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Old English Philology across the North Sea. Origins, Innovations and Connections
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320636.pdf (Author’s version postprint ) (Closed access
Retrieving past experiences to inform novel decisions through a process of cascading episodic sampling
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320391.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)We can guide our decisions in novel situations by drawing on our past experiences (episodic memories). While at times we can retrieve relevant episodes via cued recall, other situations may require a process of memory search. But what mechanisms underlie this search? In this work we synthesize six key principles concerning the storage and retrieval of episodic memories, and build on these principles to propose a cognitive mechanism which allows for the retrieval of relevant past experiences through a process of cascading recall. In this process, observing a stimulus triggers the cued recall of a past event. If this memory does not provide sufficient information to warrant a decision, then it next reinstates all the memory’s constituent features. These features then form the inputs to sample an additional memory in a subsequent recall step, which in turn reinstates its own features and so forth. This process continues until a suitable past experience is retrieved. We provide empirical support for key predictions of this cascading process through three online experiments in which participants interacted with unfamiliar stimuli. The results indicate that participants rely on cued recall of similar past experiences (experiment 1), and on indirectly related experiences when cued recall is not informative (experiment 2). Additionally, participants were substantially more likely to retrieve a predicted memory, and did so faster, when relying on cued recall versus cascadizng memory search (experiment 3). We conclude by discussing how this cascading recall process bridges several influential models of memory-based decision-making, as well as offering promising directions for future research.29 p
The Potential to Leverage Real-World Data for Pediatric Clinical Trials: A Proof-of-Concept Study.
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319857.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Pediatric clinical research, especially in rare diseases, faces persistent challenges including the identification and recruitment of eligible patients, assessing protocol feasibility, and ensuring efficient trial execution. These issues are compounded by small, age-stratified populations and fragmented clinical data. Real-world data (RWD), especially when drawn from electronic health records (EHRs), present an opportunity to support innovative trial designs, such as real-world comparator arms and postmarketing surveillance. However, realizing this potential depends on the routine availability of structured, reusable clinical data. OBJECTIVE: This proof-of-concept study aimed to assess the availability and structure of routine clinical data in European pediatric hospitals, focusing on data elements relevant for use in comparator arms and postmarketing surveillance studies. The study focused on 2 disease areas-neurofibromatosis (NF) and atopic dermatitis (AD)-as examples of rare and common conditions in children, respectively. METHODS: An inventory of 113 high-value clinical data items was developed based on expert analysis of clinical protocols for NF, AD, and safety studies. These items were included in a structured web-based survey disseminated through the connect4children (c4c) National Hub network, reaching sites across. Europe. Respondents were asked to indicate how each data item is collected and stored: in structured/coded EHR fields, as free text, in external systems, or on paper. RESULTS: Survey responses from 24 hospitals across 11 European countries revealed considerable variability in how data are captured and stored. While many general clinical and drug safety data elements-such as demographics, vital signs, and medication use-were often collected in structured formats, disease-specific and contextual variables were frequently captured as free text or not documented in a standardized way. For example, structured data capture was more prevalent for basic demographic and safety-related variables, whereas only a minority of sites recorded key disease-specific clinical details in a structured form. Lifestyle and family history data were among the least consistently documented. These gaps in structured data entry reduce the immediate reusability of EHR data for secondary research purposes. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights gaps in the structured documentation of pediatric clinical data across European sites. While the routine collection of many variables is promising, the lack of structured and coded formats poses a barrier to reusing these data for observational studies or comparator arms. As a first step toward the broader integration of RWD into pediatric research, this study demonstrates the feasibility of assessing EHR data availability and sets the stage for future scaling across more diseases and sites
Routine mid-gestational prediction of later preeclampsia
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320973.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)10 p
Rethinking the Security of Machine Learning in Malware Detection
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321281.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)This dissertation investigates the adversarial robustness of machine learning (ML)-based malware detection systems, focusing on practical limitations. While ML has advanced malware detection, it remains vulnerable to adversarial manipulations that enable malicious software to evade malware classifiers. This work rethinks both attack and defense strategies from a practical perspective, aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical approaches and real-world applicability. On the offensive side, it introduces a black-box evasion attack that generates query-efficient adversarial malware through realistic code injections, preserving malicious functionality while evading detection. On the defensive side, the thesis explores methods to efficiently uncover and mitigate vulnerabilities in malware classifiers directly in the feature space and improves generalization by addressing spurious correlations to ensure features better reflect actual malicious behavior. Additionally, the dissertation presents a unified framework for adversarial training (AT), enabling exploration of how intertwined factors—such as feature representations and model flexibility—influence its effectiveness. By integrating these aspects, this work proposes more robust and realistic defense strategies. Overall, the research offers a practical roadmap to enhance ML-based malware detection security, emphasizing the need for realistic threat models and comprehensive defenses, and outlining future directions for building resilient systems against evolving adversarial malware threats.Radboud University, 09 september 2025Promotores : Poll, E., Moonsamy, Veelashaxviii, 175 p
The ‘Heavenly Life’ of Maria Petyt and her Fellow Sisters
No full textItem does not contain fulltextMystical Entanglements: Communities, Networks, and the Relational Self in the History and Study of Mysticism, 04 juni 202
Real-world Effectiveness and Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 72 Patients.
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318918.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune hair loss disorder characterized by sudden hair shedding due to immune dysregulation involving the Janus Kinase - Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. JAK inhibitors (JAKi) have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, but data from real-world settings remain scarce. This retrospective, single-centre cohort study evaluated the real-world effectiveness and safety of JAKi (abrocitinib, baricitinib, ritlecitinib, upadacitinib, and tofacitinib) in 72 patients treated between December 2017 and February 2024. Patients had a mean age of 34 years and a mean disease duration of 8 years. At time points 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months substantial regrowth was observed in 18 (25%), 28 (38.9%), 25 (34.7%), 22 (30.6%), and 19 (26.4%) patients respectively. Over a median follow-up of 16 months, 61% achieved substantial regrowth at a median time of 7 months. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, the cumulative regrowth rates were 11.1%, 40.2%, 55.6%, and 59.7%, respectively. Among non-responders who switched medications, 75% achieved substantial regrowth. Two serious adverse events occurred (sickle cell crisis and renal failure with pre-existing dysfunction). The findings indicate that JAKi are effective and safe for AA treatment in real-world settings. Further prospective studies are necessary to optimize treatment guidelines
Puberty progression in girls with Turner syndrome after ovarian tissue cryopreservation.
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318863.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of unilateral ovariectomy for ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) on the function of the remaining ovary in girls with Turner syndrome. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study as a follow-up of OTC in a research setting (the TurnerFertility trial, NCT03381300). SUBJECTS: A total of 28 girls with Turner syndrome with follicles in their cryopreserved ovarian cortex tissue, aged 5-19 years. Of the 28 girls, 21 had a 45,X/46,XX mosaic karyotype; 5 had structural aberrations of the X chromosome; 1 had a 45,X monosomy; and 1 had a 45,X/47,XXX karyotype. INTERVENTIONS: Girls were monitored annually after OTC for pubertal development and levels of antimüllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and inhibin B. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Thelarche, menarche, and onset of premature ovarian insufficiency. RESULTS: The girls were monitored for a median duration of 3.4 years (maximum 6.6 years). The pubertal development of five prepubertal girls is still unknown; all were aged <10 years and had low gonadotropin and estradiol levels at the end of the follow-up. Seven of the eight girls of approximately pubertal age (10-12 years) experienced spontaneous thelarche, although one received medication to induce puberty. Eleven of the 14 girls between the ages of 14-17 years experienced spontaneous menarche; three other girls with thelarche still had ongoing puberty at the end of follow-up with normal gonadotropins and AMH levels above the detection limit. Approximately 6-12 months after OTC, a decline in AMH concentration was observed in 57% (16/28) of girls, followed by an increase in AMH concentration in the following years. Six of the total 28 girls started hormone replacement therapy because of symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency, and all had AMH levels <0.50 μg/L before OTC. CONCLUSION: Pubertal development progressed after unilateral ovariectomy for OTC in most girls with Turner syndrome. Hormone replacement therapy was required within a few years for girls with unfavorable parameters before OTC, such as AMH levels <0.50 μg/L. Decisions regarding OTC should be personalized, considering the girl's preferences and specific characteristics. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03381300.01 april 202
Sub-phenotyping in critical care: a valuable strategy or methodologically fragile path?
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320664.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access