Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Bakteri Endofit Asal Berbagai Akar Tanaman sebagai Agens Pengendali Nematoda Puru Akar Meloidogyne incognita pada Tomat
Get PDFInfection caused by root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita may cause yield losses. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of endophytic bacterial group as biocontrol agents of RKN. This research was aimed to obtain endophytic bacteria group from 16 species of plants, which effectively controlled the RKN. Isolation of endophytic bacteria group was conducted using NA 20%, NA 50%, TSA 20%, TSA 50%, and King’s B medium. All of the bacteria groups giving negative result in hypersensitive and haemolytic tests, was further examined for their ability to produce protease, chitinase, and cyanide acid. The same endophytic bacteria groups were also tested for their potential to control juvenile 2 of M. incognita on tomatoes by seed treatment and soil drenching. Agronomical and pathological traits were observed 40 days after nematodes infestation. Eighty endophytic bacteria groups were successfully isolated and 17 of them were considered potential. Physiological test showed that 16 groups of endophytic bacteria can produce protease enzyme, 12 groups can produce chitinase enzyme, and 5 groups can produce cyanide acid. Specific endophytic bacteria group, i.e. TmtN5 from roots of tomato plant, is the most effective isolate for suppressing root damage and population of RKN. This group was effective as biocontrol agents of RKN because it produceds chitinase, protease, and cyanide acid. This research provided a new information regarding the potential use of endophytic bacteria group as a biocontrol agent of RKN
Lama Penyimpanan, Karakterisasi Fisiologi, dan Viabilitas Bakteri Endofit Bacillus sp. dalam Formula Tepung
Get PDFEndophytic bacteria can be formulated to retain its ability as disease control agents. Three of endophytic bacteria which had the capability to suppress infection of Meloidogyne sp, and to enhance pepper growth were gained from the previous study. This research was aimed to evaluate the influence of storage time on the viability of endophytic bacteria, Bacillus sp. AA2, Bacillus sp. MER and MSJ, and to study its physiological charaterization during storage. The formulation evaluated in this study was : formulation 1 (50 g talc, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, and brown sugar 1.5 g), formulation 2 (50 g talc, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, and 1.5 g white sugar), formulation 3 (50 g talc, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, 1 g yeast extract, and 1.5 gwhite sugar) and formulation 4 (50 g talc, 1 g pepton, 0.5 g CMC, 1 g yeast extract, 3 mL molasses, 1 gbentonite, 0.75 g calcium carbonate, and 1 g dextrose). The results of the bacterial characterization showed that Bacillus sp AA2 and Bacillus sp MER belongs to Gram positive, produced lipase and protease enzyme, as well as IAA hormone. N2 fixation is only existed in Bacillussp. AA2 and MSJ isolate. The highest viability was shown on MSJ isolate with 2.5×106 cfu mL-1. in the fourth formulation, whereas Bacillus sp. AA2 and Bacillus sp. MER viability was 1.9×106 cfu mL-1. and 1.2×106 cfu mL-1. , respectively.
Potensi Ochrobactrum intermedium - C939A31, Klebsiella oxytoca - C939A32, Bacillus subtilis- I308A32 Asal Tanaman Kopi untuk Mengendalikan Nematoda Luka Akar Pratylenchus coffeae
No full textInfection of root lession nematode, Pratylenchus coffeae, becomes an important factor causing yield loss in coffee production in Indonesia. Biological control of P. coffeae needs to be developed to meet the requirement of environmentally save crop production. The research was conducted to evaluate 3 selected endophytic bacteria isolates, Ochrobactrum intermedium DSQ5, Klebsiella oxytoca NGB-FR 50, and Bacillus subtilis AIMST 10.T18.1, from coffee in controlling P. coffeae. Research methods involved pathogenicity test based on hypersensitive reaction and haemolysis test, and evaluation of their ability to suppress P. coffeae in vitro and in planta. The hypersensitive and haemolysis reactions indicated that these 3 isolates showed negative result both to plant and human. In vitro assays showed that two isolates, K. oxytoca - C939A32 and O. intermedium - C939A3, could suppress P. coffeae populations by 66.7% and 100%. Those results correlated positively with in planta assay’s result
Penapisan Cendawan Trichoderma spp. untuk Pengendalian Phytophthora infestans secara in vitro
Get PDFLate blight disease on potato caused by a plant pathogenic fungus (Phytophthora infestans) is the most important disease in Indonesia. The use of antagonist fungi Trichoderma is an environmentally friendly technology to control the potato disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Trichoderma spp. to control P. infestans in vitro. Trichoderma spp. have been isolated from suppressive soil at central potato areas in district of Lembang, Bandung, West Java Province. To determine the inhibition ability of Trichoderma spp against P. infestans, a dual culture method was performed. Variable observed was inhibition zone of Trichoderma spp. against P. infestans. The results showed that 9 isolates of Trichoderma were successfuly isolated from suppressive soil, i.e. T. viride (2 isolates), T. atroviride (1 isolate), T. harzianum (1 isolate) and T. aureoviride (5 isolates). All the Trichoderma isolates revealed growth inhibition abality against P. infestans and. The highest growth inhibition (68.6%) was observed by T. viride isolate ( Ti 9)
Vascular Streak Dieback: Penyakit Baru Tanaman Kakao di Sumatera Barat
Get PDFVascular streak dieback (VSD) symptoms was reported recently in several cacao plantations in West Sumatera. Disease incidence reached 58.82–100% with disease intensity of 24.29–44.71%. In some cases, dead plant was also found. Fungal isolation was performed to identify the agents associated with VSD. Plant samples showing VSD symptoms was collected from 3 locations of cacao production center in West Sumatera, i.e. Limapuluh Kota regency, Padang Pariaman regency, and Padang city. Small pieces of leaf and twig were plated on water agar and potato dextrose agar medium for fungal isolation. Morphology of hifa, basidiocarp, and basidiospora observed from fungi colonies indicated the presence of Ceratobasidium theobromae on infected plant samples. This is the first report on the association of C. theobromae on cacao in West Sumatera.
Keefektifan Formula Pseudomonas fluorescens Untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Bakteri dan Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Nilam
Get PDFBacterial wilt disease (Rasltonia solanacearum) is an important constraint for patchouli plant. Formulated Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf19 could induce patchouli plant resistance against R. solanacearum. The aims of the present study were to find the optimal dose and application interval of formulated P. fluorescens Pf19 in order to control R. solanacearum effectively and efficiently, as well as promoting the growth and productivity of the patchouli plant. The results of effectivity test of doses (75 g L-1 and 100 g L-1) and application time intervals (every 30; 60; 90 and 120 days) showed that formulation of P. fluorescens Pf19 controlled bacterial wilt disease and increased patchouli plant growth and production on patchouli plant in field. Doses of 100 g L-1 and application time of every 30 and 60 days had highest activity and effectivity to control bacterial wilt diseases and increase plant growth and production of patchouli plant. Incubation period was 88.0–93.5 days after planting, and disease intensity was 16.50–24.12%. The same treatments may increase the growth of patchouli plant, i.e. plant height were 59.0–68.5 cm, total number of leaves were 417.5–510.0 leaves per plant, wet weight of leaves were 234.55–263.45 g per plot and dry weight of leaves were 25.32–29.28 g per plot
Identifikasi Molekuler Tobacco mosaic virus pada Anggrek di Sleman, Yogyakarta
Get PDFTobamovirus is a group of virus with a wide host range, including orchid plant which considered as an economically important plant. This research aimed to identify Tobamovirus infecting orchids. Virus isolates were collected from orchid nursery in Sleman, Yogyakarta. Plant extract from orchid showing necrotic flex symptom was inoculated to indicator plants Chenopodium amaranticolor. Chlorotic local lesion symptoms occurred within 3 days after inoculation. RNA total from symptomatic C. amaranticolor was extracted by using a commercial kit. cDNA was synthesized using oligo d(T) primer. Amplification of cDNA using partial movement protein specific primers TMV-1F and TMV-2R was successfully amplified the amplicon with size ± 422 bp. The nucleotide sequences of this amplicon showed highest DNA homology (98%) with Tobacco mosaic virus Yongren-2 isolat from China
Laporan Pertama Infeksi Begomovirus pada Tanaman Mentimun di Bali
Get PDFLeaf yellowing symptoms was commonly found in cucumber plants in Bali provinces, i.e. in Apuan and Bangli villages recently. Begomovirus infection is suspected as the causal agent, due to similar symptoms previously reported from cucumber plants in Java. In addition, Bemisia tabaci was observed in the field. The objective of this research was to identify the causal agent of leaf yellowing disease of cucumber in Bali. Virus detection and identification was conducted by polymerase chain reaction method using universal primers for Begomovirus, i.e. SPG1/SPG2. DNA fragment of 912 bp in size was successfully amplified from leaf samples. Analysis of nucleotide sequencing indicated that Begomovirus infecting cucumber plants in Bali has the highest homology (91%) with Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) isolate from Malaysia. This is the first report of SLCCNV infection in Bali
Tingkat Infestasi Aphelenchoides besseyi pada Benih Padi di Bogor
Get PDFThe white tip disease on rice plants have been discovered in the district of Bogor, i.e. in Sukamakmur, Petir, and Muara Experimental Station areas. The infected plant exhibited symptoms, involving whiten leaf tip 3–5 cm that later turn to necrosis, twisted and crinkled. The disease is supposed caused by a parasitic nematode, namely Aphelenchoides besseyi, which is known seed borne. Extraction of nematodes based on ISTA protocols on rice was conducted. Seeds from eight varieties, SL8SHS, Hybrid Rice (HIPA14), IPB 3S, IR-64, Pertiwi (Pak Tiwi), Inpari 31, Pandan Wangi Bogor (Sintanur) and Ciherang, was obtained from seed vendors in Bogor and Muara Experimental Station. The majority of nematodes recovered were females and only few males with morphological characteristics matching with A. besseyi. All seed rice varieties tested contained A. besseyi with the average of 3–341 nematodes per 5 g seed.
Ketahanan Sepuluh Genotipe Kedelai terhadap Penyakit Karat
Get PDFRust disease caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi can reduce soybean yields up to 75%. One solution to overcome the rust disease is by planting resistant varieties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 10 soybean genotypes to rust disease. The research was conducted in the greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with three replications. Inoculation of rust pathogen on 3 weeks-old plants was done by spraying urediniospore suspension (density 104 mL-1) to the surface of the leaves on the 10 soybean genotypes (MLGG 0005, MLGG 0253, MLGG 0465, MLGG 0470, var. Argomulyo, var. Tanggamus, var. Wilis, var. Burangrang, var. Grobogan, dan var. Dering 1). The results showed that all soybean genotypes were classified as moderately resistant to rust diseases based on the method of IWGSR. Although the plants were infected by rust disease, var. Wilis and Dering 1 produced the highest seed yield per plant (7.15 and 5.21 g, respectively), due to the good appearance of the plants, and the high number of branches, reproductive nodes, and number of filled pods. Therefore, these genotypes might be used as a good germplasm accession