Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia
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Aktivitas Antagonis Bakteri Endofit Asal Mangrove terhadap Ralstonia solanacearum dan Meloidogyne spp.
Get PDFThe main diseases of tomato caused by wilt bacteria (Ralstonia solanacearum) and root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) may cause significant yield losses and need to be managed. Recently, biocontrol approach especially using endophytic bacteria has been developed to control plant pathogens. This research was aimed to obtain endophytic bacteria from 2 species of mangrove, which effectively controlled root knot nematode and wilt bacteria. A total of 843 endophytic bacteria were successfully isolated from 2 species of mangroves. The bacteria isolates were further subjected for biosafety assay. The results of the test showed that 403 endophytic bacteria gave negative reaction in hypersensitive and hemolytic tests. Furthermore, 19 isolates effectively suppressed the growth R solanacearum and killed Meloidogyne in in vitro test. Physiological test showed that 14 and 11 isolates of the bacteria were able to produce protease and chitinase, respectively. This research provides a new information that endophytic bacteria from mangrove has a potency as a biocontrol agents
Asam Salisilat sebagai Penginduksi Ketahanan Tanaman Padi terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri
Get PDFThe use of salicylic acid as resistance inducers agents in several plants species was well known. Salicylic acid has been believed to play an important role in inducing resistance against some pathogen. This research was aimed to study the role and effectiveness of salicylic acid as inducers for the resistance of some rice variety against bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized factorial design with three factors i.e. rice variety, salicylic acid, and pathotypes, each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that salicylic acid could prolong the latent period of X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes IV and VIII in paddy rice varieties Conde and Ciherang, induce the resistance of rice varieties as well as reducing the rate of infection of the two mentioned pathotypes. Salicylic acid was also able to induce the resistance of Conde and Ciherang varieties in order to suppress area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of X. oryzae pv. oryzae pathotypes IV and VIII
Identifikasi Colletotrichum spp. Asal Tanaman Pepaya
Get PDFColletotrichum spp. is known as the causal agent of anthracnose and considered as an important limiting factors on papaya production. The objective of this study was to determine the species of Colletotrichum spp. from various plant parts of papaya (Carica papaya) showing anthracnose symptom. Twenty isolates of Colletotrichum spp. was isolated and were grouped into 3 morphological groups based on colony similarity, conidial morphology, and setae formation. A total of 12 isolates of group I and 3 isolates of group II were identified morphologically as C. gloeosporioides sensu lato based on cylindrical conidia with rounded on both ends and colony morphology. Meanwhile, 1 isolate of group II was molecularly identified as C. magnum. Four isolates of group III with a curved and pointed-end conidia, and produced setae on artificial medium were identified molecularly as C. truncatum. C. gloeosporioides was obtained on stem, leaf petiole, and fruit. C. magnum and C. truncatum were only obtained on leaf petiole and fruit, respectively. In addition to morphological and molecular characters, differences in colony growth responses to temperature can be used to distinguish the species of Colletotrichum. To our knowledge the existence of anthracnose symptom on the stems and leaf petioles of papaya in the fields and the discovery of C. magnum and C. truncatum isolated from papaya was the first report in Indonesia
Bakteri Endofit dari Tanaman Kehutanan sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat dan Agens Pengendali Meloidogyne sp.
Get PDFMeloidogyne sp. is one of the main constraints of tomato production in Indonesia. Endophytic bacteria may be considered as biocontrol agents for controlling Meloidogyne sp. The objective of this study was to isolate endophytic bacteria from forestry plants and to evaluate its potential for controling Meloidogyne sp. on tomato. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from roots of mahoni (Swietenia mahogany), trambesi (Albizia saman), gaharu (Aquilaria malacensis), and meranti (Shorea sp.). Isolation of bacterial endophytes from plant tissue was conducted using surface sterilization method with 70% alcohol, 3% NaOCl and sterile water on medium trypsic soy agar. Endophytic bacteria was separated and purified based on shape and color of the colony. A total of 33 isolates of endophytic bacteria were isolated from roots of mahoni (11 isolates), trambesi (5 isolates), gaharu (7 isolates), and meranti (10 isolates). The bacteria was tested for the hypersensitivity reaction on tobacco plants and the result showed that 22 isolates did not cause necrosis, indicated they are not pathogenic. Ten isolates of endophytic bacteria was selected for further experiment, i.e. to evaluate their potential as biocontrol agent for Meloidogyne sp. and as growth promotor for tomato plants. The experiment was conducted in the screenhouse using seed treatment. The result showed that two isolates of endophytic bacteria, i.e. MSJ1H and AGS1F were able to increase the growth of tomato plants up to 60% and reduce the number of root knot caused by Meloidogyne sp. Endophytic bacteria isolated from forestry plants have the potential as a biocontrol agents to plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne sp.
Identifikasi Virus Penyebab Penyakit Kerdil pada Tanaman Padi di Sukamandi, Jawa Barat
Get PDFViral diseases on rice is an important constraint for rice production in Indonesia. Research was conducted to determine the incidence of stunting disease in Sukamandi area at Subang regency (West Java), to identify the virus associated with the disease using RT-PCR method, and to analyze coat protein gene sequences. Field observation during growing period on November– December 2014 indicated that the incidence of stunting disease was low (0.01-10.52%). Grassy stunt and ragged stunt symptoms was observed in the fields. Spesific DNA fragments of coat protein gene of Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) and Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) was successfully amplified using specific primers. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that RRSV and RGSV isolates from Subang has the highest homology with RRSV isolates from Vietnam, Philipines and Thailand (97.1 %) and RGSV isolate from Longan, Vietnam (95.8%), respectively
Cover Jurnal Fitopatologi Vol. 14 No. 2, Maret 2018
No full textDOI: https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.14.2.
Pemodelan Keparahan Penyakit Blas pada Tanaman Padi di Kabupaten Subang
Get PDFModelling on Rice Blast Disease Severity in Subang DistrictBlast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) is a major diseases of rice in Indonesia. Research related to modelling of blast disease severity is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to design a statistical model on rice blast disease infestation on the rice paddy and to asses a correlation between the disease severity and infected seed level. The models were constructed based on multiple linier regression analyses. The study was conducted by observing the disease severity, collecting information about cultivation technique and weather conditions. The result of regression analysis showed severity modeling on influencing factors is Y = -67.17 + 5.51X1 – 10.54X2 + 13.26X3 + 8.51X4 + 2.29X5 + 1.32X6 + 8.47X7 + 0.31X8 + 4.53X9 (p-value <0.0001, R2 = 0.85). Nitrogen application and plant ages had significant effect on disease severity. The addition of N fertilizer increased the severity of blast disease by 8.47%. Increasing the daily life of plants increases the disease severity by 0.31%. The correlation (r) of pathogen infection after harvesting was strongly influenced by infection before planting with correlation value of 0.78. This means that the severity of seed disease after harvesting is influenced by 78% infection of pathogenic seed before planting. The result of regression analysis showed Y = 5.98 + 2.41X (p-value = 0.0076, R2 = 0.61). An increase of 1% pathogens carried by seed before planting will be increasing disease severity by 2.41% after harvesting. The results of this study can be used as a reference in preparing preventive control measure and reduce the risk of pathogen carried by seeds that act as a source of initial inoculum
Potensi Metabolit Sekunder Asal Bakteri Endofit dalam Menekan Pertumbuhan Miselium Ganoderma boninense
Get PDFPotency of Endophytic Bacterial Secondary Metabolite to Inhibit Mycelium Growth of Ganoderma boninense Endophytic bacteria have a close relationship with their host plants. The bacteria are living inside their host without causing any symptom. Endophytic bacteria are well known for their ability to produce compounds that can be used to protect plants from deleterious microorganisms. The research was conducted to determine the ability of endophytic bacteria in producing antifungal compounds that are able to suppress the growth of Ganoderma boninense, a causal agent of basal stem rot disease of oil palm. Previously isolated endophytic bacteria were grown on international streptomyces project 2 (ISP2) liquid medium and incubated at rotary evaporator at 120 rpm for 10 days. The supernatant was separated from bacterial cells and tested against G. boninense using well diffusion agar method. The results showed that endophytic bacteria isolate of BEK6, BEK7, BEK9 and BEK10 were able to produce antifungal compound against G. boninense. Microscopic observation demonstrated G. boninense mycelia alteration following secondary metabolite application.
Evaluasi Resistensi Progeni Anggrek Phalaenopsis terhadap Penyakit Busuk Lunak (Pseudomonas viridiflava)
Get PDFA bacterial soft rot disease caused by P. viridiflava was one of problems in orchid nursery, especially Phalaenopsis. An evaluation on progenies derived from three crossing combinations were conducted to find out the symptom characteristic, development of infections of the disease and resistance response of the progenies against artificial infection of P. viridiflava. The research was conducted under a standard glass house conditions for Phalaenopsis involving 31 individuals from 3 progeny populations, namely P.157, E.2153 and E.2189. The results showed that symptoms were characterized by the lesion of the leaf tissues. On most accessions, the lesion enlarged and foul odor was detected as an indication of the successful establishment of bacterial infection. Based on the disease severity, three accessions (P.157-12, P.157-45, and P.157-71) had the lowest infections and were classified into resistant genotypes. One accession, i.e. P.157-32 was classified as susceptible and the rest 27 accessions were grouped into very susceptible class
Kisaran Inang Cowpea mild mottle virus dan Respons Varietas Kedelai
Get PDFCowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) is one of important virus which infects soybean and become an endemic disease since the first time reported in Java and Sumatra. Research was conducted to study the host range of CPMMV and to evaluate response of new type soybean varieties to CPMMV specific isolate. Host range study of CPMMV CR16 isolate was conducted by sap transmission method to 11 species of indicator plants, whereas evaluation of soybean response involved 10 varieties. The resistance response of soybean variety was based on incubation period, and of either the disease incidence or severity. Virus infection on test plants were confirmed by dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) using specific CPMMV antisera. The CPMMV CR16 isolate was able to infect systemically 8 plant species belongs to Leguminoceae, and Solancaeae; while the virus caused local infection on Amaranthaceae. All plant species infected systemically proved to become sources of inoculum for CPMMV when they used in back inoculation to soybean. Response of soybean varieties to CPMMV CR16 isolate can be categorized into susceptible (Detam 1, Detam 2, Detam 3, Anjasmoro, Wilis), moderated (Detam 4, Malika, Dena 1) and resistant (Argomulyo and Grobogan)