Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Ketahanan Galur Padi Hibrida Potensi Hasil Tinggi terhadap Penyakit Tungro
Get PDFABSTRACT Wild rice Oryza rufipogon accession can be used as a source of resistance genes to develop elite rice varieties for Rice tungro virus. This study aimed to examine some potential high yield rice lines developed by crossing IR64 with O. rufipogon for their response to three isolates of Rice tungro virus originating from Bogor, Sumedang, and Bali. Virus transmission was done by insect vector, Nephottetix virescens. Variation on plant response was observed. Three lines i.e. Bio5-AC-Blas/BLB, Bio62-AC-Blas/BLB-03, Bio111-BC-Pir7, showed stabile resistance response to all isolates of Rice tungro virus; 6 lines i.e. Bio132-AC2-Blas, Bio138-AC2-Blas, Bio148-Mamol-Dro, Bio154-Mamol-Dro, Bio159-Mamol-Dro, Bio 153-Mamol-Dro were moderately resistance. Virus isolates from Sumedang and Bali is more virulence than isolate from Bogor based on observation on incubation period, disease severity and suppression of plant height
Identifikasi Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang pada Jeruk
Get PDFOne major disease of citrus is basal stem rot which may cause significant constraint on citrus production in Indonesia. Research was initiated to identify the causal agent of basal stem rot disease from 11 citrus growing areas in Indonesia. Identification of fungal pathogens was based on macroscopic and microscopic observation of morphological characters. Koch Postulate was conducted to confirm the causal agent of the disease. Two fungal pathogens, Botryodiplodia theobromae, and Phytophthora citrophthora were found associated with basal stem rot disease. B. theobromaewere isolated from all plant samples, whereas P. citrophthorawas only isolated on samples from Soe (East Nusa Tenggara). Characteristic symptoms of basal stem rot disease was developed on plants inoculated with B. theobromae and P. citrophthora; this confirmed that two fungal isolates was the causal agent of basal stem rot disease
Perkembangan Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri pada Tiga Varietas Padi Sawah yang Diinokulasi pada Beberapa Fase Pertumbuhan
Get PDFBacterial leaf blight is an important disease of rice plant and could damage up to 50%. This study aimed to evaluate development of the bacterial leaf blight disease on three rice varieties which inoculated at various growth stage. The results of this study showed that IR64 variety which inoculated at seedling stage has shortest incubation period as well as disease severity i.e. 4.25 day after inoculation and 90%, respectively, while Cisantana variety which inoculated at generative stage showed the lowest of disease severity (< 40%). The highest number of panicles obtained on without inoculation treatment i.e an average of 10 panicles. Therefore growth stage and rice variety influenced to bacterial leaf blight disease development, the younger the plant infected, the faster the progression of the bacterial leaf disease. IR64 variety is highly susceptible to bacterial leaf blight disease.
Serangan Tribolium castaneum pada Beras di Penyimpanan dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Serangan Cendawan dan Susut Bobot
Get PDFTribolium castaneum is an important insect pest of stored milled rice in Indonesia. The effect of T. castaneum on fungal infection of stored milled rice was investigated together with moisture content and weight loss. Milled rice were placed in glass jars (250 g/jar) and infested with 5, 10, and 20 pairs of T. castaneum. As control, the jars contained only milled rice. Three replications were made for each treatment (including the control). The jars were stored in storage room for 1, 2, and 3 months. Moisture contents (based on wet weight) of milled rice were determined using the oven method. Fungi were isolated and enumerated using dilution plating, followed by pour plate method on Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar (DG18). Weight loss (based on dry weight) was determined after 3 months of storage.The results showed, that the population of adult T. castaneum increased with the increase in the number of pairs of infested T. castaneum and storage duration. The moisture contents of milled rice were relatively constant during storage. It was assumed, that the moisture contents were more influenced by the environmental conditions rather than the occurrence of T. castaneum. Nineteen fungal species were isolated Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium citrinum were the dominant fungal species. Total fungal population decreased after 2 and 3 months of storage, with the increase in the number of pairs of infested T. castaneum. Weight loss increased with the increase in the number of pairs of infested T. castaneum. Based on weight loss of milled rice, the best storage duration was found when the number of pairs of T. castaneum was five pairs, the duration of storage was 1, 2 or 3 months of storage
Aplikasi Trichoderma koningii dan Pseudomonas berfluoresensi untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Cabai di Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara
Get PDFMajor diseases on chili in Minahasa are bacterial wilt, anthracnose, and mosaic caused by virus infection. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effectiveness of two microbes, Trichoderma koningii and fluorescent Pseudomonas, as biocontrol agents for major diseases of chili. Field experiment was conducted in Toure Village, Tompaso Baru, District of Minahasa. The treatments used were without biocontrol agents, T. koningii, fluorescent Pseudomanas, combination of T. koningii and fluorescent Pseudomanas. The results indicated that application of T. koningii, fluorescent Pseudomonas, and combination of the two biocontrol agents were only successfully suppressed incidence of bacterial wilt, but not of anthracnose nor mosaic diseases. Combination of the two biocontrol agents were able to improve yield of chili
Kemampuan Aktinomiset Menghambat Pertumbuhan Sclerotium rolfsii dan Pembiakannya pada Medium Serbuk Gergaji
Get PDFAntagonistics microorganisms, such as actinomycetes, are potential biological control agents for plant diseases. Mass culture of actinomycetes to provide enough inoculum for field application is sometimes costly. Therefore alternative medium with simple preparation and relatively less costly is required for mass culture of actinomycetes. This research was conducted to evaluate the ability of 4 actinomycetes isolates, i.e. APS 7, APS 9, APS 12, and ATS 5, in suppressing growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro and to assess the growth of actinomycetes in alternatif medium containing organic wastes, i.e sawdust and bran. Among 4 tested isolates of actinomycetes only APS 7 showed its potency as biocontrol agents for S. rolfsii with growth suppression rate of 91.73% after 3 weeks incubation. In general, both sawdust and bran has the potency as culture medium for APS 7. After 8 weeks incubation period the average population of actinomycetes grew in culture medium containing sawdust and bran was 335 x 106 cfu/g and 331 x 106 cfu/g, respectively.Key words: biocontrol agents, bran, organic wast
Ketahanan Tiga Varietas Jahe terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi in Vitro dan in Planta
Get PDFFusarium oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi is the causal agent of dry rot on ginger and could highly effect ginger production. Resistant variety is one of disease control strategy that is recommended. Various ginger varieties are available but their response to F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi has not been reported. In this study three ginger varieties were evaluated for their resistence to F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi based on in vitro and in planta inoculalation method. Gadjah and Emprit varieties were considered moderately susceptible whereas Merah varieties was moderately resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. zingiberi. pathogen will be indicated.Key words: dry rot disease, ginger var. Merah, resistant variety, resistanc
Potensi Cuka Kayu Pinus dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Antraknosa pada Cabai Merah
Get PDFAnthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici is a major disease on red chili which causes great economic losses. Wood vinegar, as a result of condensation of smoke, can be used as bactericide and fungicide. The use of pine wood vinegar is prospective for controlling anthracnose disease. The objective of this research was to study the potency of pine wood vinegar in controlling anthracnose on red chili. In vitro test was carried out to measure the inhibition of pine wood vinegar against the growth of mycelium mass and the germination of the conidium of C. capsici. The treatments were the concentration of the pine wood vinegar, i.e. 0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5 %, and a fungicide (2% of antracol) as comparison. The results showed that the lower the concentration of the pine wood vinegar, the lower the inhibition of the mycelium growth. The highest inhibition of the mycelium growth (76.1%) was caused by 5% of the pine wood vinegar, followed by 41.04% inhibition caused by 4.5% concentration. There was no germination of the conidium on all treatments
Keefektifan Bakteri Endofit dan Bakteri Perakaran Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman dalam Menekan Penyakit Layu Bakteri pada Tomat
Get PDFBacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease on tomato. Endophytic bacteria and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria has been reported as potential biocontrol agent for many plant diseases. Research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of some isolates of endophytic bacteria (BC10, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, dan Staphylococcus epidermidis BC4) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescence RH4003, Bacillus subtilis AB89) as biocontrol agents for tomato wilt disease. Bacterial isolates was applied as soil drench on tomato seedling in single or combination treatments. Combination of P. fluorescens RH4003 and isolate BC10 (F1*BC10) enhanced the highest plant height, although plant dry mass among treatments was not significantly different. Single application of S. epidermidis BC4 was significantly suppressed disease incidence
Interaksi antara Bakteri Endofit dan Bakteri Perakaran Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman dalam Menekan Penyakit Layu Bakteri pada Tomat
Get PDFOne of the factors affected production of tomato is the incidence of bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. An alternative control to manage the disease which is environmentally friendly is the use of biocontrol agents. Application of endophytic bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis BC4) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens RH4003 and Bacillus subtilis AB89) as biocontrol of tomato bacterial wilt was expected to be an alternative method. The objective of this study is to evaluate the interaction among endophytic bacteria and PGPR to suppress the development of bacterial wilt disease (R. solanacearum) and promoting the growth of tomato. Bacterial treatment which caused the highest suppression on disease incidence was single application of P. fluorescens RH4003. Disease index caused by S. epidermidis BC4 and P. fluorescens RH4003 applied individually was up to 41.18 dan 45.88%, respectively. Interaction between the endophytic bacteria and both of the PGPRs were antagonistic