Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Ketahanan Lapangan Lima Genotipe Padi terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri
Get PDFBacterial leaf blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is an important disease on rice in Indonesia. Four rice varieties, i.e. Inpari 30, Situbagendit, Luk-ulo and Cibogo has been known to have resistance to the disease. Therefore, they can be used as indicator plants to measure the resistance of any new rice genotypes to the disease. Research was aimed to evaluate field resistance of a new rice line, i.e. line X, with 4 resistant rice varieties as check control. The research was conducted in the field in Wirolegi villages, Sumbersari-Jember with natural infection of X. oryzae. Plant resistance was observed by measuring disease incidence (DI) and severity (DS). The highest DI (100%) was reached by all genotypes in different age. At 90 days after planting, DS of line X reached 11.85% which is far low compared to DS of var Situbagendit (40.25%). Based on DI and DS, line X is considered to have the best resistance to the disease, i.e. resistant in vegetative phase and moderately resistant in generative phase. However, the strain of X. oryzae infecting the plants in the field was unknown
Komparasi Metode Isolasi DNA Patogen Antraknosa dan Bulai untuk Deteksi PCR
Get PDFPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an important tool for detection, identification and monitoring of quarantine pests in Indonesia. DNA isolation method from target organism is an important step to provide adequate DNA template for performing PCR. Objective of the research was to compare conventional, commercial kit, FTA-card and its modification methods of DNA isolation to be used in PCR detection for Colletotrichum acutatum and Peronosclerospora sorghi from chili and maize, respectively. DNA obtained from various isolation methods were measured using UV-vis nanodrop-spectrophotometry. DNA amplification was performed using DNA concentration of 15 ng µL-1 from each isolation method with gradual primer concentrations of 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; and 1.0 mM. The highest concentration of DNA was achieved with conventional methods for C. acutatum from pure culture and P. sorghi from maize leaf. Best DNA purity was obtained from isolation method using commercial kit for C. acutatum from infected fruit (1.94) and from conventional method for C. acutatum from pure culture (1.91). The highest total yield of isolated DNA was achieved by modified FTA-card for C. acutatum from pure culture. In general DNA amplification using various primer concentration gave positive results although DNA bands intensity was varied from faint to very bright. Furthermore PCR optimization using the best primer concentration from previous reaction showed that all DNA templates resulted in thick and bright DNA bands
Penyakit Mosaik pada Koro Pedang
Get PDFRecently, a mosaic disease was observed on jack bean cultivation in Dramaga, Bogor,West Java. The symptom on infected plants, i.e. combination of pale and dark green area was more obvious on young leaves. Vein banding, leaf malformation, and growth inhibition was also observed in infected plants. The symptom was not very obvious in older leaves. Serological detection gave positive reaction to Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) antiserum, but reaction was negative when detected using specific primer to coat protein (CP) of BCMV strain black eye by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. DNA fragments were successfully amplified by RT-PCR using universal primer of CP gene and degenerated primer for cylindrical inclusion gen (CI) of Potyvirus. DNA analysis showed the highest homology (86.4–91.5%) to several isolates of BCMV-infecting different crops from several countries based on partial sequence of CP, whereas based on partial sequence of CI the highest homology (87.3%) was to BCMV-RU1-P. This is the first report of BCMV infection on jack bean in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
Identifikasi Polerovirus Penyebab Klorosis pada Cabai Asal Bali, Indonesia
Get PDFBased on the results of a survey conducted on chilipepper plants in Kertha Village, Payangan Subdistrict, Gianyar District, Bali Province, many chilipepper plants with chlorosis symptoms caused by the virus was observed. Infected plants showed yellowing of the lamina, but the veins remain green. Identification was focused on the Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) through transmission using Aphis nasturtii, observation on the morphology of virus particles, total RNA detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and nucleotide sequence. The results showed that the disease can be transmitted from infected plant to healthy plant using A. nasturtii. Viral particle has hexagonal shape with the diameter ~30 nm. RT-PCR of total RNA from severe, moderate, and mild symptomatic infected plants, using specific primer sets for coat protein gene of PeVYV successfully amplified DNA with size of ~650 bp. Coat protein gene sequence of PeVYV isolates Bali, Indonesia showing different chlorosis intensity had the highest homology with PeVYV isolates from Taiwan 95.1–96.6%. Based on the data, PeVYV has been confirmed as the cause of chlorosis in chilipepper plants in Bali, Indonesia
Identifikasi Cendawan Penyebab Penyakit Pascapanen pada Beberapa Buah di Yogyakarta
Get PDFIn Indonesia, high yield losses due to post-harvest diseases are often difficult to measure because research focusing on such matter are still limited. This study aimed to determine the genera of fungi that cause rot on postharvest fruit, which can be used as a basis to determine the important pathogens in the current post-harvest commodities and for further disease management. The method used is sample collection, single spore isolation, microscopic observation and identification of fungal genera. Colletotrichum sp. was sucessfuly isolated from antrachnose of papaya. Pestalotia sp. was found in the fruit rot of avocado and star fruit. Lasiodiplodia sp. was found in mango, while Pestalotia sp. and Lasiodiplodia sp. was found in both sapodilla and banana. Alternaria sp. was found in the fruit rot of pears and apples. Aspergillus sp. was found in grapes, and Fusarium sp. was isolated from pineapple fruit rot
Fusarium Nonpatogen sebagai Agens Hayati Penyakit Rebah Kecambah pada Tanaman Terung
Get PDFRhizoctonia solani is an important soil borne pathogen causing damping-off, stem and root rot disease. The pathogen has a wide range of hosts including eggplant. This experiment was conducted to determine the ability of nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium against rhizoctonia damping-off caused by R. solani in eggplant by seedling treatment. The result showed that treatment with nonpathogenic Fusarium significantly inhibited damping-off disease development. Nonpathogenic Fusarium effectively reduced disease severity, ranged from 59.02–96.72%. Treatment with nonpathogenic Fusarium was also able to increase plant height and fresh weight of eggplant seedling ranged from 40.00–60.98% and 21.80–66.53%, respectively. This results indicated that nonpathogenic Fusarium could be applied as potential biocontrol agent for damping-off disease caused by R. solani
Eksplorasi Bakteri Endofit dari Akar Tanaman Adam Hawa dan Potensinya sebagai Agens Hayati dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi
Get PDFRhoeo discolor has been known to have a good adaptation to various environmental conditions. This character might be due to mutualistic association with endophytic bacteria. The objective of this study was to isolate endophytic bacteria from roots of R. discolor and to evaluate their potency as biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters. The methods to isolate endophytic bacteria involved the following methods, sterilization of root surface, grinding of root tissues, dilution, and plating in the medium tryptone soya agar (TSA). A total of 21 isolates of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the roots of R. discolor. Based on hypersensitivity test on tobacco leaves, 19 isolates showed negative reaction (no necrosis symptom) and only 2 isolates showed positive reaction (necrosis was developed). The results on biocontrol and growth promoters assay showed that 7 isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium oxysporum under in vitro test and 12 isolates were able to increase the growth of rice seedlings
Identifikasi Nematoda Puru Akar, Meloidogyne graminicola, pada Tanaman Padi di Jawa Barat
Get PDFRoot knot nematodes (RKN), Meloidogyne spp. is one of the most important rice pathogen in some regions in the world. Information of RKN on rice plants in West Java is very important because West Java is one of the largest national rice production center. The purpose of this study was to determine and identify the presence of Meloidogyne spp. on rice plants in West Java. Rice plant samples were taken from 7 rice-growing districts in West Java. Typical symptoms of infected rice plants by Meloidogyne spp. are stunting and the formation of root galls. RKN was found to infect rice plants in several areas in Bogor, Cirebon, and Sukabumi. All stadia of the RKN development which include eggs, second, third, and fourth stage jeveniles, adult females and males were found inside the rice root tissues based on nematode staining observation. Morphometric measurements of the body and stylet length, maximum body width, length of the second stage juveniles, and female perineal pattern, indicated that Meloidogyne species found was M. graminicola
Deteksi dan Identifikasi Spesies Meloidogyne pada Tanaman Wortel dari Dataran Tinggi Malino, Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan
Get PDFMeloidogyne spp. was reported as the cause of branched tuber disease on several carrot production areas in Java, Indonesia and may potentially cause yield loss. This research aimed to use morphological and molecular characters to detect and identify Meloidogyne species on carrot from Malino Highland, Sub-district of Tinggimoncong, District of Gowa, South Sulawesi. Morphological identification was done based on character of the female perineal pattern. Molecular identification was based on amplification of r-DNA by polymerase chain reaction technique using species specific primers (Fjav/Rjav for M. javanica, Far/Rar for M. arenaria, and Finc/Rinc for M. incognita) and multiplex primer (JMV1/JMVhapla/JMV2 for M. hapla, M. chitwoodi, and M. fallax).Two of Meloidogyne species, i.e. M. incognita and M. arenaria were detected associated with the incidence of carrot branched tuber. The specific primers amplified two DNA bands, i.e. ± 999 bp of M. incognita and ± 420 bp of M. arenaria, while multiplex primer was failed to amplify DNA bands. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed M. incognita isolate of Malino was closely related to M. incognita isolate from Bangka-Indonesia, China (isolate JS2), and Malaysia (isolates JIK4, FIK4, JIT19, and FIT19) with homology of 99.2–100.0%. The nucleotide sequences of M. arenaria from Malino was submitted to GenBank with accession number KP234264, which was the first nucleotide sequence data in GenBank
Deteksi Virus Utama Bawang Merah dan Bawang Putih dari Daerah Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah
Get PDFViral disease has been reported to cause significant effect on production of shallot (A. cepa) and garlic (A. sativum). The study was conducted to detect main viruses from leaves and bulbs of shallot and garlic using specific antibodies by ELISA method. Leaf and bulb samples was collected from West Java (Bandung, Bogor and Cirebon), Central Java (Brebes), and Yogyakarta (Bantul). Single as well as mix infection of GCLV, SLV, and Potyvirus was successfully detected using specific antibodies. The average percentage of virus infection in the crop ranged from 11.2–14.3% on shallot, and 14.3% on garlic; whereas in the bulb ranged from 11.2–13.3% on shallot, and 9.18% on garlic