Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Ketahanan Biokimia Tanaman Cabai terhadap Begomovirus Penyebab Penyakit Daun Keriting Kuning
Get PDFPlant biochemical resistance towards virus infection can be evaluated through measurement of salicylic acid accumulation and peroxidase concentration. A research was conducted to study biochemical resistance of chillipepper to infection of Pepper yellow leaf curl Begomovirus (PYLCV) the causal agent of pepper yellow leaf curl disease. Virus inoculation was done using insect vector, Bemisia tabaci. Salicylic acid accumulation and peroxidase concentration on 6 chillipepper genotypes (35C2, IPB C15, IPB C26, IPB C10, IPB C14, dan IPB C12) was measured 120 h after inoculation. The results showed that salicylic acid accumulation and peroxidase concentration were higher on plants after virus infection. Susceptible genotypes (35C2, IPB C15, IPB C26) tend to have higher salicylic acid accumulation and peroxidase concentration than those of resistant genotype (IPB C12). Positive correlation was observed between biochemical resistance (salicylic acid accumulation) and structural resistance (length of palisade meshophyll cell).Key words: Begomovirus, Pepper yellow leaf curl virus, peroxide enzyme, resistance mechanism, salicylic aci
Laporan Pertama tentang Infeksi Polerovirus pada Tanaman Cabai di Daerah Bali, Indonesia
Get PDFDuring a visit to Bali Island in September 2011, we found chilipepper plants exhibiting yellowing symptoms. The infected plants showed quite similar symptom to those of the recently reported Pepper yellow leaf curl virus from Israel and Japan, but there was no shortening of internodes or leaf rolling. We have amplified part of the genome of a virus associated with this disease using degenerate primers for members of the genus Polerovirus. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from symptom-bearing samples resulted in the amplification of a 650 bp band which is the expected size. RT-PCR from healthy samples did not produce an amplicon. Based on our results, we concluded that yellowing disease on chilipepper observed in Payangan, Gianyar, Bali is associated with a virus belonging to the genus Polerovirus. This is the first report on Polerovirus infection in chilipepper in Indonesia. Some researches for elucidation of the virus species and biological/molecular characters are being conducted.Key word: chilipepper, Indonesia, Poleroviru
Identifikasi Rizobakteria Asal Tanaman Cabai Berdasarkan Sekuen Gen 16S rRNA
Get PDFRhizobacteria was reported to have a potential role as inducer of systemic resistance in several host plants. Five isolates of rhizobacteria (RbTD1-3, RbTD1-8, RbPdGN-3, RbAg1-5, RbLPK1-9) were isolated from rhizosphere of chillipepper plants in West Sumatera. Identification of rhizobacteria was conducted by polymerase chain reaction using primers 27F and 1525R which amplified 16S rRNA region. DNA fragment of 1.5 kb was succesfully amplified from 4 isolates (RbLPK1-9, RbPdGN-3, RbTD1-3 and RbTD1-8) and subjected to direct sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based-on 16S rRNA sequences showed that isolate RbLPK1-9 has a close relationship with Pseudomonas fluorescen Biotipe G (92%), whereas isolates RbTD1-3, RbTD1-8 and RbPdGN-3 have a close relationship with Bacillus subtilis 10407 (57%).Key words: polymerase chain reaction, rhizobacteria, 16S rRN
Lima Ekstrak Tumbuhan untuk Menekan Infeksi Bean common mosaic virus pada Tanaman Kacang Panjang
Get PDFBean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is one of major virus infecting legumes and is difficult to manage. Utilization of plant extracts as systemic resistance inducer against virus is needed to study. The aim of the research is to evaluate the potency of five leaf extracts, i.e. from pagoda flower, spiny amaranth, four o’clock flower, Chenopodium amaranticolor, and herba andrographitis against BCMV. The effectiveness of leaf extracts were tested by spraying yard long bean leaves. Plants treated by spine spinach shown varied symptoms, while other treatments showed mild mosaic up to symptomless. The highest to lowest of disease incidence was showed by crude leaf extract of spine spinach (70%), four o’clock (10%), herba andrographitis (10%), while C. amaranticolor and pagoda are still uninfected. These results had positive correlation to disease severity and virus inhibition. Four of five tested leaf extracts, except spine spinach, showed their potency as systemic resistance inducer against BCMV. Key words: BCMV, plant extract, yard long bea
Penyebab Penyakit Layu pada Tanaman Semangka di Karawang, Jawa Barat
Get PDFWilt disease of watermelon is an important disease in Indonesia, but determination of the causal agent has not been reported yet. Postulat Koch based approach was conducted to determine the pathogen causing wilt of watermelon from Karawang, West Java. Fungi associated with wilt symptoms were isolated from stem and root, then the fungal colonies were identified based on their morphological characters. Pathogenicity tests were performed using soil media and wet paper. Host range study involved other Cucurbitaceae plants, i.e. cucumber, melon and paria. Three species of Fusarium were successfully isolated from plants showing wilt symptom, i.e. F. oxysporum, F. solani, and F. semitectum. The fungus F. oxysporum consistently caused the most severe wilt symptom on watermelon, but developed no symptom on other tested cucurbits. The two fungi, F. solani and F. semitectum, caused necrotic on roots and stem of watermelon followed by wilting of the plant. The symptom was different than those of the initial symptoms from the field. Therefore it concluded that wilt symptom of watermelon is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum. Key words: Cucurbitaceae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum, species identification, wil
Evaluasi Tiga Metode Preparasi RNA Total untuk Deteksi Turnip mosaic potyvirus dari Benih Brassica rappa dengan Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction
Get PDFTurnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an important seedborne virus that infects vegetable crops, especially Brassicae group, in Indonesia. Reliable detection method having high accuracy is required to detect the virus from seeds in order to avoid disease incidence as early as possible. A study was conducted to evaluate three total RNA extraction methods from Brassica seeds for TuMV detection using reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. The samples used are Brassica rappa seeds and seedling germinated for 3, 5, and 7 days. Total RNA extraction methods evaluated consisted of Wylie method, Randles method, and commercial kit as comparation. Total RNA extracted using Wylie and Randles methods has high concentration but low level of purity, on the other hand total RNA obtained using commercial kit has low concentration but high level of purity. Detection of TuMV from seed was successfully carried out using Wylie and Randles methods, TuMV from 3 - day old seedlings was detected using all three methodes, TuMV from 5-day old seedlings was only detected using Randles method, whereas TuMV from 7-day old seedlings was not detected using all three methodes. Total RNA extraction method using Wylie and Randles methodes is recommended for detection of TuMV from caisin seed using RT-PCR technique. Key words: Brassica rappa seed, reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction, Total RNA, Turnip mosaic potyviru
Pemanfaatan Kitosan untuk Mengendalikan Antraknosa pada Pepaya (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) dan Meningkatkan Daya Simpan Buah
Get PDFAnthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is an important disease infecting fleshy fruits. The efficacy of chitosan to suppress C. gloeosporioides infection and its ability to increase the length of fruit storage was evaluated. C. gloeosporioides was isolated and purified from mature papaya. Chitosan was mixed in the potato dextrose agar, and sprayed on the surface of papaya fruit with the concentration of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1%. It showed that chitosan concentration of 0.75-1% inhibited C. gloeosporioides growth in vitro up to 72.17-85.21%. Application of chitosan on fruit at concentration of 0.25% suppressed the disease incidence and severity; whereas chitosan concentration of 0.75% was able to suppress the disease incidence, severity, and increase the length of fruit storage twice longer than control.Key words: anthracnose, chitosan, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, papaya, the length of storage
Infeksi Papaya ringspot virus pada Tanaman Pepaya di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam
Get PDFSevere mosaic symptoms was observed on papaya plants in Meusa village, Kutablang sub district, Bireun district and Lambaro Teunom village, Lembah Seulawah sub district, Aceh Besar district. Systemic mosaic was found in leaves, stem, twig, and fruit. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect the virus causing mosaic symptoms using universal primer for Potyvirus. Amplification of 320 bp DNA fragment was successfully obtained from leaves and fruits bearing severe mosaic symptoms. Nucleotide sequencing was proceeded using the DNA amplicon as the template. Further sequence analysis indicated that Potyvirus isolates from papaya in Aceh show the highest homology (92.7% to 94.7%) with Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) from Philippines, Thailand, and Indonesia. This is the first report on PRSV infection on papaya in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province. Key words: Potyvirus, RT-PCR, sequencing
Perlakuan Udara Panas sebagai Tindakan Karantina terhadap Biji Kedelai
Get PDFIntroduction and dissemination of plant disease agents can be avoided through physical treatment on agricultural commodities as pre and post harvest treatment. Research was conducted to find effective quarantine treatment to eradicate fungi infestation on soybean seed. Four fungi species were chosen for this study, i.e. Cercospora sp., Sclerotium rolfsii, Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes, and Pestalotia sp. The evaluation was conducted for seed, seedling, bean oilcake, and fungi culture using hot air treatment on 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 °C and control for 5 h. In general, heat treatment caused suppression significantly on seed germination and seedling growth. However, heat treatment on 45, 50 and 55 °C resulted on lower infestation of fungi on seed, and no infestation was observed on 65 and 70 °CKey words: eradication, quarantine treatment, heat treatmen
Keragaman Fusarium pada Rizosfer Tanaman Kacang Panjang dan Peranannya bagi Pertumbuhan Tanaman
Get PDFFusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum is one of the important diseases on yard long bean. Besides of its capability of causing diseases in plants, some species of Fusarium are non pathogenic and able to control Fusarium wilt as naturally occured in disease suppressive soils. The objective of this study was to observe the rhizosphere Fusarium diversity and its role on the plant growth of yard long bean. Out of 56 isolates collected during the study, four species were identified, including F. oxysporum (39.3%), F. semitectum (28.6%), F. longipes (12.5%), F. solani (5.3%), and one unidentified Fusarium sp. (14.3%). The highest diversity index was obtained from the field planted with corn as previous crop. In general, 56 isolates tested could be differentiated into 3 groups based on their effects on plan growth, i.e.: deleterious that caused wilting or growth suppressive without wilting (50.0%), neutral that no significantly difference growth as untreated (41.1%), and growth promoting (8.9%). All three isolated Fusarium causing plant wilting identified as F. oxysporum, while isolates with growth promoting effect were identified as F. oxysporum (4 isolates) and F. solani (1 isolate). These five selected growth promoting Fusarium also suppressed the wilt disease and increased the plant growth when co inoculated with wilt pathogen of yard long bean, F. oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphillum.Key words: diversity, Fusarium, long yard bean, rhizospher