Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
Not a member yet
412 research outputs found
Sort by
Status Fitonematoda pada Tiga Kisaran Umur Lahan Pertanaman Pisang Cavendish di Way Kambas, Lampung
Get PDFCrop losses due to phytonematodes infection commonly occurred on intensive plantation practiced for a long time. The research was aimed to study phytonematodes status on several age-different plantation of Cavendish banana in PT NTF Way Kambas, Lampung. Soil and root samples were taken from three different plantations, selected based on time period of cultivation practice, i.e. 3–5, 10–12, and 17–19 years long. The modification of Baermann funnel method was applied to collect nematodes. The status of phytonematodes were determined based on the absolute frequency (AF), relative frequency (RF), and absolute population (AP) of each genus. The results showed that 13 phytonematodes genera inhabited Cavendish banana crops. Pratylenchus and Radopholus have important status on a land that had been cultivated for 3–5 and 10–12 years with AF 100%, RF 31%, and AP 298.8, and 423.0 individues per 200 mL of soil, respectively on 3–5 years long lands, and AF100%, RF 39% and PA 215, and 126 individues per 200 mL of soil, respectively on 10–12 years long lands. Pratylenchus and Radopholus were less important on 17–19 years long rotated lands with AF 77%, RF 22% and AP 33.0 and 16.4 individues per 200 mL of soil respectively. The status of other phytonematodes were not important with low value of AF, RF, and AP
Cendawan Endofit yang Potensial Meningkatkan Ketahanan Cabai Merah terhadap Penyakit Layu Bakteri
Get PDFRalstonia solanacearum has been known to cause bacterial wilt disease on chili pepper. Despite many reports on the potential use of endophytic fungi to induce plant resistance, its utilization to suppress bacterial wilt disease of chili has not been widely reported. The aims of this research was to screen potential endophytic fungi that may increase chili resistance against bacterial wilt disease. Selection of endophytic fungi was done using in vivo and antibiosis test. Strains of fungi were considered the most potent in suppressing the development of bacterial wilt in chilli were identified. Ten out of 62 isolates of endophytic fungi gave the highest suppression on chilli’s bacterial wilt disease. Most strains of endophytic fungi were able to suppress the development of bacterial wilt disease, but not always positively correlated to the vegetative and generative growth of chilli. Based on the level of disease intensity and the growth of plants were obtained three strains of endophytic fungi that considered potentially suppress the incidence of bacterial wilt disease. The three isolates was identified as Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli (AC-2.13 and AC-4.4) and Trichoderma asperellum (AC-3.18) using morphology and molecular characters. Although all three selected isolates were able to suppress bacterial wilt disease in this study, but application of F. solani f.sp. phaseoli should be considered in practical use since it is generally known as the causal agent of root rot disease of bean
Pengendalian Colletotrichum spp. Terbawa Benih Cabai dengan Paparan Gelombang Mikro
Get PDFSeed treatment using microwave has been reported as an effective and efficient method to control seed borne pathogens of chili pepper. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave irradiation treatment to suppress seedborne Colletotrichum spp. while maintaining physiological quality of chili’s seed. First experiment was aimed to select the best condition for seed germination, and was done in completely randomized design with three levels of water content (4.31%, 6.33%, and 8.25%). The second experiment was aimed to determine the best condition for disease suppression, and was done in completely randomized design with different levels of microwave irradiation duration (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds) using the best seed water content level from the first experiment. Application of systemic fungicide with benomyl as active ingredient (0.5 g L-1) was done as check treatment. Four major species of Colletotrichum was found from chili’s seed, i.e. C. acutatum, C. capsici, C. gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum sp. with C. acutatum as the predominant species. The best water content level for microwave treatment was 4.31%. The most effective treatment was microwave irradiation duration for 40 seconds with efficacy rate of 64.5% for controlling seedborne C. acutatum on chili pepper
Penekanan Penyakit Blas Leher Malai Padi Menggunakan Ekstrak Kompos Jerami Padi
Get PDFBlast is the most important disease of rice and may cause significant losses in the reclaimed tidal swamp of South Sumatra. Water extracts of fermented composts prepared from straws of the vigorous rice plant were tested in pot experiment for their ability to control blast. Rice variety Ciherang was grown on mixture of field soil and 1% diseased rice straw (v/v) collected from a tidal swamp rice field. Incidence of panicle blast was reduced by 71−87% in response to application of compost extract. The compost extract did not affect seed germination and plant height, instead, it increased the yield. The rice straw from healthy and vigorous plants is potential as a source for blast disease control
Identifikasi Pepper vein yellows virus yang Berasosiasi dengan Penyakit Yellow Vein Banding pada Tanaman Mentimun di Bali
Get PDFYellowing vein banding disease has been reported infecting cucurbit plants in Bali since 2014. Similar vein banding symptom on chilli pepper was observed previously, and early diagnosis indicated infection of Polerovirus. The objective of this research was to confirm the presence of Polerovirus infection on cucumber plant showing yellow vein banding symptom in Bali. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction – based detection method was conducted using specific primer pairs PeVYV-CP-F-BamH1/ PeVYV-CP-R-Pst1followed by sequencing and nucleotide sequence analysis. Specific DNA fragments of ± 650 bp was successfully amplified from field samples. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that the sequence has the highest similarity > 95% with Pepper vein yellow virus (PeVYV) infecting chili pepper from Indonesia (Bali, and Rembang), Japan, and Greece
Mikobiota pada Buah Cabai untuk Pengendalian Hayati Colletotrichum capsici
Get PDFColletotrichum capsici is a pathogenic fungus causing anthracnose on various tropical fruits, especially chilli. Biological control agents have been used as an alternative method to control postharvest diseases. This study aims to examine the antagonistic potential of mycobiota on red chilli fruit against C. capsici. The pathogen was obtained from diseased red chilli fruits collected from three traditional markets in Municipality of Bogor, isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium containing chloramphenicol (100 mg L-1). Candidates of antagonistic mycobiota were isolated from healthy chilli fruits using serial diution method, followed by pour-plate method on PDA medium containing chloramphenicol (100 mg L-1). C. capsici isolate BIO51046 showed highest pathogenicity on chilli fruit var. IPB Perbani compared to other isolates. Seven isolates of filamentous fungi and 7 yeast isolates were obtained from healthy chilli fruits. Test of antagonism using dual culture method obtained 3 filamentous fungal isolates (Plectosphaerella cucumerina, MF2 and Aspergillus flavus) and 1 yeast isolate (Issatchenkia orientalis) which inhibited the growth of C. capsici BIO 51046 more than 70%. Plectosphaerella cucumerina and I.orientalis did not cause any diseases on chilli fruits var. IPB Perbani. Therefore, these 2 isolates were considered as potential antagonist against C. capsici BIO51046 as the causal agent of anthracnose of chill
Meloidogyne incognita Penyebab Umbi Berbintil pada Kentang di Beberapa Sentra Produksi Kentang di Jawa
Get PDFRoot knot nematodes is an important pathogen on potatoes in tropical and sub-tropical areas. Root knot nematodes contribute a significant impact in reducing the quality and quantity of potato tuber. Meloidogyne incognita is one of the species causing the root knot. This research was conducted to identify M. incognita on potatoes in Java Island based on morphological and DNA molecular characteristic. The infected potato tubers with pimple-like knot symptom were collected from Pangalengan (West Java), Banjarnegara (Central Java), and Kota Batu (East Java). Nematode was identified based on morphological character of perineal pattern, and based on molecular DNA character by polymerase chain reaction technique using a pair of specific primer (MI-F and MI-R), followed by DNA fragment sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Based on morphological character of perineal pattern, M. incognita was detected in all 3 locations; while based on DNA molecular character, and M. incognita was detected in Pangalengan (West Java) and Kota Batu (East Java). M. incognita from Pangalengan had high homology, i.e.99.2% to 99.8% with those isolates from China, India, and Malaysia.
Pelet Bakteri Probiotik untuk Biokontrol Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae dan Viabilitas Benih Padi
Get PDFProbiotic bacteria collection from the rice plant tissue (i.e. endophytic 467 and endophytic 748 isolates), the rhizosphere (Ralstonia pickettii TT47) and that from the ground (actinomycetes 6) has been reported as biocontrol agents. The effect of pellet containing probiotic bacteria to suppress Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pathogen in rice seed has not been known thoroughly. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of pellet containing probiotic bacteria in maintaining viability of rice seeds infected by X. oryzaepv. oryzae. A dual culture method was used to test the antagonistic activities between probiotic bacteria and X. oryzaepv. oryzae. Isolates R. pickettii TT47, endophytic 467 and actinomycetes 6 showed antagonistic activities against X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Among them, only endophytic 467 and actinomycetes 6 that showed compatibility. Pellet formulation (talc + CMC 1.5% + glycerol 1%) contain actinomycetes 6 singly or combination with endophytic 467 in infected Ciherang rice seed was able to suppress population X. oryzaepv. oryzae as long as 6 weeks storage. While, the highest percentage of seed germination and seedling growth rate during 6 weeks storage was obtained on pellet formulation with R. pickettii TT47, i.e. 86.67% and 17.17% etmal-1 respectively and significantly different with infected nonpelleted rice seed (62.67% and 11.02% etmal-1). In conclusion, the application of probiotic bacteria R. pickettii TT47, endophytic 467 and actinomycetes 6 in pellet formulation was effective to decrease X. oryzaepv. oryzae and maintain viability of infected rice seed in 6 weeks storage
Risiko Introduksi Gandum ke Timor Tengah Utara: Penyakit Hawar Daun dan Busuk Batang
Get PDFWheat has a great potency to be cultivated in Timor Tengah Utara (TTU). However, disease is one of the risks for introduction of wheat. The existence of wheat disease in TTU is unknown because wheat has never been grown in this area. This study aims to determine the potential risks of major diseases that will infect wheat plants when introduced to the TTU. The methods used in this study consisted of wheat cultivation in the field, followed by observation and identification of the main diseases on wheat. Wheat varieties grown in field were Dewata, Selayar and Nias. Koch’s postulate were performed to identify the suspected microbes as pathogens. Morphological-based identification was applied on the isolated pathogens. The main diseases on wheat cultivated in TTU were leaf blight and stem rot. The results of Koch’s postulate showed that Helminthosporium gramineum was the causal of leaf blight and Rhizoctonia sp. was the causal of stem rot. Disease incidence reached 82–93% and 11–22% for leaf bligh and stem rot disease, respectively. Disease severity of leaf blight and stem rot disease on var. Dewata was the lowest compared to var. Selayar and var. Nias
Tanggap Genotipe Kacang Tanah Terhadap Penyakit Bercak Daun Cercospora dan Karat Daun Puccinia
Get PDFLeaf spot and rust are two important diseases on groundnut. Both diseases are frequently found at the same time that influence the growth and reduce the yield of groundnut. This study was conducted to evaluate thirteen groundnut genotypes resistance to leaf spot and rust disease. The experiment was conducted using a split plot design and three replications, with inoculated and uninoculated treatment as main plot, and groundnut genotypes as the sub plot. Disease assessment was conducted by counting number of pustules per leaf, the number of spots per leaf, rust disease intensity, the intensity of leaf spot disease, and leaf area index. Yield components including stover weight, number of pods per plant, number of empty pods, number of chipo pods, and weight of pods per plant were recorded for both inoculated and uninoculated plants. The result showed that leaf spot disease developed earlier than rust disease. Only one genotype was susceptible to rust and the other 12 genotypes were very susceptible, whereas all genotypes tested were very susceptible to leaf spot. The intensity of rust and leaf spot diseases was negatively correlated with yield (r = - 0.1 – (0.4)). Rust and leaf spot diseases reduced the yield components including stover weight (73.2%), number of pods (68%), and weight of pods (72.5%). The number of empty pods and chipo pods were increase to 81% and 56.4% respectively.