Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Pengaruh Empat Galur Bakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Waktu Inokulasi Virus terhadap Keparahan Penyakit Daun Keriting Kuning Cabai
Get PDFPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has effectively reduced infection of pathogens. Bacillus polimixa BG25, B. subtilis SB3, Pseudomonas fluorescens PG01, P. fluorescens S32, and their combinations were used as seed treatment. Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was used to inoculate Geminivirus at 3, 5, and 6 weeks after planting. Seeds without any bacteria treatment were used as controlled plant. Treatment of PGPR and time of inoculation were significantly effect disease intensity, but not incubation period. Late infection of Geminivirus reduced disease intensity. Based on measurement of plant height, number of branch, and flowers it was concluded that some bacterial treatments was significantly effect plant growth. Key words: Bemisia tabaci, Geminivirus, PGPR, plant growth promoting rhizobacteri
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Secara Molekuler Ganoderma spp. yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang di Kelapa Sawit
Get PDFA number of Ganoderma spp. isolates was isolated from oil palms attacked by basal stem rot (BSR) disease in Padang and Pontianak plantations. Genetic polymorphism of these isolates was analyzed based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of ribosomal DNA region. In addition, a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was also performed to determine the association of the isolates with BSR disease. The isolated Ganoderma spp. showed high DNA polymorphism and there was no obvious genetic clustering of isolates that may correspond to their geographical position in Padang and Pontianak. This indicated that exchange of DNA between Ganoderma spp. infecting oil palm is not uncommon. This can be explained by the heterothallic nature of Ganoderma spp. in which DNA recombination occurs during sexual reproduction between different thalli. RFLP analysis showed that ITS fragments from all Ganoderma spp. isolates were digested with restriction enzymes MluI and SacI. This indicated that the anoderma spp. isolates were specific for oil palm and thus associated with the BSR.Key words: basal stem rot, Ganoderma spp., internal transcribed spacer, oil pal
Puccinia xanthii Penyebab Bercak Daun pada Xanthium sp. di Indonesia
Get PDFAn obligate plant parasitic rust fungi found on leaf of Xanthium sp. that grows wildly in Raihat County, Belu District of East Nusa Tenggara Province. Morphological observation of the fungal structure under compound light microscope revealed the fungus belongs to Puccinia. Spore is pedicelate, the pedicles were hyaline, 10,0-(20,9)-30.0 μm long and 3.8-(4.9)-7.5 μm wide; the teliospores were orange to light brown color, 22.5-43.9)-55.0 μm long, and 15.0-(17.3) 20.0 μm wide; the apical thickening wall present at the spore tip, 3.8-(6.6)-10.0 μm thick and has microcyclic life cycle type. The fungus was identified as Puccinia xanthii and this is the first report the occurrence of the fungus in Indonesia.Key words: leaf spot, Puccinia xanthii, Xanthiu
Sapu pada Kacang Hias (Arachis pintoi): Penyakit Baru yang Berasosiasi dengan Fitoplasma
Get PDFPinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) witches’ broom is a new disease found in Bogor at high incidence and has not yet been reported elsewhere. Symptom type of the disease is very similar to that of peanut (A. hypogea) witches’ broom, which has been well known to be associated with phytoplasma. Both A. pintoi and A. hypogea witches’ broom causal agent are transmissible to both healthy A. pintoi or A. hypogea, with grafting or vector transmission using peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma specific vector, Orosius argentatus. All combination of transmission means resulted in an identical type of witches’ broom symptom. Further confirmation using polymerase chain reaction detection and identification of phytoplasma employing universal primer pair for phytoplasmas (P1/P7), showed that all of the diseased plants, either from field or transmitted plants is associated with phytoplasma. The A. pintoi witches’ broom phytoplasma is likely identical to that of A. hypogea.Key words: Arachis pintoi, Orosius argentatus, phytoplasma, witches’ broo
Identifikasi Spesies Meloidogyne spp. Penyebab Umbi Bercabang pada Tanaman Wortel di Jawa Timur
Get PDFBranched tuber is a new disease in carrot cultivation in Indonesia and has caused big losses for farmers. In 2010, several species of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., were reported as the primary cause of disease and the yield loss due to the disease in the region of Agropolitan-Cianjur, West Java, reached 15% to 95%. Symptoms of tuber branching has also been reported in one of the centers of vegetable production in East Java, in the subdistrict of Bumiaji, Kota Batu. Research aimed at identifying Meloidogyne species on carrot was carried out on carrot plantation. The study consisted of two activities, i.e. surveillance and identification. Surveillance was carried out at three different altitudes/elevations, i.e. 1600 m, 1700 m and 1800 m asl (above sea level). Identification was done by PCR ITS r-DNA using multiplex primer for mix spesies identification of M. hapla, M. fallax, and M. chitwoodi and the spesific primer for identification of M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica. Identification based on ITS r-NA by PCR gave positive results for four species, namely M. hapla, M. arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica.Key words: branched tuber disease, carrot, Meloidogyne, PCR ITS r-DN
Keagresifan Beberapa Isolat Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi Asal Temanggung dan Boyolali Setelah Penyimpanan dalam Tanah Steril
Get PDFPreservation of fungi isolates is needed for further research but usually the preservation treatment is only concerned on life span and growth of the fungi. This research aimed at knowing life span and aggressivity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi isolates from ginger cv. Gajah after preserving for three years in sterile soil. Completely Randomized Design and Randomized Block Design were used for in vitro and in planta test, respectively, with 10 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi from Temanggung, 8 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi from Boyolali, and 1 control, each repeated three times. Variables observed were incubation period, infected area, disease intensity, rhizome wet weight, number of leaves, and crop height. Result of the research showed that all isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi could still grew well. Based on origin of the isolates, the highest aggressivity on ginger rhizome was TKO3 from Temanggung and BAO6 from Boyolali with infected area of 67.67 mm2 and 56.67 mm2, respectively. On ginger crop, the highest aggressivity was BAO1 from Boyolali and TPO2 from Temanggung with disease intensity of 68.09% and 38.13%, respectively. All isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi did not cause significantly different effect on incubation period, disease intensity, crop height, leaves total, and rhizome wet weight but they caused significantly different effect on infected area. Key word: aggressivity, Fusarium oxysporum, ginger, preservation, steril soi
Potensi Ekstrak Kangkung sebagai Biofungisida untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Busuk Buah Fusarium pada Tomat
Get PDFOne of the important pathogens on tomato is Fusarium sp. causing wilt and fruit rot. This study aims to investigate the potency of water spinach (Ipomea aquatica) as a biofungicide for inhibiting growth and development of tomato fruit rot caused by Fusarium sp. This study showed inhibiting ability of I. aquatica stem extract to Fusarium sp. growth ranges from 3.40% to 8.67%, while inhibiting ability of leaves extract can reach 3.40% to 45.55%. Resistance induction test showed that in vitro treatment of I. aquatica leaves extract 20% can lengthen incubation time of Fusarium fruit rot compared to positive and negative control. Leaves extract of I. aquatica 20% is potential as biofungicide.Key words: biofungicide, Fusarium sp., Ipomea aquatic
Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit Menggunakan Teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (Detection of Endophytic Fungi Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique)
Get PDFYellow leaf curl disease, caused by a member of Begomovirus (Geminiviridae), is one of important diseases of chilli pepper in Indonesia. Exploration of endophytic fungi was initiated in order to find biological control agents for an alternative control strategies of this disease. Isolates of endophytic fungi were collected from chilli pepper growing area in Sleman, Yogyakarta and further identification using molecular technique involving polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing was performed. DNA fragments of ±500 bp were successfully amplified from 10 fungal isolates by PCR using primer pair ITS1/ITS4, but only 8 DNA sequences was obtained for further genetic analysis. Based on BLASTN analysis the endophytic fungi were identified as having the highest similarity with Pleosporaceae sp. (98%) for H1 isolate, Cercospora nicotianae (100%) for H5 isolate, ercospora piaropi (98%) for H11 isolate, Guignardia mangiferae (99%) for H16 isolate, Geomyces pannorum 95%) for H17 isolate, Diaporthe phaseoloru (99%) for H18 isolate, Dothideomycete sp. (100%) for K3 isolate, and Alternaria longissima (99%) for K10 isolate. Key words: Begomovirus, chillipepper, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reactio
Laporan Pertama tentang Penyakit Busuk Arang pada Kacang Tanah
Get PDFPeanut charcoal rot disease was first observed in Bogor,West Java in June 2010, and Serang, Banten in January 2012. Infected plants in the field showed root and stem rot, discoloration of stems and/or branches. Severe infection may cause wilting of foliage then plant dried out. Based on microscopic observation Macrophomina phaseolina was constantly associated with diseased plants from those two areas. Hot temperature and low rainfall might favour disease development. This is the first report of charcoal rot disease of peanut in West Java and Banten. Key words: charcoal rot, Macrophomina phaseolina, peanu
Isolasi Bakteri Endofit Asal Padi Gogo dan Potensinya sebagai Agens Biokontrol dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan
Get PDFStudies on endophytic bacteria has been increasing recently due to its potency to promote plant growth and induce plant tolerance to pests and diseases. The research was undergone to isolate endophytic bacteria from different varieties of upland rice from various growing regions in Indonesia, followed by evaluation of their biocontrol and plant growth activities. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was based-on surface-sterilized method using alcohol and NaOCl on trypsic soy agar (TSA) media. More than 200 isolates was successfully isolated and the selected isolates were subjected to in vitro assay for their ability to produce antibiotic and promote plant growth. The result showed 41 isolates of endophytic bacteria had antibiosis activity to Rhizoctonia solani, 25 isolates to Pyricularia grisea on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and 8 isolates showed antibiosis activity to both R. solani and P. grisea on both PDA and TSA. The result of plant growth test, showed 12 isolates of endophytic bacteria induced the growth of root and shoot of rice plant.This indicated that some of the endophytic bacteria have the potency as biocontrol agents and inducer of plant growth.Key words: endophytic bacteria, Pyricularia grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, upland ric