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Who accepts party policy change? The individual-level drivers of attitudes towards party repositioning
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320245.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Experimental research has shown that political parties often, but not always, suffer reputational costs when they change their policy positions. Yet, it is not clear who accepts and who rejects party policy change. Using newly collected observational data from five European countries (Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom), we examine the individual-level determinants of party policy change. We examine support for policy change with a new survey item that directly captures party policy change acceptance. We theorise that acceptance of party policy change varies as a function of individuals' political attitudes such as their level of interest in politics and their ideological positions, as well as their views about democratic decision-making. Although we find that many citizens agree that change is sometimes necessary and understand the conditions and constraints that lead parties to alter their positions, we also show that populist attitudes have a strong negative effect on accepting party policy change. A textual analysis of an open-ended survey item furthermore indicates that those who perceive party policy change negatively, associate change with opportunism and power-seeking. Our results imply that even though parties have some leeway to change their positions when external conditions require them to do so, populist beliefs and anti-elite sentiment make citizens rather sceptical of the motivations that parties have when they alter their positions.25 p
Search for diphoton resonances in the 66 to 110 GeV mass range using pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
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319117.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Asthma control and opportunities to optimize management and the healthcare provider experience using the AsthmaOptimiser online tool in Dutch general practice: the CAPTURE study.
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318669.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Patients seen in general practices can achieve improved asthma control with better identification of factors that contribute to uncontrolled asthma. Information is lacking on the proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma, associated patient characteristics, and opportunities to improve management. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of general practice patients with uncontrolled asthma, as assessed during a regular consultation with the AsthmaOptimiser digital tool, identify the opportunities for improved management, and to evaluate the usability of this tool which is based on treatment recommendations from GINA. The CAPTURE study was a non-interventional, prospective, observational study of the AsthmaOptimiser in general practice settings in the Netherlands. Patients were at least 18 years of age with an asthma diagnosis. A total of 34 Dutch general practitioners or nurse practitioners participated in the study and planned to use the AsthmaOptimiser with 5 to 10 adult patients per practice. Interviews were conducted to gather information from practitioners about the tool's usability, its content, and areas for improvement. Of the 220 patients enrolled, 60% had uncontrolled asthma, of whom 64% had opportunities for management improvement that could be initiated during a primary care visit. Specialist referrals were advisable according to the AsthmaOptimiser in 45 patients with uncontrolled asthma. Practitioners reported that the AsthmaOptimiser was an added value and had suggestions on how to improve the tool. In Dutch general practices, the AsthmaOptimiser helped general practitioners identify opportunities for improved disease management by addressing poor disease control. Overall, the general practitioners found the AsthmaOptimiser easy to use and a good addition to asthma consultations
Improving the odds of survival: transgenerational effects of infections
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320776.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Recent studies argue for a novel concept of the role of chromatin as a carrier of epigenetic memory through cellular and organismal generations, defining and coordinating gene activity states and physiological functions. Environmental insults, such as exposures to unhealthy diets, smoking, toxic compounds, and infections, can epigenetically reprogram germ-line cells and influence offspring phenotypes. This review focuses on intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in different plants, animal species and humans, presenting the up-to-date evidence and arguments for such effects in light of Darwinian and Lamarckian evolutionary theories. An overview of the epigenetic changes induced by infection or other immune challenges is presented, and how these changes, known as epimutations, contribute to shaping offspring phenotypes. The mechanisms that mediate the transmission of epigenetic alterations via the germline are also discussed. Understanding the relationship between environmental fluctuations, epigenetic changes, resistance, and susceptibility to diseases is critical for unraveling disease etiology and adaptive evolution
Geen 'kontje' en geen 'pokkekat'
No full textItem does not contain fulltextVerschenen ter gelegenheid van het honderdjarig bestaan van de Theatercollecti
A MeerKAT survey of nearby dwarf novae: I. New detections
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318883.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
How to keep them inside? Organizational and motivational factors that influence volunteer retention for refugee aid organizations
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319875.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Refugee aid organizations depend to a large extent on volunteers. These organizations have difficulties retaining volunteers. The question then is: what can refugee aid organizations do to keep their' volunteers inside? Prior work suggests that satisfaction with the organization and motivations to continue volunteering may be of particular importance for volunteer retention. Therefore, this article assesses (1) which organizational factors contribute to satisfaction with the volunteer organization and (2) what personal factors contribute to volunteers' willingness to continue doing this work. Based on analyses of data from volunteers at a Dutch refugee aid organization (N = 1090) to both open-ended and close-ended questions, we find that volunteers who feel more valued for their work express stronger organizational connectedness. Moreover, we found that a bridge function that volunteers are theorized to be motivates them: volunteers are motivated to continue because they contribute to the facilitation of refugee inclusion and to increasing societal tolerance toward refugees. Further, work conditions need to be in place to prevent volunteers from leaving the organization. Moreover, the experienced appreciation for their work turned out to be a crucial factor for organizations to retain volunteers. These results give refugee aid organizations and volunteer managers concrete steps on what they can do to retain volunteers. This paper discusses these results and their practical implications as well as the limitations of the study.28 mei 202514 p
ChatGPT vs DeepSeek – China’s Rise as AI Power
No full textItem does not contain fulltext18th Asia Academy of Leiden Asia Centre, 17 april 2025Leiden Asia CentreInvited lectur
The tumour-stroma ratio as predictive aid towards a biopsy-based treatment strategy in rectal carcinoma.
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320023.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)AIMS: Tumour-stroma ratio (TSR) scores of biopsy material in rectal carcinoma (RC) could aid a biomarker-based, upfront and personalised treatment strategy selection for RC patients. In a large retrospective, multicentre cohort, we aimed to validate the predictive value of biopsy-scored TSR on neoadjuvant therapy response, and secondarily, disease-free and overall survival (DFS, OS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Scanned haematoxylin and eosin-stained RC biopsy slides were collected from Leiden University Medical Center (N = 116) and from the clinical PROCTOR-SCRIPT (N = 142) and RAPIDO (N = 271) trials. TSR was scored per protocol and categorised as stroma-low (≤ 50%) or stroma-high (> 50%). Major response was defined as tumour regression grade (TRG) 1 + 2 by Mandard, including pathological complete response. Ultimately, a large and varied cohort with 373 RC patients was established. Locally advanced RC was more often stroma-high (P < 0.001). We subsequently observed significantly lower major response rates in the stroma-high RC after a neoadjuvant treatment approach (hazard ratio = 0.63, 95% confidence interval = 0.41-0.99; P = 0.044). Despite correction for well-known risk factors in Cox hazard regression analysis, such as (y)pTNM substages or residual tumour status, the TSR had no singular significant influence on DFS nor OS in multivariate analysis (P = 0.438; P = 0.934, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Biopsy-scored TSR can predict neoadjuvant therapy efficacy, as RC patients with stroma-high biopsies show less major response. However, patient survival is multifactorial, although response is an important predictor, influenced by TSR. Scoring TSR on RC biopsy material is a reliable histological parameter, implementation of which in treatment guidelines could improve upfront selection for a watch-and-wait strategy.01 juli 202
The relationship between trait curiosity and cognitive reserve in younger and older adults
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320866.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Understanding individual differences in cognitive reserve is key to predicting, and potentially influencing, factors that promote healthy cognitive aging. It has been suggested that individuals who are more curious engage in more stimulating activities and thereby increase their cognitive reserve. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between dimensions of trait curiosity and different proxies of cognitive reserve - education, occupation, and leisure activities - in groups of younger (N = 190) and middle-to-older aged adults (N = 292). Our results provide evidence for a relationship between trait curiosity and cognitive reserve, which was more pronounced in middle-to-older age. In the middle-to-older age group, all proxies of cognitive reserve were related to curiosity, albeit to different dimensions of the trait: higher interest-based epistemic curiosity and perceptual curiosity predicted higher education and leisure activities. In contrast, deprivation-sensitive curiosity was positively associated with occupation, but negatively associated with leisure. In the young group, only leisure activities were significantly predicted by perceptual curiosity. This study adds to the emerging literature on the role of personality in cognitive reserve and highlights the multifaceted influence of trait curiosity, which is larger in older age.10 p