Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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    Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 19 No. 2, Maret 2023

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    This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 2, March 2023This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 2, March 202

    Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 18 No. 6, November 2022

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    This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 6, November 2022This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 6, November 202

    Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 19 No. 6, November 2023: Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 19 No. 6, November 2023

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    This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 19 No. 6, November 2023This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 19 No. 6, November 202

    Detection and Practical Differentiation of Phytoplasmas from Several Host Plants Using PCR-RFLP

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    Deteksi dan Pembedaan Praktis Fitoplasma dari Beberapa Tanaman Inang Menggunakan PCR-RFLP Fitoplasma adalah prokariota fitopatogenik dengan kisaran inang yang luas dan merupakan patogen yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian lebih banyak di Indonesia. Patogen ini relatif sulit untuk dideteksi dan diidentifikasi mengingat sifat biologinya yang rumit. Penelitian ini meliputi deteksi fitoplasma menggunakan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR) dengan primer P1/P7 dari tujuh tanaman bergejala, yaitu daun putih rumput Bermuda, kuning bambu, sapu kacang tanah, kedelai, kacang panjang dan kaktus, serta daun kecil ubi jalar. DNA gen 16S rRNA fitoplasma hasil amplifikasi PCR selanjutnya direaksikan dengan masing-masing enzim endonuklease restriksi AluI, RSaI dan MSeI untuk menghasilkan pola restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Tujuh tanaman sakit tersebut terkonfirmasi berasosiasi dengan fitoplasma yang ditunjukkan oleh produk PCR sebesar 1800 pb. Berdasarkan profil RFLP tiga enzim, fitoplasma dibedakan ke dalam dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok I (rumput Bermuda dan bambu) dan kelompok II (kacang tanah, kedelai, kacang panjang, kaktus dan ubi jalar). Fitoplasma kaktus merupakan sub-kelompok (galur) karena memiliki sedikit perbedaan fragmen dari profil RFLP dengan enzim MSeI.Phytoplasma as a phytopathogenic prokaryote with a wide host range is a pathogen that needs more attention in Indonesia. This pathogen is relatively difficult to detect and identify due to its complicated biological properties. This study involved detection of phytoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with P1/P7 primers from seven symptomatic plants, i.e. Bermuda grass white leaf, bamboo yellows, witches’ broom of peanut, soybean, yard long bean, and cactus, and sweet potato little leaf. The phytoplasma DNA of the 16S rRNA gene resulting from PCR amplification was examined by digestion reaction using three endonuclease enzymes AluI, RSaI, and MSeI to generate restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profile. The seven diseased plants were confirmed positive to be associated with phytoplasma as indicated by the PCR product of 1800 bp. Based on the RFLP profiles of the three enzymes, the phytoplasmas were divided into two groups, namely group I (Bermuda grass and bamboo) and group II (peanuts, soybeans, yard long beans, cactus, and sweet potatoes). Cactus phytoplasma is a sub-group (strain) because it has a slightly different fragment of MSeI RFLP profile

    Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 19 No. 5, September 2023: Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 19 No. 5, September 2023

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    This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 19 No. 5, September 2023This editorial contains the front cover, editorial page, and back cover of the Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 19 No. 5, September 202

    Komunitas Fitonematoda pada Pertanaman Kopi Robusta dan Arabika di Jawa Timur

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    Fitonematoda merupakan salah satu penyebab penyakit pada tanaman kopi robusta dan arabika. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis komunitas fitonematoda pada kopi robusta dan arabika serta distribusinya pada kondisi kesehatan pertanaman yang berbeda. Lokasi pengambilan sampel berada di Kebun Percobaan Sumber Asin (Desa Krajan, Kecamatan Sumbermanjing, Kabupaten Malang), Blawan (Desa Sempol, Kecamatan Sempol, Kabupaten Bondowoso), dan Kalisat Jampit (Desa Kalisat, Kecamayan Ijen, kabupaten Bondowoso) Provinsi Jawa Timur. Sampel akar dan tanah diambil pada tanaman bergejala penyakit, tanaman di antara tanaman sakit dan sehat, dan tanaman sehat. Ekstraksi nematoda dari sampel akar dilakukan dengan metode pengabutan (mist chamber) dan sampel tanah dengan flotasi sentrifugasi. Peubah yang diamati ialah nilai prominensi (NP) dan proporsi sebaran fitonematoda penting. Fitonematoda yang diperoleh pada kopi robusta ialah Pratylenchus coffeae, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne spp., dan Hemicriconemoides cocophillus. Fitonematoda yang diperoleh pada kopi arabika ialah Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne spp., Paratylenchus sp., Criconemoides sp., dan Helicotylenchus sp. Fitonematoda didominasi oleh spesies P. coffeae dan R. reniformis pada kopi robusta serta R. similis dan Meloidogyne spp. pada kopi arabika. Terdapat perbedaan nilai prominensi pada masing-masing fitonematoda yang ditemukan. Nilai prominensi fitonematoda tertinggi dari ekstraksi perakaran kopi robusta terdapat pada P. coffeae, yaitu sebesar 295.83, sedangkan pada perakaran kopi arabika terdapat pada R. similis sebesar 259.16. Secara umum, pada spesies tersebut terjadi peningkatan populasi dari tanaman sehat ke tanaman bergejala penyakit.Phytonematode Community in The Robusta and Arabica Coffee Plantation in East Java Phytonematode is one of the important parasites of robusta and arabica coffee plantations. This study aimed to determine the phytonematode community on arabica and robusta coffee and their distribution at different plant health conditions. The investigations were conducted at the Sumber Asin Experimental Station, Belawan, and Kalisat Jampit Plantation in East Java. Root and soil samples were taken from the symptomatic plants, plants between symptomatic and healthy plants, and healthy plants. Nematodes were extracted from root samples by mist chamber and soil samples with centrifugation flotation methods. The observed variables are prominence value and proportion of important phytonematode distribution. Phytonematodes identified from robusta coffee are: Pratylenchus coffeae, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne spp., and Hemicriconemoides cocophillus. Phytonematodes identified from arabica coffee are: Radopholus similis, Meloidogyne spp., Paratylenchus sp. Criconemoides sp., and Helicotylenchus sp. Phytonematodes are dominated by P. coffeae and R. reniformis on robusta coffee and R. similis and Meloidogyne spp. on arabica coffee. There are differences in the prominence values of each of the phytonematodes found. The highest phytonematode prominence value from extraction of robusta coffee roots was found in P. coffeae at 295.83, whereas in arabica coffee roots was found in R. similis at 259.16. In general, there are increasing population pattern of these species from healthy to symptomatic plants

    Keefektifan Perlakuan Air Panas dan Teh Guano terhadap Nematoda Aphelenchoides besseyi pada Benih dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Bibit Padi

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    Aphelenchoides besseyi merupakan salah satu nematoda penting terbawa benih yang menginfeksi padi dan dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil serta mengurangi kualitas gabah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan metode yang efektif untuk mengendalikan nematoda A. besseyi pada benih padi melalui perlakuan air panas dan teh guano. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap tiga varietas padi, yaitu Pak Tiwi 1, Ciherang, dan IPB 3S, dua perlakuan perendaman, yaitu perendaman air panas suhu 55 °C dan perendaman dalam teh guano, serta tujuh waktu perendaman, yaitu 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30 menit. Perlakuan air panas suhu 55 °C dan teh guano efektif menurunkan populasi nematoda, namun pengaruhnya berbeda pada setiap varietas. Pada varietas Pak Tiwi 1 perendaman air panas efektif menurunkan populasi nematoda pada waktu perendaman 5-30 menit, dan daya tumbuh paling baik pada perendaman air panas dengan waktu 10 menit dan kontrol dengan waktu 20 menit. Pada varietas Ciherang, metode perendaman air panas efektif dengan rentang waktu 5-30 menit dan perendaman teh guano selama 30 menit efektif menurunkan populasi nematoda, serta interaksi terbaik yang menghasilkan daya tumbuh paling tinggi ditunjukkan pada perlakuan kontrol dengan waktu 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30 menit, perendaman teh guano dengan waktu 5, 10, 25 menit, dan perendaman air panas dengan waktu 5 dan 10 menit. Pada varietas IPB 3S, penurunan populasi terbaik ditunjukkan pada perendaman teh guano dengan waktu 5 dan 30 menit, sedangkan daya tumbuh terbaik ditunjukkan pada perendaman air panas dengan waktu 5 menit.The Effectiveness of Hot Water and Guano Tea Treatments on Aphelenchoides besseyi Nematode on Rice Seeds and Their Effects on the Growth of Rice Seedling Aphelenchoides besseyi is one of the important nematodes infecting rice and can significantly reduce yield and grain quality. The research aimed to obtain an effective method to control A. besseyi in rice seeds through hot water treatment and soaking in guano tea. The study was conducted on three varieties, i.e Pak Tiwi 1, Ciherang, and IPB 3S. Two treatments was evaluated, i.e. soaking the seeds on hot water (55 °C) and guano and soaking time at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes. Hot water treatment at 55 °C and guano tea effectively reduced the population of nematodes, but show different effect depending on the variety. In var. Pak Tiwi 1, hot water treatment is effectively reduced nematode population with 5-30 minutes soaking time, and the best of growth of rice seedling shown in 10 minutes soaking in hot water and 20 minutes soaking in control treatment. In var. Ciherang, the method of hot water treatment with 5-30 minutes soaking time and immersion of guano tea for 30 minutes effectively decreases the nematode population, and the best interaction that produces the highest rice seedling growth is shown in the control treatment with a time of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes, immersion of guano tea with 5, 10, 25 minutes, and hot water treatment with 5 and 10 minutes soaking time. In IPB 3S, the best population decrease was shown in the immersion of guano tea with 5 and 30 minutes soaking time, meanwhile the best growth of rice seedling is shown in 5 minutes soaking time of hot water treatment

    Korelasi Keparahan Penyakit Belang dan Kelimpahan Serangga Vektor Terhadap Hasil Panen Lada

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    Insect-borne viral diseases epidemics are influenced by interaction among host plants, viruses, their vectors, and environment. Two species of mealybugs i.e. Planococcus minor and Ferrisia virgata are known as virus vectors that cause mottle disease on black pepper (Piper nigrum). Research was conducted to determine the main factors affecting mottle disease spread in the field. Study was conducted by observing 30 productive black pepper plants at the experimental field in Sukabumi, West Java. The parameters involved abundance of mealybugs, severity of mottle disease, and yield of black pepper plants. Disease severity and plant yield was assessed for three consecutive harvest seasons, while mealybug abundance was observed every two months for a year. The results showed that abundance of mealybugs did not have significant affect to disease severity and plant yield, indicating the vectors in the field does not play as a prominent role in disease spreading. Simple linear regression between disease severity and plant yield showed coefficient determination of R2 value about 0.4351 with negative correlation, indicating opposite effect between severity and plant yield. Increasing disease severity affect moderately plant yield decrease. Therefore, planting virus free seed stocks and applying good cultivation practices in the field will inhibit disease development and spreading which in turn will affect continuous optimal plant yields.Korelasi Keparahan Penyakit Belang dan Kelimpahan Serangga Vektor Terhadap Hasil Panen Lada Epidemi penyakit virus tular serangga dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara tanaman inang, virus dan vektornya serta kondisi lingkungan. Dua spesies kutuputih yaitu Planococcus minor dan Ferrisia virgata diketahui sebagai vektor virus belang pada tanaman lada (Piper nigrum). Penelitian dilakukan untuk menentukan faktor utama yang berpengaruh terhadap penyebaran penyakit belang di lapangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap 30 tanaman lada umur produktif di kebun Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Peubah yang diamati ialah kelimpahan kutuputih, keparahan penyakit, dan produksi lada. Keparahan penyakit dan produksi lada diamati selama tiga musim berturut-turut, sedangkan jumlah kutuputih dihitung selama satu tahun dengan interval dua bulan sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan kutuputih tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat keparahan penyakit dan produksi lada. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa serangga vektor bukan menjadi faktor utama yang terlibat dalam penyebaran penyakit. Regresi linear sederhana antara keparahan penyakit dan produksi lada menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan koefisien determinasi R2 sebesar 0.4351 mengindikasikan efek yang berlawanan antara keparahan penyakit dan produksi lada. Peningkatan keparahan penyakit akan menurunkan produksi lada dengan kategori sedang. Penggunaan bibit bebas virus dan praktik budi daya lada yang baik akan menghambat perkembangan dan penyebaran penyakit di lapangan yang akan berpengaruh terhadap produksi optimal yang berkesinambungan

    Kehilangan Hasil Akibat Busuk Umbi dan Identifikasi Agens Penyebabnya pada Ubi Jalar di Kecamatan Cilimus, Kabupaten Kuningan, Provinsi Jawa Barat

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    Pada tahun 2019 terjadi peningkatan insidensi busuk umbi pada tanaman ubi jalar bersamaan dengan musim hujan berkepanjangan yang melanda sebagian besar Pulau Jawa sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan hasil. Salah satu daerah yang terdampak ialah Kecamatan Cilimus, Kabupaten Kuningan, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menghitung kehilangan hasil ubi jalar yang diakibatkan oleh permasalahan busuk umbi dan mengidentifikasi penyebabnya di Kecamatan Cilimus. Kehilangan hasil akibat busuk umbi berkisar 4.3% dan 19.7% dengan rata-rata 9.4%. Jika disandingkan dengan data penurunan produksi ubi jalar di Kecamatan Cilimus dari tahun 2018 sampai tahun 2021 maka permasalahan busuk umbi tersebut menunjukkan peran yang penting terhadap penurunan produksi di daerah tersebut. Hasil identifikasi patogen mengonfirmasi Ralstonia solanacearum sebagai bakteri penyebab busuk umbi. Berdasarkan gejala morfologi diketahui bahwa R. solanacearum menjadi penyebab utama permasalahan busuk umbi (56.8%), diikuti oleh hama Cylas formicarius (29.1%), dan kombinasi keduanya (14.1%). Pola tanam dan teknik budi daya yang dilakukan oleh petani diduga memicu perkembangan permasalahan busuk umbi di area penelitian tersebut.Yield Loss Due to Tuber Rot and Identification of the Causal Agents in Sweet Potatoes in Cilimus District, Kuningan Regency, West Java ProvinceIn 2019 there was an increase in the incidence of tuber rot in sweet potato crops along with the prolonged rainy season which hit most of Java Island, causing yield losses. One of the affected areas was Cilimus District, Kuningan Regency, Province of West Java. This research was conducted to calculate the yield loss of sweet potatoes caused by tuber rot problems and to identify the causes in Cilimus District. Yield losses due to tuber rot ranged from 4.3% and 19.7% with an average of 9.4%. Compared with data on the decrease in sweet potato production in Cilimus District from 2018 to 2021, the tuber rot problem showed an essential role in decreasing production in the area. The results of the identification of the pathogen confirmed Ralstonia solanacearum was the causal agent of tuber rot. Based on the morphological symptoms, it was known that R. solanacearum is the main cause of tuber rot problems (56.8%), followed by Cylas formicarius (29.1%), and a combination of both (14.1%). The cropping patterns and cultivation techniques used by farmers were suspected of triggering the development of tuber rot problems in the research area

    Analisis Morfometrik Daun Cabai Bergejala Kuning Keriting Menggunakan Pendekatan Pengolahan Citra Digital dan Algoritma Data Mining

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    Gejala kuning keriting pada daun cabai umumnya disebabkan oleh infeksi Begomovirus. Daun tanaman terinfeksi tidak hanya mengalami perubahan warna sebagai indikator rusaknya klorofil tetapi juga mengalami perubahan morfologi bentuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguantifikasi gejala infeksi Begomovirus berdasarkan perubahan morfologi bentuk daun menggunakan pengolahan citra digital dan algoritma data mining yang akan memudahkan dalam pemantauan dan analisis perkembangan penyakit tanaman. Total 33 citra daun cabai rawit bergejala kuning keriting maupun tidak bergejala menjadi dataset penelitian ini. Citra daun cabai tersebut diolah dan diekstrak karakteristik bentuknya berupa circularity, aspect ratio, roundness, dan solidity menggunakan aplikasi Fiji-ImageJ. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji beda (uji-t), pengelompokan citra menggunakan algoritma Simple K-Means, dan evaluasi ketepatan hasil pengelompokan berdasarkan indeks ARI dan NMI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum ada perbedaan bentuk yang nyata antara daun bergejala dengan daun tidak bergejala. Daun cabai rawit bergejala kuning keriting memiliki rata-rata nilai aspect ratio dan solidity yang lebih kecil dibandingkan daun cabai tidak bergejala, sebaliknya memiliki rata-rata nilai circularity dan roundness yang lebih besar dibandingkan daun cabai tidak bergejala. Evaluasi ketepatan pengelompokan sampel daun cabai rawit bergejala maupun tidak bergejala berdasarkan indeks ARI dan NMI menghasilkan nilai terbaik untuk pengelompokkan ke dalam dua kelompok.Morphometric Analysis of Chili Leaves with Yellow Curly Symptom Using Digital Image Processing Approach and Data Mining Algorithm Yellow curling symptoms on chili leaves are generally caused by Begomovirus infection. The leaves of infected plants not only change color as an indicator of chlorophyll damage but also experience changes in morphological shape. This research aims to quantify the symptoms of Begomovirus infection based on morphological changes in leaf shape using digital image processing and data mining algorithms that will facilitate monitoring and analysis of plant disease development. A total of 33 images of cayenne pepper leaves with yellow curly symptoms and without symptoms became the dataset of this study. Using the Fiji-ImageJ application, the chili leaf images were processed and extracted in the shape characteristics, i.e., circularity, aspect ratio, roundness, and solidity. Furthermore, a t-test and image clustering using the Simple K-Means algorithm was conducted, followed by evaluation of the accuracy of the clustering results based on the ARI and NMI indexes. The results showed that, in general, there was a significant difference in shape between symptomatic and non-symptomatic leaves. The ratio and solidity value of leaves with yellow curly symptom was smaller than those of non-symptomatic chili leaves. In contrast, circularity and roundness value of symptomatic leaves was larger than those of non-symptomatic chili leaves. Evaluation of the accuracy of samples grouping for cayenne pepper leaves with and without symptoms based on the ARI and NMI indicated that grouping them into two groups gave the best value

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