± 0.97 µg/ml AAE) exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) higher total reducing power (TRP) than the EF (42.76 ± 1.60 µg/ml AAE) and CF (30.13 ± 1.32 µg/ml AAE). A significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage of lipid peroxidation inhibition was exhibited by the CF (71.25% ±3.41) compared to the EF (54.17% ±2.66). Moreover, all the fractions showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher inhibition than ascorbic acid (18.33% ±1.56). The CF (0.16 ±0.01 nmol/ml) and EF (0.21 ±0.01 nmol/ml) demonstrated a significantly (p < 0.05) lower MDA concentration than the AF (0.42 ±0.01 nmol/ml) and ascorbic acid (0.38 ±0.02 nmol/ml). Conclusively, the Z. spina rootbark has potential antioxidant application in oxidative stress therapy with a focus on anti-lipid peroxidation for the CF though the AF has better TAC and TRP
Exploring the Potential of NIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics to Verify the Flavonoid Content in Litsea cubeba
Full text linkThe ancient records about herbal medicine show traditional healing practices are deeply rooted in Indonesian culture. The medical use of plants decreased because of inheritance customs combined with the lack of written documentation on medicinal plants but dependent on oral information transmission. Traditional research and preservation activities of local healing plants which belong to specific cultural communities become possible through this phenomenon. Researchers conducted ethnopharmacological research about antidiarrheal medicinal plant uses that included traditional knowledge about flavonoid-containing plants within the Osing ethnic group of West Java Indonesia. The goal of this research was to verify flavonoid compounds in Osing's medicinal plants through Near Infra-Red (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods. The evaluation of antidiarrheal potential for these compounds relied on flavonoid standard reference substances because these compounds demonstrate strong antioxidant properties which stabilize intestinal functioning. Chemometric techniques together with Near Infra-Red spectroscopy (NIR) were applied to analyze krangean leaves (Litsea cubeba) in order to establish their flavonoid compound levels. The quality assessment of multivariate calibration models shows that PLS regression produces RMSEC of 2.870 and RMSEP of 0.0124 with R2cal = 0.9931 and R2val = 0.9919. The analysis using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) succeeded in its completion with recognition rates above 90% for each discriminating class
Cytotoxic Potential of Combination of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extract and Cisplatin against HeLa Cervical Cancer Cell Line: A Study of Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptosis Induction
Full text linkCervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types, making the development of effective anticancer agents critical. Cisplatin (CIS) is a drug that has been used to treat cancer, but it also affects normal cells. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract (HSE), which has the potential as an anticancer agent, can be developed as a co-chemotherapy with CIS. This study aimed to determine the potential of HSE as a co-chemotherapy with CIS against HeLa cervical cancer cells and determine specific and non-specific parameters of the studied extract. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) simplicia powder was macerated with 96% ethanol. An in vitro evaluation was carried out on antiproliferative activity by calculating the doubling time. Additionally, a selectivity test was conducted to calculate combination index (CI) values based on the microtetrazolium (MTT) method. Apoptosis mechanisms were explored based on immunocytochemical methods using p53, caspase, and Bax antibodies, followed by an observation of apoptotic induction using a flow cytometer. The HSE and CIS selectivity index values obtained for Vero cells and HeLa cells were 209 and 278, respectively. The antiproliferation test results showed that the combination of HSE and CIS could better extend the doubling time of cells compared to the negative control. This combination also demonstrated a strong synergistic effect, with a CI value of 0.001. The extract as a co-chemotherapy with CIS was capable of increasing the expression of p53, caspase-3, and Bax. The flow cytometry analysis results indicated that HSE could induce apoptosis. Based on the results on the IC50 and CI value of HSE, as well as on the doubling time and apoptosis induction of HSE-influenced HeLa cells, it is concluded that HSE has the potential as a co-chemotherapy against cervical cancer
Immunostimulatory Effects of Zingiber ottensii Rhizome Extract on Mouse Lymphocytes and Peritoneal Macrophages
Full text linkZingiber ottensii (bangle hantu) is a member of the Zingiberaceae family, known for its pharmacological effects. Several studies have demonstrated immunomodulatory potential of Zingiberaceae rhizomes, including Zingiber officinale, Zingiber zerumbet, and Zingiber cassumunar. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Z. ottensii extract on mouse peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes. The extract was prepared using a maceration method with 96% ethanol (1:6) and the extract compound was observed by phytochemical screening with thin layer chromatography (TLC). Phagocytotic macrophage activity was quantified using a phagocytotic assay, which use mouse peritoneal macrophages. Lymphocyte proliferation was assessed with the MTT assay and absorbance measured at 595 nm. TLC results, showed that Z. ottensii extract tested positive for flavonoids and terpenoids. The Z. ottensii extract stimulated macrophage phagocytosis activity, significantly increasing the phagocytotic index at 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations compared to the control. Additionally, significant lymphocyte proliferation was observed with the treatment of the extract. The Z. ottensii extract may be developed for adjuvant therapy to enhance the immune responses, offering a promising natural approach to immunomodulation
The Effect of Basil Leaves Extract (Ocimum basilicum) on The Triglyceride Level in Atherosclerosis Rats
Full text linkAtherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) characterized by fat accumulation and transformation, inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and necrotic cell remnants in the tunica intima of blood vessels. Basil leaves are known to contain active biochemical compounds that have the potential to reduce lipids. This is an experimental study that investigated the effect of basil leaves on rat triglyceride levels in atherosclerotic models. This research consisted of five groups of rats that were induced atherosclerosis by partial carotid ligation and a high-fat diet for 7 days. The treatment group was given basil leaves extract ethanol with 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW dose, and simvastatin 1,5mg/rat/day. Examination of triglyceride levels by enzymatic calorimetry GPO-PAP method using Micro Lab 300. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Bonferroni. The results showed that there was an average decrease in triglyceride levels in rats given basil leaves extract with 100 mg/kg BW dose and indicated that the Ocimum basilicum leaves extract affected triglyceride levels in rats induced by atherosclerosis
Morinda citrifolia Linn. Ethanolic-extract Improve Inflammation Condition in Acetic Acid-induced Colitis Ulcerative Mice Models
Full text linkUlcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the colon, characterized by recurrent episodes and involving multifaceted etiological factors in its pathogenesis. This study aims to explore the pharmacological effect of Morinda citrifolia Linn. fruit ethanolic-extract (MFE) in UC. The UC mice model was induced using 2% acetic acid administered per-rectal. Subsequently, mice were categorized into six groups, comprising a normal control, negative control, positive control, and three MFE treatment groups (100mg/kgBW; 200mg/kgBW; 400mg/kgBW). Colitis severity was assessed by scoring system to obtain the Disease Activity Index (DAI) and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was employed to determine the free radical scavenging activity. MFE exhibited notable antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 0,553 mg/ml. Notably, MFE administration led to a discernible reduction in DAI scores, with MFE treatment demonstrating improved inflammation condition compared to the negative control from day 6 through day 11. Furthermore, immune cell infiltration within colonic tissue was markedly attenuated in the MFE-treated group compared to the negative control group. Evaluation of colon tissue damage revealed scores of 5.7, 4.2, and 3 for MFE doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, whereas the positive control group exhibited a score of 3, indicating superior tissue preservation. Notably, these scores contrasted starkly with the negative control group, which registered a damage score of 11.8. These findings exhibit the MFE potential as a therapeutic intervention for UC owing to its pharmacological properties, underscoring its potential as a natural remedy in UC management
Potential of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Leaf Extract as an Antiseptic against Candida albicans using Percentage Kill Test
Full text linkCandida albicans is a commensal microorganism that is commonly found as a normal flora in the body. However, impaired immune conditions can cause this fungus to turn into a pathogen. This Microorganism is one of the causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. The use of antiseptics is beneficial for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections. Moringa oleifera is a plant that is often found in Asia and Africa, has various bioactive components that have the potential to be antiseptic. Until now, there has been no research on the antiseptic potential of M. oleifera against C. albicans. Therefore the study was conducted to test the activity of Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera) as an antiseptic against C. albicans. This experiment was conducted using the percentage kill method to determine the potential activity of the extract as an antiseptic against C. albicans The comparison of bacterial colony growth on the control and the treatment that grew on solid media was calculated according to the set contact time of 1, 2, and 5 minutes. The effectiveness of antiseptics is assessed by calculating according to the percentage kill principle. The results of the calculation of C. albicans colonies in contact time for 1, 2, and 5 minutes were 62.39%, 80.85%, and 90%, respectively. This finding shows that the contact time of 5 minutes has good effectiveness. Therefore M. oleifera leaves have the potential to be an effective antiseptic against C. albicans
Ethno-gynecological Cognizance of Phytomedicine Used by Tribes of Central and Eastern India: An Indigenous Heritage
Full text linkEthnomedicinal information that exists with individuals from diverse regions is rapidly dwindling owing to a lack of interest among the young in imbibing traditional information from elderly home herbal healers, which is their golden heritage. There are huge benefits of indigenous prescriptions and using medicinal herbs for the treatment of many ailments. Tribal people are ignorant of evidence-based research on herbs, which can assist to improve their knowledge worldwide with scientific backing. This research is an attempt to document essential medicinal plants utilized by indigenous people of Central and Eastern India to treat gynecological disorders. The information was acquired from a literature search in electronic databases such as PubMed, Google-Scholar, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Wiley up to 2023. About 80 plants have been listed which have been reported to be used for the treatment of different gynecological disorders by the indigenous people of Central and Eastern India to treat gynecological disorders. Additionally, several scientific studies supporting the usage of the plant have been also described with their mechanistic insights. Since drug discovery from medicinal plants continues to provide a new array and important leads against various pharmacological targets, an effort to collect medicinal plants and their associated traditional knowledge could serve as an important tool for the discovery of new potent compounds. The extremely intriguing findings for gynecological illness necessitate further investigation, while the efficacy of numerous traditional phytomedicines must be assessed for their pharmacological confirmation before they can be embraced universally for the benefit of humanity
Exploring the Anti-cancer Effect of Ethanol Extract of Jamaican Cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) Leaves on CT26 Colorectal Cancer Cells through WNT Signaling
Full text linkThe prevalence rate of mortality in colorectal cancer is comparatively elevated. A standard or effective treatment has not been developed to resolve this issue. Utilizing Muntingia calabura, which is known to contain rutin with anti-cancer properties, is one of the strategies that can be implemented. The present study focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of M. calabura as an anti-cancer agent in colorectal cancer. Specifically, this study investigates the anti-cancer properties of rutin against colorectal cancer. The results of this study showed that the ethanolic extraction of M. calabura contained approximately 0.727 mg/mL of rutin. Additionally, the cytotoxicity assessment revealed that the rutin fraction was moderately cytotoxic, with a value of 70.808 μg/mL. The results of molecular docking experiments demonstrated a high degree of accuracy in predicting the interaction between rutin and β-catenin. Furthermore, the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay revealed a significant reduction in the expression of the β-catenin gene within the cells exposed to the extract. In conclusion, M. calabura extract exhibits anti-cancer properties by influencing the WNT signaling pathway in CT26 cells