Materials Engineering - Materiálové inžinierstvo (MEMI)
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Fatigue Crack Propagation Under Variable Amplitude Loading Analyses Based on Plastic Energy Approach
Get PDFPlasticity effects at the crack tip had been recognized as “motor” of crack propagation, the growth of cracks is related to the existence of a crack tip plastic zone, whose formation and intensification is accompanied by energy dissipation. In the actual state of knowledge fatigue crack propagation is modeled using crack closure concept. The fatigue crack growth behavior under constant amplitude and variable amplitude loading of the aluminum alloy 2024 T351 are analyzed using in terms energy parameters. In the case of VAL (variable amplitude loading) tests, the evolution of the hysteretic energy dissipated per block is shown similar with that observed under constant amplitude loading. A linear relationship between the crack growth rate and the hysteretic energy dissipated per block is obtained at high growth rates. For lower growth rates values, the relationship between crack growth rate and hysteretic energy dissipated per block can represented by a power law. In this paper, an analysis of fatigue crack propagation under variable amplitude loading based on energetic approach is proposed
Corrosion resistance of the welded AISI 316L after various surface treatments
Get PDFThe main aim of this work is to monitor the surface treatment impact on the corrosion resistance of the welded stainless steel AISI 316L to local corrosion forms. The excellent corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel is caused by the existence of stable, thin and well adhering passive layer which quality is strongly influenced by welding. Therefore surface treatment of stainless steel is very important with regard to its local corrosion susceptibility Surfaces of welded stainless steel were treated by various mechanical methods (grinding, garnet blasting). Surface properties were studied by SEM, corrosion resistance was evaluated after exposition tests in chlorides environment using weight and metalographic analysis. The experimental outcomes confirmed that the mechanical finishing has a significant effect on the corrosion behavior of welded stainless steel AISI 316L
Structural Characteristics & Dielectric Properties of Tantalum Oxide Doped Barium Titanate Based Materials
Get PDFIn this research, the causal relationship between the dielectric properties and the structural characteristics of 0.5 & 1.0 mol% Ta2O5 doped BaTiO3 based ceramic materials were investigated under different sintering conditions. Dielectric properties and microstructure of BaTio3 ceramics were significantly influenced by the addition of a small amount of Ta2O5. Dielectric properties were investigated by measuring the dielectric constant (k) as a function of temperature and frequency. Percent theoretical density (%TD) above 90% was achieved for 0.5 and 1.0 mol% Ta2O5 doped BaTiO3. It was observed that the grain size decreased markedly above a doping concentration of 0·5 mol% Ta2O5. Although fine grain size down to 200-300nm was attained, grain sizes in the range of 1-1.8µm showed the most alluring properties. The fine-grain quality and high density of the Ta2O5 doped BaTiO3 ceramic resulted in tenfold increase of dielectric constant. Stable value of dielectric constant as high as 13000-14000 was found in the temperature range of 55 to 80°C, for 1.0 mol% Ta2O5 doped samples with corresponding shift of Curie point to ~82°C. Experiments divulged that incorporation of a proper content of Ta2O5 in BaTiO3 could control the grain growth, shift the Curie temperature and hence significantly improve the dielectric property of the BaTiO3 ceramics
INFLUENCE OF COOLING RATE DURING QUENCHING ON IMPACT TOUGHNESS OF A HOT-WORK TOOL STEEL AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND AT 200 °C
Get PDFGross cracking of die-casting dies with inferior toughness sometimes occurs through too low preheating temperature and/or too slow cooling during quenching. This study aimed to clarify the influence of cooling rate on the toughness of the hot-work tool steel grade Uddeholm Vidar Superior at ambient temperature and at 200 °C, a typical preheating temperature for aluminium die-casting dies. Toughness was measured through instrumented Charpy V-notch impact testing. The decrease in energy absorption with increasing cooling time between 800°C and 500°C both at both ambient temperature and 200 °C was pronounced. At ambient temperature, the decrease in total energy was a consequence of a decrease in initiation energy whereas, at 200 °C, the decrease in total energy was due to a decrease in propagation energy
Thermal stability of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals prepared by SHS method
Get PDFQuasicrystal-containing materials are usually prepared by rapid solidification of the melt (e.g. by melt spinning) or mechanical alloying. In this work, the method using exothermic reactions between compressed metallic powders called SHS (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis) was tested. The microstructure and phase composition of the product was described in dependence on cooling regime from the reaction temperature. Thermal stability of prepared Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals was studied by annealing at the temperatures of 300 and 500 °C
OPTIMIZATION OF HEATING OF GEAR WHEEL USING NUMERICAL MODELING
Get PDFSuccessful heat treating and carburizing of gear wheels for wind turbine gear boxes requires that plastic deformation in the wheel is minimized. Numerical modeling using the DEFORM software was aimed at exploring the effects of the base, on which the gear wheel rests during heating, on the heating process. Homogeneous heating was assumed. It was found that the base heats up more quickly than the workpiece. It is the consequence of the base's shape and volume. As a result, the base expands and slides against the wheel, predominantly at the first heating stage. Later on, it prevents the gear wheel from expanding, causing plastic deformation in the wheel. The findings were used for designing new heating schedules to minimize these undesirable interactions and to reduce the plastic deformation to a negligible magnitude. In addition, this paper presents an example of a practical use of numerical modeling in the DEFORM software
Thermal stability of magnesium alloy AZ91 prepared by severe plastic deformation
Get PDFThis paper deals with the thermal stability of ultrafine-grained alloy AZ91 prepared by means of ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) method. Annealing experiments were conducted isochronally for 30 minutes in the temperature range of 220 to 400 °C in argon atmosphere. EBSD (Electron Backscatter Diffraction) method was used to image the changes in microstructure due to increased temperature
The study of molten zinc interaction on the surface of refractories in the production of zinc oxide
Get PDFThis paper is closely connected with the complete process of indirect production of ZnO as well as with the problems which occur during the metallurgical process. Purity of raw materials has an important influence on the final quality of ZnO and the occurrence of slag that remains stuck on the walls of furnace linings. ZnO is generally produced in the melting furnaces with different types of ceramic linings. Input materials have to be analyzed and investigated in the order to the predict behaviour from the aspect of the complex production process. Moreover, analysis of occurrence of undesirable phases in the batch, the output materials, character of furnace linings and waste material have to be evaluated and observed. Mutual interaction of all components will have a significant impact on the final quality of the ZnO. The result of the investigation of interaction occurring in the components will be used for the proposal of the suitable surface for furnace lining while the mentioned result is mainly obtained on the principle of chemical reactions and bonds. This surface for lining should have a minimum adhesion of the zinc and its alloys relating to production of ZnO
The effect of different shot peening intensities on fatigue life of AW 7075 aluminium alloy
Get PDFIn this study the effect of different shot peening intensities, from very light peening with ceramic beads to severe shot peening with high coverage, on the fatigue life of aircraft AW 7075 aluminium alloy was investigated. Results were discussed in means of surface roughness, character of deformed surface layer and residual stress profile measured by XRD methods. Light peening intensity creates high and shallow compression residual stress field in the subsurface layers of material and increases the fatigue life of studied alloy. Increasing the peening intensity increases the depth of residual stress field, however the surface damage created by impact of shots at high velocity causes significant surface damage and rapidly degrade the fatigue properties of AW 7075 aluminium alloy
PROTECTIVE LAYERS OF IRON AND NICKEL ALUMINIDES ON STEEL
Get PDFIntermediary phases Ni-Al and Fe-Al are promising materials due to their superior properties such as hardness and good resistance against oxidation at high temperatures. Moreover, Fe-Al phases are resistant in sulphur - containing atmospheres. Because of these characteristics, the above mentioned intermetallic phases seem to be prospective for the use in many technical applications such as energetics, chemical or automotive industry in a form of a bulk material or coatings. Presently, the protective aluminide layer is usually prepared by thermal spraying. Nevertheless, this method is not suitable for complex-shaped components. Therefore, the aim of this work was to find an alternative way to prepare layers consisting of nickel or iron aluminides by other technique than thermal spraying. At first, carbon steel samples were coated using galvanic or electroless nickel plating. Coated samples were subsequently submerged into molten aluminium at various temperatures and process durations. The influence of the temperature and duration on the intermetallic phase growth was studied by scanning electron and light microscopy. Thickness and microhardness of the intermetallic layer was also measured