Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Deteksi Virus yang Menginfeksi Kedelai di Jawa
Get PDFVirus infection is an important production constraint for soybean. Research was conducted to detect virus infection from soybean samples collected from several locations in Java. Leave samples from 50 plants was taken randomly from each location in Bogor, Cirebon, Bantul, and Ponorogo. Field symptoms was observed and disease incidence was determined based on serological assay using specific antibodies to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV), and Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). Incidence of CMV, SMV, and CPMMV was 72–84%, 14–24%, and 6–8%, respectively; whereas infection of BPMV was not found. Specific viral DNA of CMV, Potyvirus, and Geminivirus was successfully amplified using specific primer for CMV coat protein, universal primer for Potyvirus and Geminivirus, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that isolate CMV from soybean has the highest homology (99%) to CMV strain S, Potyvirus isolates has the highest homology (90%) to BCMV isolate Mungbean from China and BCMV strain Blackeye from Vietnam, and Geminivirus isolates has the highest homology (96%) to Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) from Bogor and Java. Phyllogenetic analysis showed that CMV strain S forme
Identifikasi Nematoda Parasit pada Tanaman Wortel di Dataran Tinggi Malino, Sulawesi Selatan Berdasarkan pada Ciri Morfologi dan Morfometrik
Get PDFPlant-parasitic nematodes are important pests on carrot (Daucus carota) in Malino Highland. This research aimed to identify plant-parasitic nematodes on carrot. The identification was carried out based on the morphological and morphometric characters of second-stage juveniles that were extracted from soil samples. Nematodes were extracted using the flotation-centrifugation technique. Morphometric measurement included body length, stylet length, esophagus length from the basal knob to the esophagus end, tail length from the posterior end to the anus, anterior diameter, maximum body diameter, and posterior diameter. Three genera of plant-parasitic nematodes were identified as Meloidogyne, Rotylenchulus, and Pratylenchus
Identifikasi Spesies Meloidogyne pada Wortel berdasarkan Sikuen Nukleotida
Get PDFRoot-knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp., were reported as the cause of carrot branched tuber on several vegetable production areas in Central and East Java. Species identification by molecular approach was conducted using infected carrot tubers from Agropolitan Cianjur, West Java. DNA was extracted from female nematodes and amplified using PCR with species specific primers (Fjav/Rjav for M. javanica, Far/Rar for M. arenaria, and Finc/Rinc for M. incognita) and multiplex primer (M. hapla, M. chitwoodi, and M. fallax). PCR product were sequenced without cloning. Based on nucleotide sequences, two species RKN were found associated with branched tuber disease of carrot in Agropolitan Cianjur, i.e M. javanica and M. hapla. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. javanica from Cianjur was closely related to RKN from China with the homology level of 91.9%, whereas nucleotide sequence of M. hapla from Cianjur had high homology level (99.4% to 100%) with isolates from Swiss, USA, UK, and China.Key words: Meloidogyne hapla, M. javanica, phylogenetic, root-knot nematod
Pengendalian Penyakit Budok dengan Fungisida dan Deteksi Residu pada Daun Nilam
Get PDFBudok caused by Synchytrium pogostemonis is the important and destructive disease on patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin). Chemical control must be done in incidence with high disease intensity and prediction of outbreak. The experiment was done using benomyl (Benlate 50 WP) and cuprous oxide (Kocide 77WP) 0.1%, 0.2% and mixture of both ( 1 g cuprous oxide and 1 g L-1 benomyl). Patchouli plant was sprayed eight times with one week interval. Harvesting was done two weeks after the end of spraying. Residue analysis of Cu was done with AAS and benomyl residue with HPLC. The result showed that 0.1% benomyl significantly reduced the disease intensity. The other treatments showed lower result. Harvested patchouli plants treated with 0.1% benomyl showed higher yield compare with 0.2% benomyl and cuprous oxyde. Cu residue in dried leaves was between 460 ppm and 950 ppm. Residue of benomyl was 54–100 ppb. Diseased seedling still can be used after spraying by benomyl four times with 2 weeks interval
Ganoderma boninense Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Batang Atas Kelapa Sawit
Get PDFBasal stem rot disease (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense is the major pathogen of oil palm in Indonesia and Malaysia. Sometimes in the same location, especially in the peatland, upper stem rot (USR) disease is also found. This research was carried out to identify the pathogen of upper stem rot by molecular approach. Fruiting bodies of fungus were collected from 3 plants with upper stem rot symptoms and 2 plants with basal stem rot symptoms from Labuhan Batu North Sumatra and Kampar Riau. Results showed that all of the fruiting body samples taken from plants with upper stem rot and basal stem rot symptoms were G. boninense
Keefektifan Perlakuan Panas Kering dan Iradiasi UV-C untuk Mematikan Cendawan Model Microcyclus ulei
Get PDFThis study was carried out to develop treatment methods and determine the effective dose of dry heat treatment and UV-C irradiation to kill the fungus models of Microcyclus ulei on soybean grains and soybean meals without damaging its nutritional content. The fungus models used in this study were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, and Sclerotium rolfsii. The results showed that UV-C treatment up to 12 and 24 hours exposure time at15 and 30 cm from UV-C light was not effective to kill all fungus models in PDA. Dry heat treatment at 55 °C for 30 and 60 minutes was effective to kill cultures of C. gloeosporioides, B. theobromae, and S. rolfsii in PDA, except for F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Further experiments on soybean showed that dry heat treatment at 55 °C for 30 minutes was effective to kill conidia of C. gloeosporioides, B. theobromae, and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, without damaging its protein content. However, dry heat treatment at 60 °C for 60 minutes has been proved not effective to kill sclerotia of S. rolfsii. If M. ulei had the similar resistance as S. rolfsii, then it would need a higher temperature and time than used in this study to kill the fungusKey words: Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, effective doses, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Sclerotium rolfsii, soybean meal
Cendawan Endofit Nonpatogen Asal Tanaman Cabai dan Potensinya sebagai Agens Pemacu Pertumbuhan
Get PDFEndophytic fungi have been reported to have mutual symbiosis with their host. This research aimed to obtain nonpathogenic isolates of endophytic fungi from roots, stems, and branches of chili pepper. Endophytic fungi were isolated on 10% malt extract agar (MEA) after serial surface sterilization of plant parts. The effect of endophytic fungi on the development of chili pepper seeds were tested by growing seeds on media containing endophytic fungi isolate. As many as 138 isolates of endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from chili pepper plants from Garut and Bogor. Based on colony morphology the isolates can be differentiated into 9 morphotypes. Among the total isolates, 13.04% are nonpathogenic. Some of them (7,25%) do not effect seedling significantly compared to control and some isolates (5.79%) caused better seedling growth than control. Endophytic fungi having the potential to promote plant growth was identified as Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., sterile hyphae 1, 2, and 3
Karakteristik Morfologi dan Fisiologi Isolat Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii pada Jagung
Get PDFPantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii is the pathogen causing stewart’s wilt disease in maize. The occurrence of the disease was recently reported in Indonesia with limited information. Research was conducted to characterize several isolates of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii isolated from maize plants collected from 6 districts in West Sumatra. Leaves showing yellow stripes symptoms along the vein was ground and suspeneded then the bacteria was isolated and incubated for 3 × 24 h at room temperature in nutrient glucose agar (NGA). Pure bacterial colonies gained from this medium was used for characterization. Assessment of bacterial characters was conducted based on morphological assay, physiological assay, biological assay (hypersensitivity, and pathogenicity) followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based identification. Unique characters of the family Enterobacteriaceae was observed on 7 isolates based on morphological and physiological characters, and only 4 isolates (PR1, PP, ST1, LA) gave positive reaction on hypersensitivity and pathogenicity test. Further molecular identification confirmed 3 out of 7 isolates had high homology to Pantoea stewartii, i.e. Pantoea stewartii strain R1-104, R1-132, and ATCC 29923 for isolates LA, PR1, and PR2, respectively
Analisis Keragaman Genetik Isolat Bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae dari Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah Berdasarkan Analisis ARDRA Gen 16SrRNA
Get PDFFifteen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae isolates from several regions in West Java and Central Java have been studied for their genetic diversity using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) 16SrRNA gene.Total of 13 ARDRA patterns from digestion of DNA with RsaI restriction enzyme was obtained, indicated higher genetic diversity of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close genetic relationships among isolates. Isolates X. oryzae pv. oryzae 1/96pml and 61pml are closely related with isolates 29d, 59pml, and 60pml although they are isolated from different locations. The other closely related isolates were between X. oryzae pv. oryzae 5mgl with 23d, 38d, 10sbg, 8myd; while 6klt was close to 3ind and 2kr. The result of X. oryzae pv. oryzae genetic diversity can be used as a reference for strain or/isolates selection for development ofbacterial leaf blight resistance in Indonesia.
Evaluasi Trichoderma dalam Mengendalikan Penyakit Rebah Kecambah Tanaman Cabai
Get PDFDamping-off disease is commonly occurred in chili pepper field and always caused significant effect on chili production. This experiment was conducted to determine the ability of 14 isolates of Trichoderma isolated from lowland swampy area in South Sumatera against damping-off disease. The result showed that treatment of Trichoderma significantly inhibited damping-off disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Treatment of Trichoderma effectively reduced the percentage of pre-emergence damping-off, post-emergence damping-off, and disease severity by 51.8–100%, 80–100%, and 51.90–96.96%, respectively. The treatment was also capable to increase percentage of height and fresh weight of chili pepper seedling, i.e. 45.45–64.37% and 37.78–81.19%, respectively