Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Identifikasi Carmovirus pada Tanaman Anyelir melalui Teknik Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction dan Analisis Sikuen Nukleotida
Get PDFMottle disease of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) was observed in cultivation areas in Cianjur and Bandung, West Java. This study aimed to identify the virus causing leaf mottling on carnation using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method and nucleotide sequence analysis. Fragment DNA of 1000 bp was successfully amplified using specific primers for coat protein of Carmovirus (BC57/BC58). Direct sequencing was proceeded using PCR products. Nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed the infection of Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) from leaves showing mottle symptom. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that CarMV isolates from Indonesia have close relationship with those from Brazil, Israel, Iran, India, Netherland, and Spain
KOMUNIKASI SINGKAT: Penyakit Keriting Pada Tanaman Pepaya Di Bogor
Get PDFPapaya is widely grown and consumed in Indonesia as a favorite fruit. Since 2011, a new disease was reported in Bogor, i.e. leaf curl disease caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides.Therefore, a survey was conducted in Bogor to determine the status of leaf curl disease of papaya and to identify some agricultural practices that may affect disease development. Based on field observation conducted in Bogor, subdistricts Rancabungur and Sukaraja, it was evidenced that leaf curl disease has been widely spread, with disease incidence reached 87 % and 96%, respectively and disease severity in both areas reached 24–28%. Although disease severity was not different, disease incidence was generally lower in papaya field cultivating var. Caliporan (medium type fruit)or in monoculture cropping system compared to those cultivating var. Bangkok (large type fruit) or multiple cropping system. Other cultivated practices did not seem to cause significant effect on disease incidence and severity
Formula Pelet Berbahan Aktif Trichoderma sp. dan Aplikasinya terhadap Penyakit Rebah Kecambah pada Tanaman Mentimun
Get PDFCucumber (Cucumis sativus) is an important vegetable comodity in Indonesia, but its production rate is still low. One of the factors that cause the low productivity is plant diseases. Damping-off disease often causes the damage of cucumber plant caused by a fungus that lives in the soil as soilborne disease, Phytium sp. The controlling effort of this disease have been done, for example using Trichoderma sp. as bio-agent, but the utilization of the bio-agent still is not practical so it is difficult to be applied in field. The pellet formula is more effective to be implemented because of the small size and easily moved. The purpose of this research was to produce the pellet formulation with active material of Trichoderma sp. with rich nutritious content, cheap and easy carrier. This research used two tests, in vitro and in vivo test. The in vitro test used six different pellet formulations, DAT, UAT, TAT, PAT, DDS and ATS. The best formulation in in vitro test are UAT and DDS, then the formulas were used in in vivo test. Both formulas could suppress the pathogenic fungus, Pythium, in vivo test
Keragaman Komunitas Fitonematoda pada Sayuran Lahan Monokultur dan Polikultur di Sumatera Barat
Get PDFPlant parasitic nematodes can cause crop losses in celery. Parasitic nematodes that infect celery are Helicotylenchus spp., Trichodorus, Longidorus, Xiphinema and Meloidogyne spp Cropping pattern becomes part of the factors that influence the presence of plant parasitic nematodes in celery. Field obervation was conducted in celery growing areas to study the diversity and abundance of parasitic nematodes from monoculture and polyculture cropping system. Seven genus of nematodes, i.e. Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Tylenchorhinchus, Tylenchulus, Xiphinema, and two nonparasitic nematode were identified from polyculture cropping system, whereas 4 genus were found from monoculture cropping system i.e. Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Tylenchulus and Trichodorus. Genus with high abundance in polyculture cropping pattern was Xiphinema and Meloidogyne however Trichodorus was not found. Genus with a high abundance in monoculture was Meloidogyen and Xiphinema was not found. The genus most frequently found was Meloidogyne in polyculture and Xiphinema in monoculture
Potensi Minyak Atsiri untuk Mengendalikan Potyvirus pada Tanaman Nilam
Get PDFOne of the problems in the cultivation of patchouli is a mosaic disease caused by viruses. The dominant virus causing mosaic disease on patchouli plant belongs to Potyvirus group. Mosaic disease has spread throughout the central patchouli production in Java and Sumatra which can lower the wet herb, dried herb, oil and patchouli alcohol levels. The active contain of essential oils are reported as anti virus such as β - caryphyllene, thymol, carvacrol, caryophyllene oxide, sabinene, linalool, linaly acetate, carvone and geraniol. The research aims to determine the potential and concentration of essential oils that can suppress Potyvirus. The research used essential oil from clove and citronella. Oil was sprayed onto the leaves surface and left for 24 hr, then sap from Potyvirus infected plant was mechanically inoculated. Citronella oil concentration of 1.2 % have less number of lesions compared to the other treatments on the third day after inoculation. The percentage inhibition of citronella oil to Potyvirus on 1.2 % concentration reached 89.78 %. This showed that citronella oil has potential to suppress the development of Potyvirus in patchouli plant.Key words: antiviral, citronella oil, clove, mosaic diseas
Efisiensi Tular Benih Squash mosaic virus pada Cucurbitaceae
Get PDFInfection of viruses on Cucurbitaceae may cause high yield and economic losses. Squash mosaic virus is a seed borne virus and among the most important virus infecting Cucurbitaceae. The aims of these research was to detect infection of several viruses on Cucurbitaceae and to examine seed transmission efficiency of SqMV. Detection of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) from field samples and seeds was conducted using Indirect-ELISA method. Infection of CMV, SqMV and ZYMV was detected from field samples. Seed transmission of SqMV on commercial seeds of bottle gourd, watermelon, zucchini, cabocha, cucumber, and melon was 13, 13, 33, 73, 100, and 100%, respectively. Seed transmission of ZYMV was only occurred on bottle gourd and zucchini, i.e. 13.3% and 26.67%, respectively. Infection of SqMV through F2 seed was determined from cucumber, bottle gourd, and melon, i.e. 93, 100, and 100%, respectively. Therefore, the status of SqMV as quarantine pest should be evaluated since SqMV was already found in West Java
Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Buah Phytophthora pada Kakao dengan Cendawan Endofit Trichoderma asperellum
Get PDFThe Phytophthora pod rot (PPR) caused by Phytophthora palmivora is one of important diseases affecting the decrease of cacao productivity. The use of endophytic Trichoderma have a big potential for controlling this disease. The rate of PPR incidence in twelve weeks after three times application by spraying of ART-4/G.J.S 09-1559 isolate of Trichoderma asperellum with concentration of 1 g L-1, 2 g L-1, 4 g L-1 was 5.4%, 5.3%, and 3.7%, respectively per week; while the rate of PPR incidence on control was 8.4% per week. Apparently healthy pods pretreated with above concentrations of T. asperellum in field showed 30, 0, and 0% infested by PPR on its surface, respectively after one week incubation in laboratory, compared to a 90% of surface infestation by PPR on control. After 12 week of inoculation, T. asperellum was recovered from pod tissue. This data demonstrated the potential of T. asperellum as bio control agent of PPR disease on cacao.
Infeksi Bean common mosaic virus pada Umur Tanaman Kacang Panjang yang Berbeda
Get PDFBean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is one of the most important virus infecting yard long bean because it can decrease yield and seed transmitted. The aims of research were to determine the effect of plant age infected by BCMV on seed transmission efficiency of the virus, as well as its effect on plant growth. BCMV was mechanically inoculated on yard long bean at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after planting (WAP). Observation was conducted for incubation period, disease incidence and severity, seed transmission efficiency of the virus, plant height, and productivity of the plants. Virus infection was detected using indirect ELISA method. The results showed that the earlier infection of BCMV occurred the shortest incubation period, the most severe symptoms, the highest inhibition of plant growth, and productivity. Disease severity was 94.6, 83.8, 81.1, and 69.6% on plants inoculated at 1, 2, 3, and 4 WAP, respectively. Disease incidence and virus titer was not affected by infection on different plant age. Seed transmission of BCMV was 7, 66, 39, and 24% on plants inoculated at 1, 2, 3, and 4 WAP, respectively. Infection on 2 WAP was considered the critical times for BCMV to be seed-borne on yard long bean
Laju Infeksi Ganoderma pada Empat Kelas Tekstur Tanah
Get PDFBasal stem rot disease caused by Ganoderma is the most destructive disease in oil palm plantation in Indonesia. Development of this disease is faster and heavier in nutrient poor soils, such as sandy soil. The objective of this research is to study and quantitatively measure the infection rate of Ganoderma disease in sandy soil. The treatments consisted of five different mixtures of mineral soil (M) and sand (P) i.e: A (100% M–0% P), B (75% M-25% P), C (50% M-50% P), D (25% M-75% P), and E (0% M-100% P). Physical, chemical, and biological properties of each soil mixture treatment were analyzed. Soil texture can be differentiated into sandy clay loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, sand for treatmen A, B, C, D, E, respectively. Sandy soil medium had less microorganism population (< 1 × 106 cfu g-1soil) than sandy clay loam which microrganism population was 3 × 106 cfu g-1 soil. The infection rate of Ganoderma in sandy soils was 1.77–1.83 palm per month per 100 palms. Infection rate of Ganoderma in sandy soil was faster and higher than those in loamy soilKey words: basal stem rot, oil plam, sandy soi
Respons Curvularia lunata Penyebab Penyakit Bercak Daun Kelapa Sawit terhadap Berbagai Fungisida
Get PDFLeaf spot disease of oil palm caused by Curvularia sp. is the major disease in nursery. Implementation of best nursery practices is the key to prevent it. Generally, fungicides are used only if epidemic of leaf spot diseases occur in the field. The objectives of this research were to determine causal agent of leaf spot disease of oil palm and the potential alternative weed host around the nursery, to select suitable fungicides, and to study the effect of fungicides rotation to disease incidence. The results showed that the causal agent of leaf spot disease of oil palm was Curvularia lunata. The fungus was also found on grasses, Cyperus rotundus and Imperata cylindrica. Difeconazol, copper oxide, and propineb suppressed leaf spot disease in nursery. Application of fungicide by rotation between difeconazol and copper oxide with frequency every 10 days suppressed the development of leaf spot disease of oil palm in the nursery