Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Deteksi dan Identifikasi Potyvirus pada Ubi Jalar di Tana Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan
Get PDFTypical viral symptoms including chlorotic and uneven interveinal yellowing on leaves without leaf malformation was observed on sweet potato field in Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi. To identify the causal of the disease, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DNA sequencing were carried out to detect the virus from infected plants. RT-PCR using universal primer for C1 gene of Potyvirus was successfully amplified approximately 683bp DNA fragment. The nucleotide sequences of this C1 gene fragment showed 98% homology to Sweet potato virus G (SPVG). Amplification using specific primer for coat protein (CP) gene of SPVG followed by DNA sequencing confirmed the association of SPVG from infected plants. Further nucleotide analysis shwowed that SPVG isolate from Tana Toraja had 99.2% homology to isolate from Japan. This is the firstt report of SPVG infection on sweet potato in South Sulawesi
Pengaruh Kemasaman, Suhu, dan Cahaya terhadap Golovinomyces sordidus Penyebab Penyakit Embun Tepung pada Plantago major
Get PDFUnidentified powdery mildew was found on leaves of a medicinal plant, Plantago major in Indonesia. The present studies were aimed to identify the causal fungal species of powdery mildew of P. major and study the effect of acidity, temperature and light on the causal fungus. Identification was conducted by observing morphological characteristics of the fungus scraped from diseased leaves under light microscope. The infection process was observed by staining the inoculated leaves followed observation under light microscope. Conidia were suspended in various pH solutions to examine effect of pH on conidial germination and hyphal length. For testing effects of temperature on conidial germination and hyphal length, conidial suspensions were dropped onto glass slides then incubated in temperature ranges from 20–35 °C, the germinating conidia and length of the existing hypha were counted and measured 24 hours later. With the same method as above the glass slides were incubated in 25 °C either in the dark or exposed under illuminated white light tube (400 Lux) for study effect of light on conidial germination. The causal fungus was identified as Golovinomyces sordidus (syn. Erysiphe sordida) with its anamorph state as Oidium. The germinating conidia penetrate directly into leaf tissue within 24 hours. The optimal conditions for the conidia to germinate are pH between 4 and 7, temperature between 25 °C and 30 °C, and dark condition.
Integrasi Teknik Invigorasi Benih dengan Rizobakteri untuk Pengendalian Penyakit dan Peningkatan Hasil Tomat
Get PDFThe effects of pre-planted seed invigoration treatment integrated with rhizobacteria were studied in an attempt to control fusarium wilt disease and to improve yield of tomato in the field. Seed treatments consisted of seed invigoration with single or mixture rhizobacteria, burned rice husk or sawdust seed matriconditioning, integrated seed matriconditioning with single or mixture rhizobacteria, seed hydration, and fungicide seed treatment. The result showed that the most effective treatment was the integration of rice hull charcoal seed matriconditioning with Bacillus polymixa BG25. The seed treatment increased total fruit and fruit weight by 40% and 166% , respectively. The treatment was also effective in suppressing disease incidence by 70%. Based on this experiment, rhizobacteria B. polymixa BG25 integrated with rice hull charcoal seed matriconditioning can be recommended as biocontrol agents in improving yield and controlling fusarium wilt disease of tomato.
Virulensi Isolat Rice tungro virus dari Beberapa Daerah Endemis Tungro di Indonesia
Get PDFThe research was conducted to distinguish the virulence of Rice tungro virus (RTV) isolates from several tungro disease endemic areas in Indonesia based on their response in differential cultivars of rice. Eight isolates of RTV were collected from several tungro endemic regions in Indonesia i.e. Bali (Denpasar), South Kalimantan (Tanah Laut), South Sulawesi (Lanrang), West Java (Subang and Bogor), Central Java (Solo), East Java (Jember), and West Nusa Tenggara (Mataram). The isolates were maintained on TN1 rice cultivar in greenhouse by successive transfers via Nephotettix virescens. Each isolate was subsequently passed on to FK135 and TN1 rice cultivars. Four week after inoculation, plants responses were observed to compare their symptom and infectivity on the differential cultivars. The results showed that the level of virulence of RTV isolate from tungro disease endemic areas in Indonesia can be classified into 3 levels. The highest virulence were RTV isolates from West Jawa, the moderate level of virulence were RTV isolates from East Java, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, and West Nusa Tenggara, the low level of virulence were RTV isolates from Bali and Central Java.Key words: differential cultivar, Nephotettix virescens, rice, tungro disease
Minyak Nilam sebagai Biofungisida untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Antraknosa Cabai
Get PDFAnthracnose caused by C. capsici is the most important factor causing low yield on chili in Indonesia. A research was conducted to examine to examine the potential of patchouli oil in suppressing anthracnose disease development on chili. In vitro test was conducted by growing C. capsici on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium that has been added with different concentration of patchouli oil, i.e. 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625%. Negative controls treatment (Kn) was conducted by growing C. capsici on PDA without patchouli oil, whereas positive controls (Kp) was conducted by growing C. capsici on PDA containing mancozeb fungicide. Patchouli oil -A significantly suppressed the growth of C. capsici compared to patchouli oil-B on 10 days after harvest, i.e. 91.15% suppression for all concentration level except for 0.625% which caused 85.92% suppression. Further examination using patchouli oil-A showed that incubation period on curative test was 8 days after inoculation (DAI) whereas on preventive and induced resistance test were 5 DAI. Disease severity at 10 DAI reached 4.8%, 23.20%, and 29.60% on curative, preventive, and induced resistance tests, respectively. Disease severity was 29.60% and 68.80% on positive control and negative control, respectively
Aplikasi Cendawan Endofit terhadap Perkembangan Populasi Nematoda Radopholus similis pada Pisang Barangan
Get PDFRadopholus similis is a major constraint to banana production in the world including Indonesia and growers have relied on nematicides to manage yield losses. The use of endophytic fungi is one method that may reduce the need for nematicides, however little is known on the effective application method of endophytic fungi to control R. similis. The aim of this research was to find out an effective application method of endophytic fungi to reduce R.similispopulation on banana. Fifteen isolates of endophytic fungi originated from banana corm and root collected from banana plantation in North Sumatera were applied to Barangan cultivar by sowing and deeping methods. The isolates was contained of 11 isolates of Fusarium sp. (2BSTMHMM, 3ASTMHP, 5ASP, 1ASU, 4BSP, 4BJP, 5BKJP, 4BSU, 1BJP, 2 BSP, and 4BKJP) and 4 isolates ofTrichoderma sp. (2BSTMHP, 4BSTMHP, 2BSPH, and 2BSTMHH). All of these endophytic fungi were able to suppress the population of R. similis and they had potential to promote plant growth
Isolasi dan Penapisan in Vitro Aktinomiset untuk Mengendalikan Xanthomonas
Get PDFNursery disease frequently found on Acacia crassicarpa seedlings is bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas sp. Disease symptom starts as a small fleck on the leaf which may then develop to leaf strike or leaf blight if the environmental factors are conducive to disease development. Actinomycetes are soil microorganisms that produce biologically active substances such as enzymes and antibiotics. These compounds could inhibit growth of other microorganisms, particularly bacteria. Thus, Actinomycetes are considered as potential candidates of biocontrol agents for plant pathogens. In the current study Actinomycetes isolated from a wide range of localities were screened for their efficacy against Xanthomonas sp. in vitro. The objective of this study was to obtain Actinomycete isolates effective against Xanthomonas, to mitigate impact of the pathogen on quality of A. crassicarpa seedlings. All Actinomycete collections were isolated from soil by a chain of enrichment isolation procedures. The antibiotic activities were investigated through antimicrobial screening tests using paper discs on assay plates. Of the 75 Actinomycete isolates originally collected and screened, 5 isolates showed good antimicrobial activities against Xanthomonas and are therefore considered as potential biocontrol agent candidates
Pengendalian Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora pada Bibit Kakao dengan Trichoderma asperellum
Get PDFPhytophthora leaf blight caused by Phytophthora palmivora is one constraint in cacao seedling in Indonesia. Generally, synthetic fungicides were applied to control this disease but its negative impact is becoming obvious recently. Research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of two Trichoderma asperellum isolates, ARBT-1 and ART-4, to suppress disease development. The two isolates were applied through seed treatment with spore concentrations of 104 mL-1, 105 mL-1, and 106 mL-1. The results showed that disease incidence on seedling treated with different spore concentrations of ARBT-1 was 39.0%, 23.6%, and 21.8%, respectively and those with ART-4 was 30.6%, 25.7%, and 30.8%, respectively, whereas disease incidence reached 90.3% for control at 21 days after inoculation of the pathogen. Observations on cocoa leaf tissues showed that the two isolates were found in leaf tissue, indicating that T. asperellum is an endophyte.Key words: antagonistic fungi, seedling, seed treatmen
Keparahan Penyakit Daun Keriting Kuning dan Pertumbuhan Populasi Kutukebul pada Beberapa Genotipe Cabai
Get PDFIncidence of yellow leaf curl disease on chili pepper is very common in Indonesia and becomes major production constrain. The causal agent, Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV), is only transmitted by insect vector, i.e. whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Research was conducted to determine response of 6 chili pepper genotypes [Meteor, Rimbun, Tornado, F1(12X14), IPBC12, and 35C2] against infection of PYLCV and population growth of whitefly on each genotypes. Transmission of PYLCV to chili pepper genotypes was done using whitefly. Whitefly was maintained on each chili pepper genotypes to evaluate its population growth. Genotype IPBC12 was resistant to PYLCV having disease severity 0–9.2% and showed mild symptom. Genotypes Rimbun, Meteor, Tornado, F1(12X14), and 35C2 were susceptible having disease severity >20% and showed severe symptom. Resistance of IPBC12 might be correlated with the growth of whitefly on the genotype. The amount of whitefly eggs and its successful rate to become adult was relatively lower in IPBC12 than those in other genotypes. Genotype IPBC12 might be considered as resistance source in developing resistant variety of chili pepper to PYLCV
Identifikasi Tomato infectious chlorosis virus dan Tomato chlorosis virus melalui Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction dan Analisis Sikuen Nukleotida
Get PDFTomato chlorosis disease was found more frequent on production area in West Java recently. Observation in the field showed typical symptoms of Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). The objective of this research is to identify TICV and ToCV associated with chlorosis disease on tomato plants in West Java (Cipanas, Lembang and Garut) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and nucleotide sequence analysis. DNA target of 417 bp and 360 bp was successfully amplified only from Cipanas sample using specific primers, TICV-CF/TICV-CR and ToCV-CF/ToCV-CR, respectively. Sequence analysis confirmed that chlorosis disease in Cipanas was associated with TICV and ToCV infection. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that TICV from Cipanas has high homology to and belongs to the same group with TICV from Japan and Spain; whereas ToCV from Cipanas has high homology to and belongs to the same group with ToCV from America