Materials Engineering - Materiálové inžinierstvo (MEMI)
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Effects of Tribological Parameters on Slurry Erosion Behaviour of Uncoated and Coated Materials: A Review
Get PDFThis paper describes the pioneering work of various researchers in the field of slurry erosion behaviour of uncoated and coated materials in various industrial applications. The present study is focused on the slurry erosion behaviour of ash slurry disposal system of thermal power plants. The key components such as impeller and casing of ash slurry disposal pumps in thermal power plants experience this phenomenon of wear. Tribological parameters such as solid particle concentration, impact velocity of erodent on the target surface, impact angle, erodent particle size and shape, hardness of the striking particles and target material, etc. are responsible for slurry erosion. The research results show that the influence of tribological parameters on the slurry erosion is found to be significant and need to be evaluated and analyzed properly. The slurry erosion can be minimized by proper selection of materials and/or by providing the suitable protective coating on the material which can enhance the surface properties
Study of calcium phosphate (DCPD) electrodeposition process on a Mg-3Al-1Zn magnesium alloy surface
Get PDFEvaluation of calcium phosphating process realized on Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy surface after grinding was investigated by electrochemical tests supported by photodocumentation. The electrodeposition treatment was performed by electrochemical method in water solution of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, (NH4)2HPO4 and H2O2. The formation of calcium phosphate was divided into several stages and described using light microscopy. The progress in corrosion protection of created calcium phosphate layer in 0.9% NaCl after particular electrodeposition steps was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results in the form of Nyquist plots were analyzed using equivalent circuits
Microstructure and properties of cast iron after laser surface hardening
Get PDFLaser surface hardening of cast iron is not trivial due to the material’s heterogeneity and coarse-grained microstructure, particularly in massive castings. Despite that, hardening of heavy moulds for automotive industry is in high demand. The present paper summarises the findings collected over several years of study of materials structure and surface properties. Phase transformations in the vicinity of graphite are described using examples from production of body parts in automotive industry. The description relates to formation of martensite and carbide-based phases, which leads to hardness values above 65 HRC and to excellent abrasion resistance
Sub-zero Treatment of P/M Vanadis 6 Ledeburitic Tool Steel
Get PDFThe Cr-V ledeburitic steel Vanadis 6 was vacuum austenitized, nitrogen gas quenched and double tempered at various combinations of regimes. For selected samples, a sub-zero period was inserted between quenching and tempering. The obtained results infer that: I) as-quenched microstructure consisted of martensite, retained austenite and undissolved carbides, II) sub-zero processing reduced the amount of the retained austenite and increased the tetragonality of the martensitic lattice, III) as-quenched hardness of the steel was higher by 2 – 3 HRC due to sub-zero processing, IV) as-tempered hardness increased with increasing austenitizing temperature but it decreased slightly with the sub-zero period, V) no negative impact of sub-zero processing on toughness was recorded, VI) wear resistance increased with sub-zero period when 100Cr6 steel has been used as a counterpart
Application of the S690QL class steels in responsible welded structures
Get PDFIn this paper are considered the most important properties of a special class of high strength steels S690QL, which can be classified into the group of special low alloyed steels. The high strength steels belong into a group of high quality steels. They possess exceptional mechanical properties, especially tensile strength and toughness. Those favorable properties are being achieved by application of special procedures of thermo-mechanical processing and simultaneous alloying with adequate elements. The advantages that the S690QL steels have with respect to other steels are being presented here. However, possibilities for application of those steels in responsible welded structures are limited due to their only relatively good weldability. The special procedures for improving it are discussed here, primarily preheating, controlled heat input during welding and additional heat treatment of the welded joint
Tribological properties of CrAgN thin films
Get PDFCrN and CrAgN thin films were magnetron sputtered onto the substrate made from Vanadis 6 cold work tool steel. The films were examined on tribological properties using a high temperature Pin-on-disc tribometer. Obtained results show that there is almost no effect of Ag addition on the friction coefficient when tested at a room temperature against alumina. The testing against the same counterpart at higher temperature gave positive effect of the silver addition on the m. The testing against 100Cr6 ball bearing steel gave higher friction coefficient than that against alumina while the testing against CuSn6-bronze led to much lower m. When tested at a room temperature, the wear performance of the films was positively affected only in the case of the CrAg3N film developed at 500 oC. On the other hand, addition of 3 wt% Ag into the CrN increased the wear performance at elevated temperatures while the addition of 15 wt% Ag has made the film too soft and sensitive to wear
Nodular cast iron fatigue lifetime in cyclic plane bending
Get PDFThe fatigue behavior of a component is strongly dependent on the material and its surface condition. Therefore, the manner in which the surface is prepared during component manufacturing (surface roughness, residual stresses etc.) has a decisive role in dictating the initiation time for fatigue cracks. The fatigue behavior of the same material, a nodular cast iron, with three different surface conditions (fine ground, sand blast and as-cast) has been investigated under cyclic plane bending. The results show differences in fatigue strength, which are associated with the surface conditions. The characteristics of the surface layers of the different test specimens were examined by metallography
An Apparatus of increased precision for the Measurement of Electro-Optical parameters of Liquid Crystals
Get PDFThe ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) are demanding high attention now a day, because of their potential applications in many electro-optical devices, particularly in displays. The suitable applications of FLCs in devices are decided by their electro-optical properties like tilt angle, birefringence and spontaneous polarization. In this paper we are presenting a new apparatus for highly accurate measurement of electro-optical parameters of FLCs. The accuracy of the apparatus is the best among the currently available equipments in the market. The accuracy and performance of the apparatus has been confirmed by performing the experiments on standard ferroelectric liquid crystals
Structural degradation of heterogeneous welded joints
Get PDFDeveloping the techniques of welding materials with higher dynamic strength onto the rolling surfaces of rails is one of the options for increasing their operational endurance. The subject of this paper is an analyses of heterogeneous weld interfaces experimentally manufactured by welding medium-carbon austenitic steels onto high-carbon unalloyed pearlitic steels. The analyses focus on examinations of the marginal mixing of the materials at the weld interface and the circumstances under which intercrystalline cracks form in the weld deposit layers. Structural analyses, chemical microanalyses and a hardness assessment were performed in order to identify the corresponding structural changes. The proportion of zonal vs. interdendritic segregation of the alloying elements in the degradation of the welded joint was distinguished. We described the nature of the structural heterogeneities produced, locally connected with the martensitic transformation. The chemical heterogeneity leading to the formation of martensite at grain boundaries was identified as the limiting effect